1,384 research outputs found
Return words of linear involutions and fundamental groups
We investigate the natural codings of linear involutions. We deduce from the
geometric representation of linear involutions as Poincar\'e maps of measured
foliations a suitable definition of return words which yields that the set of
first return words to a given word is a symmetric basis of the free group on
the underlying alphabet . The set of first return words with respect to a
subgroup of finite index of the free group on is also proved to be a
symmetric basis of
Distance-regular Cayley graphs with small valency
We consider the problem of which distance-regular graphs with small valency
are Cayley graphs. We determine the distance-regular Cayley graphs with valency
at most , the Cayley graphs among the distance-regular graphs with known
putative intersection arrays for valency , and the Cayley graphs among all
distance-regular graphs with girth and valency or . We obtain that
the incidence graphs of Desarguesian affine planes minus a parallel class of
lines are Cayley graphs. We show that the incidence graphs of the known
generalized hexagons are not Cayley graphs, and neither are some other
distance-regular graphs that come from small generalized quadrangles or
hexagons. Among some ``exceptional'' distance-regular graphs with small
valency, we find that the Armanios-Wells graph and the Klein graph are Cayley
graphs.Comment: 19 pages, 4 table
K-orbit closures on G/B as universal degeneracy loci for flagged vector bundles with symmetric or skew-symmetric bilinear form
We use equivariant localization and divided difference operators to determine
formulas for the torus-equivariant fundamental cohomology classes of -orbit
closures on the flag variety , where G = GL(n,\C), and where is one
of the symmetric subgroups O(n,\C) or Sp(n,\C). We realize these orbit
closures as universal degeneracy loci for a vector bundle over a variety
equipped with a single flag of subbundles and a nondegenerate symmetric or
skew-symmetric bilinear form taking values in the trivial bundle. We describe
how our equivariant formulas can be interpreted as giving formulas for the
classes of such loci in terms of the Chern classes of the various bundles.Comment: Minor revisions and corrections suggested by referees. Final version,
to appear in Transformation Group
Coxeter group actions on the complement of hyperplanes and special involutions
We consider both standard and twisted action of a (real) Coxeter group G on
the complement M_G to the complexified reflection hyperplanes by combining the
reflections with complex conjugation. We introduce a natural geometric class of
special involutions in G and give explicit formulae which describe both actions
on the total cohomology H(M_G,C) in terms of these involutions. As a corollary
we prove that the corresponding twisted representation is regular only for the
symmetric group S_n, the Weyl groups of type D_{2m+1}, E_6 and dihedral groups
I_2 (2k+1) and that the standard action has no anti-invariants. We discuss also
the relations with the cohomology of generalised braid groups.Comment: 11 page
Specular sets
We introduce the notion of specular sets which are subsets of groups called
here specular and which form a natural generalization of free groups. These
sets are an abstract generalization of the natural codings of linear
involutions. We prove several results concerning the subgroups generated by
return words and by maximal bifix codes in these sets.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1405.352
Open group transformations within the Sp(2)-formalism
Previously we have shown that open groups whose generators are in arbitrary
involutions may be quantized within a ghost extended framework in terms of the
nilpotent BFV-BRST charge operator. Here we show that they may also be
quantized within an Sp(2)-frame in which there are two odd anticommuting
operators called Sp(2)-charges. Previous results for finite open group
transformations are generalized to the Sp(2)-formalism. We show that in order
to define open group transformations on the whole ghost extended space we need
Sp(2)-charges in the nonminimal sector which contains dynamical Lagrange
multipliers. We give an Sp(2)-version of the quantum master equation with
extended Sp(2)-charges and a master charge of a more involved form, which is
proposed to represent the integrability conditions of defining operators of
connection operators and which therefore should encode the generalized quantum
Maurer-Cartan equations for arbitrary open groups. General solutions of this
master equation are given in explicit form. A further extended Sp(2)-formalism
is proposed in which the group parameters are quadrupled to a supersymmetric
set and from which all results may be derived.Comment: 16 pages, Latexfil
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