A Suggested Strategic Roadmap for Public Egyptian Universities to Adopt and Adapt to the Requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Society 5.0 to Prepare Students for the Future Labor Market

Currently, the world is facing an unprecedented challenge which is “youth bulge” with a high rate of unemployment. It is argued that the employability challenges will be compounded by the impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and Society 5.0, and “Open talent economy” is the new economy replacing traditional permanent employees with talented “free lancers” to perform the required work from anywhere in the world. Currently, institutions around the world prefer to employ those who have skills for specific projects. Gig economy primarily depends on two forms of work: “crowd work” and “work on-demand”. In addition, in the last five years, "artificial intelligence" (AI) has begun to replace people in many of routine jobs, and will continue to replace people in new unimaginable jobs that may arise in the future due to the continuous developments of smart technologies. Accordingly, universities all over the world will face a new problem of preparing students for a new way of life and work with a somewhat uncertain future in the coming era that involves a new industrial revolution whose repercussions are unprecedented.Accordingly, there is increasing trend that calls for the necessity of preparing a flexible or liquid workforce able to constantly adapt itself to the requirements of fast-changing labor market, and establishing a culture of flexibility in moving between businesses according to the needs of the labor market which witnessed the emergence of new types of labor across the world. If universities failed to align employability competences with the requirements of 4IR and Society 5.0, the unemployment gap will increase. Thus, the main objective of this study is to propose a strategic roadmap for public Egyptian universities to adopt and adapt to the requirements of the fourth industrial revolution and society 5.0 to prepare students for the future labor market. To achieve this objective, the author adopted both descriptive and exploratory research design, and used mixed methods research approach. Since the requirements of 4IR and Society 5.0 and Gig economy do not depend on national educational institutions that operate in accordance with national standards, but reliance is on the standards set by transnational "digital institutions" and platform companies, so the national contexts will have minor influence on practices and structure of university education systems, therefore the suggested strategic proposal may be applied by many universities in different educational contexts. Keywords: The Fourth Industrial Revolution; Society 5.0; Strategic Roadmap; Education 4.0; Work 4.0; Egyptian Universities; Gig economy. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-29-03 Publication date:October 31st 202

Internet research and the implications for ethical research practice

The Internet has extended the opportunity for researchers to investigate human actions and interactions. This study aims to critically examine the various ways that ethical considerations associated with Internet-Mediated Research (IMR) are constructed as a social reality by Australian Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and the implications for research practice. This project builds on research undertaken in the United States by Buchannan and Ess (2009) which discussed US Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and the state of Internet research ethics. An explanatory sequential mixed design, consisting of two distinct phases was conducted (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2003). Quantitative data was collected and analysed in the first phase (Study 1) via an online survey of Australian Human Research Ethics Committee members from March to April 2016. Semi-structured interviews (n=3) were then conducted with Chairpersons of Australian Human Research Ethics Committees (Study 2) and analysed to further explain and clarify results found in the first data collection phase. Results of current processes and practices of Australian HRECs obtained in Study 1 were found to be similar to those reported by US IRBs and suggested that ethical review boards may be ill-equipped and ill-trained to navigate the review of IMR protocols. However, the addition of a qualitative overlay via the Australian HREC Chairperson’s interviews in Study 2 provided additional detail that suggested that reviewing IMR protocols is more complex than previously understood. Thematic analysis of the interview data identified that the ethical review of IMR protocols is thoroughly undertaken via a principle-based process as it is not viewed as being different to any other research method or tool. Additionally, ethical responsibility in this space is shared amongst the HREC, researchers, and participants themselves

Futures thinking for academic librarians : higher education in 2025

33 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.Libro Electrónico"Para los bibliotecarios académicos que tratan de demostrar el valor de sus bibliotecas en sus instituciones, es importante saber lo que va a ser valorado en el futuro para que podamos empezar a tomar las medidas apropiadas ahora. Este documento presenta 26 posibles escenarios basados en una evaluación de las implicaciones de las tendencias actuales, que pueden tener un impacto en todo tipo de bibliotecas universitarias y de investigación durante los próximos 15 años. Los escenarios representan los temas relacionados con la cultura académica, la demografía, la educación a distancia, la financiación, la globalización, la infraestructura, instalaciones, bibliotecas, clima político, la industria editorial, los valores sociales, los alumnos, el aprendizaje, y la tecnología. El informe refleja la opinión experta de los miembros de la ACRL en cuanto a sus expectativas y percepciones acerca de la probabilidad, el impacto, la velocidad del cambio, y la amenaza, oportunidades potenciales de cada escenario. Finalmente, el estudio extrae consecuencias para las bibliotecas universitarias. Para los escenarios que han sido identificados como de alto impacto con una alta probabilidad de ocurrir, es responsabilidad de los directores de bibliotecas y de aquellos que establecer agendas estratégicas para bibliotecas universitarias con el fin de poder planificar para actuar ahora sobre estos escenarios. Este informe refuerza la idea de que las bibliotecas universitarias son parte de un ecosistema más grande, y los bibliotecarios deben constantemente explorar el entorno en busca de signos de los cambios que puedan surgir. Se incluye un apéndice con una actividad sugerida para participar junto a colegas de la biblioteca en desarrollar su imaginación y teniendo en cuenta los futuros posibles. Esto puede aumentar la capacidad de participar en el pensamiento estratégico y la planificación, el apoyo a los bibliotecarios en la toma de mejores decisiones ahora que se puede abordar una variedad de diversos futuros posibles de futuros posibles" Tomado de: http://www.universoabierto.com/8045/el-futuro-de-las-bibliotecas-universitarias/ACRL has released a new report, “Futures Thinking for Academic Librarians: Higher Education in 2025,” to prompt academic librarians to consider what trends may impact the future of higher education in order to take strategic action now. Authored by David J. Staley, director of the Harvey Goldberg Center for Excellence in Teaching in the History Department of Ohio State University, and Kara J. Malenfant, ACRL scholarly communications and government relations specialist, the report presents 26 possible scenarios for the future which may have an impact on all types of academic libraries over the next 15 years. The scenarios are based on implications assessment of current trends and reflect a variety of potential futures for higher education. The scenarios represent a variety of themes relating to academic culture, demographics, distance education, funding, globalization, infrastructure/facilities, libraries, political climate, publishing industry, societal values, students/learning and technology."For academic librarians seeking to demonstrate the value of their libraries to their parent institutions, it is important to understand not only the current climate. We must also know what will be valued in the future so that we can begin to take appropriate action now. This document presents 26 possible scenarios based on an implications assessment of current trends, which may have an impact on all types of academic and research libraries over the next 15 years. The scenarios represent themes relating to academic culture, demographics, distance education, funding, globalization, infrastructure/facilities, libraries, political climate, publishing industry, societal values, students/learning, and technology. They are organized in a “scenario space” visualization tool, reflecting the expert judgment of ACRL members as to their expectations and perceptions about the probability, impact, speed of change, and threat/opportunity potential of each scenario. Finally, the study draws out implications for academic libraries. For scenarios which have been identified as high impact with a high probability of occurring, it is incumbent upon library directors and those who set strategic agendas for academic libraries to plan to act now upon these scenarios. This report reinforces the notion that academic libraries are part of a larger ecosystem, and librarians should be consistently scanning the environment to look for signs of the changes that may come. It includes an appendix with a suggested activity to engage library colleagues in stretching your imaginations and considering possible futures. This can build capacity to engage in strategic thinking and planning, supporting librarians in making better decisions now that can address a variety of possible futures." Tomado de: http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/06/24/futures-thinking-for-academic-librarians-higher-education-in-2025/"La prospectiva nos ayuda a comprender lo que puede pasar en el futuro -no a conocer el futuro mismo- y nos da la oportunidad -si sabemos aprovecharla- de influir en él trabajando desde el presente. Un instrumento prospectivo bastante habitual es la creación de escenarios que ayudan a las organizaciones a prever futuros posibles, a entender las diferentes maneras en que los acontecimientos pueden desarrollarse y a diseñar con acierto sus planificaciones estratégicas. Para poder ser verdaderamente útiles, los escenarios deben ser bien documentados, relevantes, pertinentes, coherentes y verosímiles. La creación de escenarios que enmarquen los planes estratégicos de las bibliotecas es relativamente frecuente ya que son un potente elemento inspirador a la hora de establecer estrategias de futuro. La técnica ha sido empleada con éxito por muchas bibliotecas que, de esta manera, han podido enfocar el uso de sus recursos y su potencial innovador hacia aquellas acciones que tendrían mayor impacto y aportarían más valor a sus usuarios. Muy a menudo las bibliotecas, a la hora de planificar, buscan horizontes a 3-5 años pero el estudio encargado por la ACRL, Futures thinking for academic librarians: Higher Education in 2025, nos propone echar un vistazo a lo que espera a las bibliotecas universitarias mucho más allá, en el horizonte de los próximos 15 años. Tomando como punto de partida las tendencias actuales, presenta 26 posibles escenarios con el fin de ayudar a descubrir qué será importante en el futuro para que, ya desde ahora mismo, las bibliotecas puedan emprender las acciones adecuadas. Los diferentes escenarios proponen una visión plausible e internamente consistente de lo que podría pasar en la posible evolución de temas clave para las bibliotecas universitarias como son la cultura académica, la demografía, la educación a distancia, la financiación, la globalización, las infraestructuras, las mismas bibliotecas, el clima político, la industria editorial, los valores sociales, los estudiantes y el aprendizaje, y la tecnología. A partir de los resultados de una encuesta, el estudio refleja las opiniones, expectativas y percepciones de los miembros de la ACRL sobre la probabilidad, impacto, velocidad de cambio y amenaza y / o oportunidad potencial de cada uno de los escenarios. Hay que indicar, sin embargo, que aunque los escenarios han sido preparados para ayudar principalmente a las bibliotecas estadounidenses, la mayoría son perfectamente plausibles y adaptables a nuestro entorno. De los 26 escenarios presentados aquel que fue considerado de más alto impacto y mayor probabilidad y, en definitiva, el que preocupó más, fue el escenario titulado "Aumento de la amenaza de la delincuencia informática" que presenta la universidad como objetivo de los piratas informáticos, que interrumpen las operaciones durante días y semanas mientras los bibliotecarios luchan por mantener la privacidad de los usuarios y se enfrentan a un creciente escrutinio y crítica en su intento de preservar la libertad intelectual en línea. Ciencia ficción? No, un escenario posible. El estudio propone otros escenarios de títulos sugerentes como "Un título universitario para cada ciudadano", "Rotura del monopolio del libro de texto", "Veo lo que ves", "Fuera del negocio" o "La longevidad es la nueva salud ". No todos acabarán siendo reales, a medida que el horizonte temporal se acerque a estos 15 años se irán transformando. Unos ganarán en detalle y certeza, otros se desvanecerán o nuevos acontecimientos les harán tomar un giro inesperado. Lo que probablemente es más importante, como dice el estudio, es no perder la visión estratégica periférica que nos ayudará a evitar ser sorprendidos por las sorpresas. Futures thinking for academic librarians: Higher Education in 2025 concluye con un apéndice que presenta una metodología sencilla para trabajar los escenarios dentro de las bibliotecas y sacar todo el provecho adaptándolos al entorno específico de cada una. De esta manera se puede estimular el pensamiento en clave de futuro y se pueden crear y poner a prueba nuevas estrategias de la biblioteca universitaria." Tomado de: http://www.ub.edu/blokdebid/es/content/escenarios-de-2025-para-bibliotecas-universitarias-de-2010-como-evitar-ser-sorprendidos-por-Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 3 Theoretical Frameworks 4 Methodology 5 The Scenarios 7 Analysis of Findings and Discussion 21 Conclusion 23 References 23 Appendix A Methodological Notes 25 Appendix B Demographic Profile of Survey Respondents 28 Appendix C Activity: Scenario Thinking at Your Library 3

Digital skills in healthcare practice

The healthcare industry is rapidly evolving in tandem with a demand for increased flexibility in the delivery of education in our fast-paced society. As a result, the passive reception of content by students, delivered by an expert from the front of the class, is becoming increasingly redundant. Students are now being taught, ubiquitous connectivity allowing widespread access to online materials (Collier, Gray, & Ahn, 2011). Programs such as nursing are often offered in an external, online delivery mode (Wright, 2013). Due to an increasingly aging population, healthcare is by far one of the fastest-growing industries, and graduate job seekers choosing to enter healthcare, will need to ensure they have developed sound digital literacies, particularly as they apply to professional communication. It is imperative that students develop and leverage emerging communication technologies as part of their portfolio prior to seeking employment (Clark, 2009; Hargittai & Litt, 2013)

Discontentment and knowledge spillovers in an emerging high-tech industry: a study of the emergence of the RFID industry

This thesis is an inductive study of how entrepreneurs and their collaborators use or encourage knowledge spillovers to fuel technological innovations during the emergence of a knowledge intensive industry. Drawing on theories of the entrepreneurial process, innovation during industry emergence, and knowledge spillovers, this thesis seeks to explain the process by which entrepreneurs, facing market, organizational and technological uncertainty, use their existing knowledge to procure, share and create new knowledge during the early stages of an emerging industry. The core research question is why, when and how do knowledge spillovers occur in an emerging industry? The thesis is based on an extensive case study of the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) industry, including both interview data and analysis of patent data. The approach of data collection, analysis and theory development follows the systematic methodology articulated by Glaser and Strauss (1967), Glaser (1992) and Strauss and Corbin (1998) for developing a grounded theory. The qualitative research involved 57 in-depth interviews (45 interviewees) from around the world with the inventors and entrepreneurs who have shaped the emerging RFID industry. The thesis makes a number of important contributions to existing literature. First, it provides a comprehensive description of the emergence of the RFID industry in the United States and Europe with a focus on patent activity surrounding specific innovations and the nature of information flows between firms in the value chain. Second, core findings are that the discovery, evaluation and exploitation of opportunities by individuals in the RFID industry were the result of knowledge spillovers that resulted from extensive social interactions; that knowledge spillovers can be instigated by entrepreneurs or their collaborators by molding or recognizing discontentment in potential knowledge workers, a process which is described as "discontentment provocation"; and that a core generative process to the emergence of a new industry is knowledge spillover. Contrary to existing literature, patents played a relatively insignificant role in knowledge spillovers relative to social interaction in the emerging RFID industry. Furthermore, knowledge spillovers were not geographically bound and localized within spatial proximity to the knowledge source. Third, the analysis of the empirical data identifies the dimensions "discontentment", "human agency" and "social interaction" as underpinning the process that fostered the generation and propagation of knowledge during the emergence of this industry. The discontentment dimension, originating from negative forces, acts as a catalyst to trigger the process of human agency, the decision to pass on information and knowledge to another party. Human agency then leads seamlessly into social interaction, resulting in the acquisition, interpretation and/or sharing of information and knowledge. Discontented individuals were the knowledge conduits who diffused information and knowledge to entrepreneurs and their collaborators through social interaction. Fourth, this thesis also advances the theory of knowledge spillovers in an emerging knowledge intensive industry by expanding upon the "Entrepreneurial Motivational Model" proposed by Shane et al. (2003). It introduces the triggering events that motivate an individual to seek change prior to the discovery of an opportunity and the social exchanges which take place during different steps of the entrepreneurial process. Overall, this study has important implications for those studying the entrepreneurial process, the emergence of new industries, and knowledge spillovers

Applications of simulation within the healthcare context

This is a pre-print of an article published in Journal of the Operation Research Society. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Katsaliaki, K., Mustafee, N.,(2010). Applications of simulation within the healthcare context. Journal of the Operation Research Society. 62, 1431-1451 is available online at: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jors/journal/v62/n8/full/jors201020a.htmlA large number of studies have applied simulation to a multitude of issues related to healthcare. These studies have been published over a number of unrelated publishing outlets, and this may hamper the widespread reference and use of such resources. In this paper we analyse existing research in healthcare simulation in order to categorise and synthesise it in a meaningful manner. Hence, the aim of this paper is to conduct a review of the literature pertaining to simulation research within healthcare in order to ascertain its current development. A review of approximately 250 high quality journal papers published between 1970 and 2007 on healthcare-related simulation research was conducted. The results present: a classification of the healthcare publications according to the simulation techniques they employ; the impact of published literature in healthcare simulation; a report on demonstration and implementation of the studies’ results; the sources of funding; and the software used. Healthcare planners and researchers will benefit from this study by having ready access to an indicative article collection of simulation techniques applied in healthcare problems that are clustered under meaningful headings. This study facilitates the understanding of the potential of different simulation techniques for solving diverse healthcare problems

Cesagen response to Nuffield Council on bioethics consultation on novel neurotechnologies:intervening in the brain

In what follows, we do not answer every question [by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics). We first proceed with our comments, referring to the numbered questions as appropriate. Thereafter, we give a case study from recent studies within Cesagen to illustrate more general insights for public policy. Case study 1 illustrates some of the complications that arise in public consultation about human enhancement, in particular, with reference to idealistic perceptions which are strongly influenced by long-term popular imaginations about the future of humans and their societies. As we said in a response to a previous consultation, our position is that attention needs to be paid to how the technologies and the associated issues are framed – ethically, politically, scientifically, and by whom. This includes how a given technology is itself described (typically well before it actually exists, if it comes to do so); the claims made for its purported benefits; how stakeholders are conceptualised; how social-cultural aspects will evolve. Such framing is not exclusively a scientific and technological matter but involves cultural and social imaginations as well as artistic ones

A gentle transition from Java programming to Web Services using XML-RPC

Exposing students to leading edge vocational areas of relevance such as Web Services can be difficult. We show a lightweight approach by embedding a key component of Web Services within a Level 3 BSc module in Distributed Computing. We present a ready to use collection of lecture slides and student activities based on XML-RPC. In addition we show that this material addresses the central topics in the context of web services as identified by Draganova (2003)

Internet Justice: Reconceptualizing the Legal Rights of Persons with Disabilities to Promote Equal Access in the Age of Rapid Technological Change

Although a range of laws and regulations have been created in the United States to promote online accessibility for persons with disabilities, tremendous disparities persist in access to Internet technologies and content. Such inaccessibility is an enormous barrier to equality and participation in society for persons with disabilities. The current legal approaches to online accessibility have not proven successful, focusing on specific technologies and technical solutions to accessibility. This paper argues for a reconceptualization of the approach to promoting legal guarantees of online access for persons with disabilities, focusing on information and communication goals, the processes of accessing information, and new approaches to monitoring, guidance, and enforcement. Without a broader conception of accessibility under the law, persons with disabilities risk being increasingly excluded from the technologies and content of the Internet that are coming to define social, educational, employment, and government interactions