An investigation into the relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake, symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The association between diet, symptoms and health related quality of life in children and young people with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is not clearly understood. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to explore the evidence for a relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake, arthritis symptoms, disease activity and health-related quality of life in children and young people with JIA considering both observational and interventional studies separately. Method: The databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched in October 2019, updated in September 2020 and October 2021. Searches were restricted to English language, human and age (2–18 years old). Studies were included if they measured the effect of dietary supplements, vitamins or minerals, or diet in general, on quality of life and/ or arthritis symptom management. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts. Full texts were sourced for relevant articles. PRISMA guidelines were used for extracting data. For variables (vitamin D and disease activity), a random-effects meta-analysis model was performed. Two authors using a standardized data extraction form, extracted data independently. Results: 11,793 papers were identified through database searching, 26 studies met our inclusion criteria with 1621 participants. Overall studies quality were fair to good. Results from controlled trial and case control studies with total 146 JIA patients, found that Ɯ-3 PUFA improved the mean active joint count (p p p p = 0.029). Conclusions: We were only able to include small studies, of lower design hierarchy, mainly pilot studies. We found some evidence of lower height and weight across studies in JIA, but were unable to confirm an association between diet, symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and young people with JIA. Well-designed, carefully measured and controlled interventional studies of dietary patterns in combination with important contributing factors such as medication and lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity, are required to determine the impact of diet in improving symptoms and growth patterns in children and young people with JIA, with an aim to improve the quality of their life. Trial registration: PROSPERO [CRD42019145587]

Design and implementation of reverse risk assessment software

Berpikir merupakan salah satu pilihan manusia untuk memperoleh informasi. Pemrosesan informasi ini termasuk kegiatan kognitif yang terjadi secara internal di dalam pusat susunan syaraf manusia. Menurut Jean Piaget, perkembangan kognitif berpikir individu sejalan dengan pertumbuhan biologisnya. Artinya semakin bertambah usia, semakin dewasa seseorang dan semakin banyak pula pengetahuan yang ia peroleh melalui proses adaptasi serta interaksi dengan lingkungannya. Seseorang untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya tersebut memerlukan sebuah bahasa. Dengan bahasa ini, seseorang dapat mengungkapkan apa yang ada di benak dan pikirannya melalui lisan maupun tulisan. Penggunaan bahasa yang aktif dapat diwujudkan dengan mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara. Pada teori belajara Kognitivisme Jean Piaget, keterampilan berbicara dapat berkembang asal seorang pengguna bahasa mendapat kesempatan yang besar untuk berlatih berbicara melalui proses dua arah antara dirinya dengan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang tidak mengadakan perhitungan data secara kuantitatif, melainkan mendeskripsikan hasil perhitungan data menggunakan rumus evaluasi keterampilan berbicara. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 20 siswa kelas X IPA MA Ghozaliyah Sumbermulyo Jogoroto Jombang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan uji keterampilan berbicara, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Uji keterampilan berbicara digunakan untuk menilai keterampilan berbicara siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Observasi digunakan untuk melihat dan menilai keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Wawancara digunakan untuk menggali problematika yang menyertai dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab terutama pada keterampilan berbicara dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk kelengkapan dokumen yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan berbicara siswa setelah penerapan Teori Belajar Kognitif mengalami peningkatan. Dari yang semula nilai rata-rata siswa 44 menjadi 68 dan 82 yang diperoleh dari dua pertemuan proses pembelajaran. Nilai siswa secara keseluruhan mengalami peningkatan serta melebihi nilai KKM

Principles of Nutrition Textbook, Second Edition

Update: The team has updated this course with a Round Twelve Mini-Grant for Ancillary Materials and Revisions, leading to a new twenty-chapter remix featuring content from a Kansas State University open textbook. Due to accessibility issues in the repository, a second copy of the PDF without a cover page is included in Additional Files. This file should retain all bookmarks and tags. First edition description: This Open Textbook for Principles of Nutrition was created under a Round Nine ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. Topics covered: Chapter 1: Nutrition Basics Chapter 2: Macronutrient Structures Chapter 3: Macronutrient Digestion Chapter 4: Macronutrient Uptake, Absorption, & Transport Chapter 5: Common Digestive Problems Chapter 6: Macronutrient Metabolism Chapter 7: Integration of Macronutrient Metabolism Chapter 8: Micronutrients Overview & Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Chapter 9: Antioxidant Micronutrients Chapter 10: Macronutrient Metabolism Micronutrients Chapter 11: Carbon Metabolism Micronutrients Chapter 12: Blood, Bones & Teeth Micronutrients Chapter 13: Electrolyte Micronutrients Chapter 14: Achieving a Healthy Diet Chapter 15: Diet and Health- Chronic Disease Prevention Chapter 16: Pregnancy and Lactation Chapter 17: Nutrition Infancy through Adolescence Chapter 18: Adulthood and the Later Years Chapter 19: Nutrition and Fitness/Athletes Chapter 20: Nutrition and Society The original chapters are also available on a Georgia Highlands College LibGuide.https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/health-textbooks/1006/thumbnail.jp

NUTRITION, MALNUTRITION AND DIETARY INTERVENTIONS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes both Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Diet, as a source of luminal antigens, is thought to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of IBD. often the nutritional status of patients is significantly compromised, particularly in CD. several factors, including drug-nutrient interactions, disease location, symptoms, and dietary restriction can lead to protein energy malnutrition and specific nutritional deficiencies. solid evidence regarding the accountability of certain dietary components in the etiology of IBD are lacking. With regard to malnutrition, its consequence are growth failure, weight loss, bone disease, and/or micronutrient deficiencies, although micronutrient deficiency in IBD in most cases does not tend to have any evident clinical manifestation, except with regardo of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B. Nutritional supplemantation is essential for patients with evidence of malnutrition to increase calorie, and protein intake. Nutritional supplementation can also have efficacy in the induction and maintenance of remission in adults with CD, however it does not replace other treatments. Aim of this review is to discuss the role of nutrition and nutrients' deficiencies in the clinical setting of IBD, and to analyze efficacy and safety of the dietary interventions in patients with IBD

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Diet and Gut Health

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing worldwide. The most common form is represented by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) which has been shown to be linked to chronic inflammation. Notably, the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical player in regulating immune responses and inflammation. Indeed, intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition, can contribute to the initiation of chronic inflammation. Sterile chronic inflammation can occur, probably activated by the translocation of bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of Gram-negative microbiota, with the consequent induction of innate mucosal immunity, through the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Furthermore, the interaction between LPS and TLRs could enhance cancer progression. Recent research has shed light on the pivotal role of nutrition, as a modifiable risk factor, in PDAC immunological processes, particularly focusing on the immuno-modulatory effects of the gut microbiota. Different dietary regimens, fiber intake, immunonutrients, and antioxidants have the potential to either exacerbate or mitigate chronic inflammation, thereby influencing the pathogenesis and natural history of PDAC. These dietary components may affect the gut microbiota composition and, consequently, the level of inflammation, either promoting or protecting against PDAC. In this review of reviews, we discuss the modulatory role of nutrition and the gut microbiota in PDAC’s immunological processes to explore a translational therapeutic approach that could improve the survival and quality of life of these patients

Do nutritional factors interact with chronic musculoskeletal pain? : A systematic review

Dietary patterns may play an important role in musculoskeletal well-being. However, the link between dietary patterns, the components of patients' diet, and chronic musculoskeletal pain remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to systematically review the literature on the link between dietary patterns, the components of patients' diet and chronic musculoskeletal pain. This review was conducted following the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42018110782. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase online databases were searched. After screening titles and abstracts of 20,316 articles and full texts of 347 articles, 12 eligible articles were included in this review, consisting of nine experimental and three observational studies. Seven out of nine experimental studies reported a pain-relieving effect of dietary changes. Additionally, protein, fat, and sugar intake were found to be associated with pain intensity and pain threshold. In conclusion, plant-based diets might have pain relieving effects on chronic musculoskeletal pain. Patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis pain can show inadequate intake of calcium, folate, zinc, magnesium, and vitamin B6, whilst patients with fibromyalgia can show a lower intake of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamin A-E-K, folate, selenium, and zinc. Chronic pain severity also shows a positive relation with fat and sugar intake in osteoarthritis, and pain threshold shows a positive association with protein intake in fibromyalgia