Brain and Human Body Modeling

This open access book describes modern applications of computational human modeling with specific emphasis in the areas of neurology and neuroelectromagnetics, depression and cancer treatments, radio-frequency studies and wireless communications. Special consideration is also given to the use of human modeling to the computational assessment of relevant regulatory and safety requirements. Readers working on applications that may expose human subjects to electromagnetic radiation will benefit from this book’s coverage of the latest developments in computational modelling and human phantom development to assess a given technology’s safety and efficacy in a timely manner. Describes construction and application of computational human models including anatomically detailed and subject specific models; Explains new practices in computational human modeling for neuroelectromagnetics, electromagnetic safety, and exposure evaluations; Includes a survey of modern applications for which computational human models are critical; Describes cellular-level interactions between the human body and electromagnetic fields

Brain and Human Body Modeling

This open access book describes modern applications of computational human modeling with specific emphasis in the areas of neurology and neuroelectromagnetics, depression and cancer treatments, radio-frequency studies and wireless communications. Special consideration is also given to the use of human modeling to the computational assessment of relevant regulatory and safety requirements. Readers working on applications that may expose human subjects to electromagnetic radiation will benefit from this book’s coverage of the latest developments in computational modelling and human phantom development to assess a given technology’s safety and efficacy in a timely manner. Describes construction and application of computational human models including anatomically detailed and subject specific models; Explains new practices in computational human modeling for neuroelectromagnetics, electromagnetic safety, and exposure evaluations; Includes a survey of modern applications for which computational human models are critical; Describes cellular-level interactions between the human body and electromagnetic fields

Study of the Term Neonatal Brain Injury with combined Diffuse Optical Tomography and Electroencephalography

This thesis describes the application of combined diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and electroencephalography (EEG) in the investigation of neonatal term brain injury. With hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and perinatal stroke being the most frequent contributors to brain injury in the term neonatal population, the first part of the thesis focuses on the description and ongoing requirement for their further investigation. In continuation to that, the characteristics and unique properties of both DOT and EEG are described and explored. The combination of these two modalities was utilised in elucidating the relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral haemodynamics both in physiological processes as well as in disease, by the infant’s cot side. This work differs to previous studies using near-infrared technologies and EEG, as a denser whole head array was used, offering the potential of 3-dimensional image reconstruction of the cortical haemodynamic events in relation to electro-cortical activity. These methods were applied in the study of critically ill infants presenting with seizures in the first few days of life. The relevant results are presented in three separate chapters of the thesis. Distinct neurophysiological phenomena such as seizures and burst suppression were detected and studied in association to underlying HIE. On the grounds of a pre-existing pilot study of our research group, distinct prolonged de-oxygenated cortical areas were identified following electrical seizure activity. Further exploration of infants with seizures provided limited supporting evidence. The investigation of burst suppression in HIE led to the first ever identification of repeated, waveform, cortical haemodynamic events in response to bursts of electrical activity with some spatial correlation to regions of brain injury. Further analysis of the low frequencies within the diffuse optical signal in cases of perinatal stroke, showed a consistent interhemispheric difference between the healthy and stroke-affected brain regions. The limitations, prospects and conclusions are presented in the final chapter. The use of simultaneous DOT and EEG offers a unique neuro-monitoring and neuro-investigating tool in the neonatal intensive care environment, which is safe, portable, and cost-effective, Ongoing research is required for the exploration and development of the methodology and its potential diagnostic properties

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 118

This special bibliography lists 338 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in July 1973

The effect of decerebrate rigidity on intracranial pressure in man and animals

Patients with decerebrate rigidity frequently also show intracranial hypertension. The factors responsible for this effect and their inter -relationships were explored in cats and in patients with head injuries.Animals: The factors examined, separately and in combination, were elevation of central venous, intrathoracic, intra- abdominal and systemic arterial pressures. The baselines thus established were used for the investigation of the effects of these factors on the intracranial pressure (ICP) in cats which had been rendered decerebrate by focal stereotactic mesencephalic lesions.Little or no change occurred in the ICP when: 1) Rigidity was mainly unilateral. 2) Bilateral limb rigidity was extreme.Persistent elevation of ICP occurred when 1) Truncal rigidity resulted in the simultaneous elevation of the intrathoracic and intra- abdominal pressures 2) Elevation of the systemic arterial pressure occurred in the presence of defective cerebrovascular homeostasis.Human: The dynamics and management of the complex clinical problem posed by decerebrate rigidity were investigated in patients with head injuries who exhibited well -developed bi- lateral rigidity under conditions of altered cerebral elastance.Rigidity was quantified by measuring the resonant frequency of the wrist induced by a printed- circuit motor. The brain elastance, ICP, intrathoracic and blood pressures were measured throughout the study. The effect of pharmacological muscle paralysis on the ICP and rigidity was examined.It appeared that well- developed decerebrate rigidity increased the ICP. The relationship was direct; the greater the rigidity or cerebral elastance, the greater the rise in ICP and vice versa. The two factors mainly responsible were muscle hypertonicity and cerebral elastance. The rises in ICP were caused by the rigidity and although it may not always be possible to reduce the abnormally increased elastance, the rigidity can certainly be abolished. As long as the cerebral vascular homeostatic mechanisms were intact, spontaneous waning of the rigidity or its abolition by muscle relaxants returned the ICP to its previous resting level. Pancuronium produced much deeper and more lasting relaxation than either diazepam or chlorpromazine.During the period of mechanical ventilation, alterations in ICP were of prognostic value as regards the outcome of the injuries

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A cumulative index to the 1974 issues of a continuing bibliography

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in supplements 125 through 136 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A Continuing Bibliography. It includes three indexes--subject, personal author, and corporate source

A cumulative index to the 1977 issues of a continuing bibliography on aerospace medicine and biology

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in the Supplements 164 through 175 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A Continuing Bibliography. It includes three indexes-- subject, personal author, and corporate source

Aerospace medicine and biology: A cumulative index to the continuing bibliography of the 1973 issues

A cumulative index to the abstracts contained in Supplements 112 through 123 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology A Continuing Bibliography is presented. It includes three indexes: subject, personal author, and corporate source

New Insight into Cerebrovascular Diseases

“Brain circulation is a true road map that consists of large extended navigation territories and a number of unimagined and undiscovered routes.” Dr. Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi This book combines an update on the review of cerebrovascular diseases in the form of textbook chapters, which has been carefully reviewed by Dr. Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi, Drs. Rufai Ahmad and Auwal Abdullahi and Dr. Amit Agrawal, high-performance academic editors with extensive experience in neurodisciplines, including neurology, neurosurgery, neuroscience, and neuroradiology, covering the best standards of neurological practice involving basic and clinical aspects of cerebrovascular diseases. Each topic was carefully revised and prepared using smooth, structured vocabulary, plus superb graphics and scientific illustrations. In emphasizing the most common aspects of cerebrovascular diseases: stroke burden, pathophysiology, hemodynamics, diagnosis, management, repair, and healing, the book is comprehensive but concise and should become the standard reference guide for this neurological approach