A Systematic Literature Review to Understand Cross-organizational Relationship Management and Collaboration

An increasingly dynamic, unpredictable and challenging environment leads organizations to cross their own borders and establish partnerships to other organizations for remaining competitive. This cross-organizational relationship allows participating organizations to share resources with each other and collaborate to better handle an identified opportunity for joint work. However, besides having a mutual or compatible goal, it is common that these organizations face several challenges during the partnership. The present research aims to explore the cross-organizational relationship management. To this end, this paper outlines the systematic literature review performed to understand the collaboration and relationship establishment between different organizations and organize an ICT related body of knowledge about the topic. A discussion about the findings, challenges and open issues identified from the retrieved literature is also provided to guide further work

Impacts of national security and sustainable development, The: comparative study of shared protected areas

2012 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.National security and sustainable development paradigms shape national goals, priorities and policy in shared protected areas. The two paradigms define the physical, economic, social, and political infrastructure of shared protected areas through competing frameworks of national interests and environmental protections. This comparative study builds on international thinking about the relationship between sustainable development to answer the hypothesis that national security impacts most the environmental pillar of sustainable development. The research methodology is a triangulation of comparative document analysis with qualitative and quantitative interviews for a rich description of the two paradigms in two shared protected areas. Sustainable development is assessed in the four park conservation management plans using the Lockwood and Kothari traditional versus emergent sustainable development indicators as independent variables and the organizing framework. The impacts of national security doctrine, policy and projects are systematically assessed on sustainable development in the parks. This research formalizes one step toward the study of national security and sustainable development and the challenges of developing environmental protections in a national security environment

Knowledge for Governance

This open access book focuses on theoretical and empirical intersections between governance, knowledge and space from an interdisciplinary perspective. The contributions elucidate how knowledge is a prerequisite as well as a driver of governance efficacy, and conversely, how governance affects the creation and use of knowledge and innovation in geographical context. Scholars from the fields of anthropology, economics, geography, public administration, political science, sociology, and organization studies provide original theoretical discussions along these interdependencies. Moreover, a variety of empirical chapters on governance issues, ranging from regional and national to global scales and covering case studies in Australia, Europe, Latina America, North America and South Africa demonstrate that geography and space are not only important contexts for governance that affect the contingent outcomes of governance blueprints. Governance also creates spaces. It affects the geographical confines as well as the quality of opportunities and constraints that actors enjoy to establish legitimate and sustainable ways of social and environmental co-existence

G2G interaction model of information sharing among local agencies based on phenomenology approach: Dhi-qar province employees’ viewpoints

The exchange of information electronically has help local agencies to increase their productivity and performance. At the same time, it improves the process of policy-making by providing better public services to citizens. However, only a few studies that examine the factors influencing the electronic interaction among local agencies in developing countries, including in Iraq. In fact, government agencies usually rely on information provided by other government agencies, making the electronic interactions crucial for effective inter-organizational operations management in the government. This study aims to determine the factors affecting the interaction among local agencies in Dhi-Qar, Iraq. Thus, it proposes a government-to-government (G2G) interaction model among local agencies from the environmental, organizational, and technological contexts, using phenomenological approach based on the Diffusion of Innovation and Social Exchange theories. Data were collected in two phases. First, a series of interviews with local egovernment employees were carried out to discover the factors that influence the G2G interaction in Dhi-Qar, Iraq. Later, another series of semi-structured interviews focusing on extracting the main issues that influence G2G interaction was followed. The collected data were validated through triangulation and member checking. A case study was used to confirm the findings. The study has discovered the factors that influence the electronic interaction among local agencies in Dhi-Qar. The factors are benefits, compatibility, complexity, costs, information security, inter-agency trust, internal resistance to change, information technology (IT) capability, legislation, physical security, and top management support. Based on these factors, the government-to-government interaction model (G2GIM) is proposed. This model can be applied to different local agencies in implementing e-government projects

Social management and iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: the use of icts on democratic participation at Universidade Federal do Tocantins

Social Management is an original Brazilian concept still under construction that, among other aspirations, aims to broaden the participation and popular engagement in the decisions that influence the lives of everybody. Studies on social management in Brazil have been expanding since 1990. In 2007 the National Network of Researchers in Social Management (RGS) organized the first National Meeting of Researchers in Social Management (ENAPEGS). This field of knowledge envisages building a new public sphere that aims to bring people and politics together in a way that they can debate and generate collective decisions about the needs and future of the community. Iceland's popular constitution is an innovative process that brings new possibilities for the development of democracy. The Icelandic government recently, between 2009 and 2013, led the process of creating the first crowd-sourced constitution of the world. Immersed in a context of the global monetary crisis generated by the collapse of America's major financial institutions in 2008, following the biggest banking collapse of the century, known to the Icelanders as 'The Crash', a bill was submitted to the parliament requiring an advisory Constitutional Assembly to be instated. To ensure participation, the assembly used social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Flicker and YouTube to conduct discussions between the people of Iceland and the Council. Historically, the process of drafting a constitution never included direct popular participation. Although the process was not ratified like the new constitution of Iceland, it served as model that spread by the world. Considering this context, the formulation of a crowdsourced constitution in Iceland will be studied on the perspective of Social Management, begin this a case study, and also a qualitative research. This work aims to strengthen this perspective from the practical experience of the process of drafting the Constitution of Iceland. The analysis of this process enables the approximation between Social Management and Icelandic Crowdsourced Constitution process and as well to present Social Management as an alternative capable of ensuring participation and emancipation, proposing through this study, the adopting a model, based on the one used during the creating processes of Iceland’s Crowdsourced Constitution, to be adopted and used in the CONDIR from Universidade Federal do Tocantins in order to improve democratic decision-making process by means of participation from all academic community.Gestão Social é um conceito original do Brasil ainda em construção que, dentre outras aspirações, visa a ampliar a participação e engajamento popular nas decisões que influenciam a vida de todos. Os estudos sobre Gestão social no Brasil vêm se expandindo desde 1990. Em 2007 a Rede Nacional de Pesquisadores em Gestão Social (RGS) organizou o primeiro Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores em Gestão Social (ENAPEGS). Este campo do conhecimento vislumbra construir uma nova esfera pública que tem por objetivo aproximar o povo e a política de uma forma que este possa debater e gerar decisões coletivas a respeito das necessidades e futuro da comunidade. A constituição popular da Islândia constitui-se em um processo inovador que traz novas possibilidades ao desenvolvimento da democracia. O governo da Islândia recentemente, entre 2009 e 2013, conduziu o processo de criação da primeira constituição do mundo criada pela população. Imersa em um contexto de crise financeira global gerada pelo colapso das grandes instituições financeiras da América, em 2008, depois do maior colapso bancário do século, conhecido pelos islandeses como ‘The crash’, um projeto de lei foi enviado ao parlamento requisitando que uma Assembleia Constitucional consultiva fosse instaurada. Esta, para assegurar a participação usou mídias sociais como Facebook, Twitter, Flicker e YouTube para conduzir as discussões entre as pessoas da Islândia e o Conselho. Historicamente, o processo de redação de uma constituição nunca incluiu a participação popular direta. Ainda que o processo não foi ratificado como a nova constituição da Islândia, serviu de modelo que se espalhou pelo mundo. Neste contexto, o processo de formulação da Constituição popular da Islândia será estudado na perspectiva da Gestão Social, tratando-se assim de um estudo de caso, e ainda de um trabalho qualitativo. Adiante, este trabalho visa fortalecer esta perspectiva a partir da experiência prática do processo de elaboração da Constituição popular da Islândia. A Análise deste processo demonstrou que pode-se aproximar de fato a Gestão Social ao processo de elaboração da Constituição Popular da Islândia e ainda a apresentar a Gestão Social como uma alternativa possível capaz de assegurar a participação e emancipação, propondo por meio deste estudo a adoção de um modelo de participação a ser adotado e utilizado no CONDIR da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, afim de aprimorar o processo decisório democrático por meio da participação de toda a comunidade acadêmica

Relationship Building and Unethical Behavior in the Hospitality Industry

Relationship building is a fundamental component to develop successful businesses, although corrupt purchasing executives pay bribes in excess of $1.5 trillion dollars annually. The participants for this case study consisted of 10 national sales managers who have successfully implemented strategies to train suppliers in relationship building in a hotel in Greensville, South Carolina. The resource dependence theory grounded the study. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies a hotel owner in Greenville, South Carolina used to train managers on relationship building. Collection of data included 8 semi-structured telephone interviews and 2 video interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, archived data, and field notes. Using a modified van Kaam method and methodological triangulation, 3 prominent themes were identified that included the appropriateness of relationship building activities to collect data critical to negotiations, the need to clarify unclear expectations, and developing an increased awareness of the gray areas for possible boundary violations between the vendor and the customer. The data from the results indicated the need for increased training to reduce the number of instances of unethical behavior perceived in relationship building activities. The implications for positive social change include the potential to increase the awareness of ethical issues in multicultural business settings on the part of national sales managers, which could decrease the rate of unethical behavior in the hospitality industry

Inter-agency Cooperation and Good Tax Governance in Africa

In 2015, the Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU) and the African Tax Institute at the University of Pretoria launched a project to identify the links between corruption, money laundering and tax crimes in Africa. The project promotes the concepts of good tax governance and the importance to economic development of a tax system that is transparent and free of corruption. The project explores how law enforcement agencies and tax authorities can best cooperate to counter corruption and bribery. The project was initially aimed at three focus countries, namely, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa, but soon was extended to other African countries. This is a joint initiative with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and is also supported by the World Bank. This book brings together a series of background papers prepared for the Conference on Inter-Agency Co-operation and Good Tax Governance in Africa held at the University of Pretoria in July 2016. After a rigorous double peer-review process, the papers were revised by the authors. We express our gratitude to and acknowledge the services of the following peer reviewers: Tom Balco; Carika Fritz; Leon Gerber; Willem Jacobs; Benjamin Kujinga; Thabo Legwaila; Annet Oguttu; Dirk Scholtz; David Solomon; and Xeniya Yeroshenko. Finally, we express our sincere gratitude to all the research and administrative assistants who contributed to the Good Tax Governance in Africa Project. This book pays tribute to their efforts. Jeffrey Owens, Rick McDonell, Riël Franzsen and Jude Amos (Vienna and Pretoria, November 2017

Corporate corruption: a review and research agenda

Given its extremely negative impact, it is not surprising that there is extensive literature focused on understanding and reducing corruption. However, the existing academic work focuses largely on corruption in government. Yet, corporations play a key role in much of the corruption that occurs in society and are important contexts for corruption themselves; they are also very different from governments and, we argue, deserve focused study and the development of a coherent theory of corporate corruption. In this article, we define corporate corruption and argue that management researchers are uniquely positioned to contribute to the development of a theory of corporate corruption and the development of solutions to prevent it. We then examine the current state of research on this important topic and propose a framework for organizing research on corporate corruption into four perspectives: corporate corruption as rational action, corporate corruption as institutionalized practice, corporate corruption as cultural norm, and corporate corruption as moral failure. We go on to propose a research agenda for management scholars in some traditional areas of management research to take this important but under-researched topic forward, as well as highlight some of the methodological challenges that management researchers face in conducting research in corporate corruption

Social Capital Networks of Media NGOs in Peru: A Public Relations Approach to Explicating Relationships in Civil Society

Civil society is created and sustained through the relationships of interconnected organizations such as NGOs and donors. Social capital is created via these relationships, providing civil society actors with the tangible and intangible resources to accomplish objectives not easily accomplished alone. Public relations as a communication function dedicated to the management and maintenance of relationships is thus essential to the creation and preservation of a civil society. The purpose of this dissertation was to study the relationships in a sector of civil society to discover how relationship quality, as measured through variables of social capital and relationship management, affect the overall ability of civil society actors to gain influence and engage in collective action. In so doing, the research examined the case of the media development sector in Peru. Through expert interviews, organizational profiles, and a social network analysis survey, the research identified that while the existing relationships may be strong from a social capital and public relations perspective, the outcome of these relationships are not necessarily indicative of a thriving civil society. The research also determined that quality organization-public relationships are associated with positions of network centrality and facilitators of information flow. In so doing, it has helped to position network centrality and other measures as key metrics for the evaluation of the outcomes of organization- public relationships. From these results, the study makes contributions to the utilization of network analysis as an evaluative tool in public relations as well as the role of public relations in facilitating a civil society

The EU\u27s Impact on Managing Levels of Corruption in the Post-Communist World

This study examines the role of the European Union (EU) in the process of managing corruption in the post-communist world. Throughout the post-communist transitions, which began in 1989, the EU has been consistent in putting a strong emphasis on the problem of corruption. As part of the transitions, there were many attempts at abating corruption domestically, most of which were expressed in the creation of institutions and legislation. Yet such attempts had varying effectiveness, and outcomes were not always expected nor predicted by scholars and policy-makers. Internationally, the EU expected that conditionality, which offered EU membership in exchange for compliance with EU- promoted anti-corruption norms, to be an effective mechanism to address high levels of corruption in the post-communist world. Yet, evidence demonstrates that membership incentive did not always correlate with strong performance. Countries such as Georgia, without the prospect of membership, often outperformed countries that had a membership incentive in addition to strong sanctions and conditions. This study sets out to explain these puzzles and to identify the conditions under which the EU had the most leverage over domestic anti-corruption reforms. Based on a comparison of EU\u27s efforts of three countries - Bulgaria, Georgia, and Montenegro - and employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative data gathering techniques, the study makes two arguments. First, anti-corruption institutions were more successful in managing corruption where civil society was included in the process of institution-building, and later in the process of monitoring and reforming these institutions. Second, the study argues that the EU had more leverage over domestic anti-corruption reforms where it engaged non-state actors (non-governmental agencies) in a political dialogue and where a process of social learning started before membership conditionality. When this condition was present, the EU created a like-minded domestic partner capable of championing EU-promoted norms and supplying the EU with feedback and knowledge necessary to adapt conditions, incentives, and sanction to the local context and better address domestic corruption. The study contributes to our broader knowledge of post-communist transitions, Europeanization, and the scope and limits of international organizations\u27 impact on domestic politics. In examining the development of civil society, it explains the role that civil society played in post-communist transitions. In examining the interaction of domestic civil society and international organizations, it contributes to the general understanding of the mechanisms and extent to which external actors can impact complex domestic issues