Biometric Systems Interaction Assessment: The State of the Art

The design and implementation of effective and efficient biometric systems presents a series of challenges to information technology (IT) designers to ensure robust performance. One of the most important factors across biometric systems, aside from algorithmic matching ability, is the human interaction influence on performance. Changes in biometric system paradigms have motivated further testing methods, especially within mobile environments, where the interaction with the device has fewer environmental constraints, whichmay severely affect system performance. Testing methods involve the need for reflecting on the influence of user-system interaction on the overall system performance in order to provide information for design and testing. This paper reflects on the state of the art of biometric systems interaction assessment, leading to a comprehensive document of the relevant research and standards in this area. Furthermore, the current challenges are discussed and thus we provide a roadmap for the future of biometrics systems interaction research

Analysis and Redesign Proposal for the Integration Systems and Technical Panels of Operating Room

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Biomèdica. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2022-2023. Tutor/Director: Trias Gumbau, GerardThe increasing number of surgical procedures emphasizes the importance of operating rooms in hospitals. They are currently experiencing a digital revolution, reflecting the future direction of this field. The correct configuration of all systems of operating rooms is essential for enhancing surgical efficiency and reducing costs. Technical panels, also known as control panels, play a vital role in configuring operating rooms. These panels have evolved from basic modular systems to more interactive and user-friendly devices. During this study, the technical control panels in operating rooms and the existing solutions in the market are evaluated. From a theoretical perspective, the systems that need to be integrated and how they are integrated through a central integration server are being studied. On the other hand, a semi-functional mockup of the graphical user interface has been created using the Figma tool. The project includes the new way of interacting with the users and the Functional Plan of the user interface. Additionally, a demonstration video has been included to assess the user experience

A Framework for Biometric and Interaction Performance Assessment of Automated Border Control Processes

Automated Border Control (ABC) in airports and land crossings utilize automated technology to verify passenger identity claims. Accuracy, interaction stability, user error, and the need for a harmonized approach to implementation are required. Two models proposed in this paper establish a global path through ABC processes. The first, the generic model, maps separately the enrolment and verification phases of an ABC scenario. This allows a standardization of the process and an exploration of variances and similarities between configurations across implementations. The second, the identity claim process, decomposes the verification phase of the generic model to an enhanced resolution of ABC implementations. Harnessing a human-biometric sensor interaction framework allows the identification and quantification of errors within the system's use, attributing these errors to either system performance or human interaction. Data from a live operational scenario are used to analyze behaviors, which aid in establishing what effect these have on system performance. Utilizing the proposed method will aid already established methods in improving the performance assessment of a system. Through analyzing interactions and possible behavioral scenarios from the live trial, it was observed that 30.96% of interactions included some major user error. Future development using our proposed framework will see technological advances for biometric systems that are able to categorize interaction errors and feedback appropriately

User Experience Design in an Axis Camera Setup Interface

In a world where the UX-standard is rising from the use of well-developed everyday products, better UX Design is becoming more and more expected of all products within the IT-industry. It can not only be argued that an investment in UX Design is critical for the future position on the surveillance camera industry, but also required to meet requirements of the non-experts installing the camera. UX Design could be also be an economical profit as it will lower the need of support and education, while also increasing sales through branding. We have created an installation wizard through several iterations. With a thorough background study we have learned how to use established UX Design methods, like for example usability testing, to the fullest. These iterations have created a total of four design prototypes where every step of the wizard has been designed by paper, evolved to a mid fidelity Balsamiq Mockups prototype and through the process become a mature and clickable high fidelity prototype. The prototypes have been made using established design rules, latest design trends and Axis Communications’ new graphic identity. With instant feedback, minimalistic design, less technical terms, smart guessing and automated settings we created a more efficient way to install an Axis camera while also encouraging the user to make changes to and explore settings.I en värld där UX-standarden höjs av att använda välutvecklade vardagsprodukter, förväntas det bättre och bättre UX Design av alla produkter inom IT-branschen. Man skulle kunna säga att UX Design inte bara är avgörande för den framtida positionen på övervakningskamerabranschen, utan även ett krav för att möta efterfrågan av att det inte längre endast är experter som installerar kameror. UX Design kan också skapa en ekonomisk vinst eftersom det sänker behovet av support och utbildning samtidigt som det ökar försäljningen genom att stärka varumärket. Vi har skapat en installationswizard genom flera iterationer. Med en grundlig bakgrundsstudie har vi lärt oss att använda etablerade UX Design-metoder, som till exempel användningstestning. Dessa iterationer har lett till totalt fyra designprototyper där varje steg av wizarden har blivit designad på papper, utvecklats till en mid fidelity Balsamiq Mockups-prototyp och genom processen blivit en välutvecklad och klickbar high fidelity-prototyp. Prototyperna har skapats genom att använda etablerade designregler, de senaste designtrenderna och Axis Communications nya grafiska profil. Med direkt feedback, minimalistisk design, färre tekniska termer, smarta förslag och automatiska inställningar har vi skapat ett mer effektivt sätt att installera en Axis-kamera som även uppmuntrar användaren att göra ändringar samt utforska inställningarna

Human-Robot Collaboration in Automotive Industry

Human–Robot Collaboration is a new trend in the field of industrial and service. Application of human-robot-collaboration techniques in automotive industries has many advantages on productivity, production quality and workers’ ergonomic; however, workers’ safety aspects play the vital role during this collaboration. Previously, the machine is allowed to be at automatic work only if operators are out of its workspace but today collaborative robots provide the opportunity to establish the human robot cooperation. In this thesis, efforts have been made to present innovative solutions for using human-robot collaboration to develop a manufacturing cell. These solutions are not only used to facilitate the operator working with collaborative robots but also consider the worker safety and ergonomic. After proposing different solutions for improving the safety of operations during the collaboration with industrial robots, the efficiency of the solutions is tested in both laboratory and virtual environments. In this research, firstly, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used as a potential decision maker to prove the efficiency of human-robot collaboration system over the manual one. In the second step, detailed task decomposition has been done using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) to allocate operational tasks to human and robot reducing the chance of duty interference. In the International Organization of Standardization's technical specification 15066 on collaborative robot safety four methodologies have been proposed to reduce the risk of injury in the work area. The four methods implied in ISO/TS 15066 are safety-rated monitored stop (SMS), hand-guided (HG), speed and separation monitoring (SSM) and power force limiting (PFL). SMS method reduces the risk of operator’s injury by stopping the robot motion whenever the operator is in the collaborative workspace. HG method reduces the chance of operator’s injury by providing the possibility of having control over the robot motion at all times in the workstation using emergency system or enabling device. The SSM method determines the minimum protective distance between a robot and an operator in the collaborative workspace, below which the robot will stop any kind of motion and PFL method reduces the momentum of a robot in a way that contact between an operator and the robot will not cause any injury. After determining the requirements and specifications of hybrid assembly cell, few of the above-mentioned methods for evaluating the safety of human-robot-collaboration procedure have been tasted in the laboratory environment. Due to the lack of safety camera (sensors) in the laboratory workstation, the ISO methods such as SSM, that needs sensors in the workstation, have been modeled in virtual environment to evaluate different scenario of human-robot-interaction and feasibility of the assembly process. Implementing different scenarios of ISO methods in hybrid assembly workstation not only improves the operator safety who is in interaction with the collaborative robot but also improves the worker ergonomic during the performing of repetitive heavy tasks

Human Machine Interaction

In this book, the reader will find a set of papers divided into two sections. The first section presents different proposals focused on the human-machine interaction development process. The second section is devoted to different aspects of interaction, with a special emphasis on the physical interaction

Writing for mobile media: The influences of text, digital design and psychological characteristics on the cognitive load of the mobile user

Text elements on the mobile smartphone interface make a significant contribution to the user’s interaction experience. In combination with other visual design features, these words curate the path of the mobile user on a journey through the information to satisfy a specific task. This study analyses the elements that influence the interpretation process and optimum presentation of information on mobile media. I argue that effective digital writing contributes to reducing the cognitive load experienced by the mobile user. The central discussion focuses on the writing of text for this medium, which I suggest forges an entirely unique narrative. The optimum writing approach is based on the multi-dimensional characteristics of hypertext, which allow the writer to facilitate the journey without the user losing control of the interpretation process. This study examines the relationship between the writer, the reader and the text, with a unique perspective on the mobile media writer, who is tasked with achieving balance between the functionality and humanity of digital interaction. To explore influences on the development of the relevant writing techniques, I present insights into the distinctive characteristics of the mobile smartphone device, with specific focus on the screen and keyboard. I also discuss the unique characteristics of the mobile user and show how the visual design of the interface is integral to the writing of text for this medium. Furthermore, this study explores the role, skills, and processes of the current and future digital writer, within the backdrop of incessant technological advancement and revolutionary changes in human-computer behaviour

Enhancing access to socioeconomic development information using mobile phone applications in rural Zimbabwe: the case of Matabeleland South Province.

Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.Mobile phone access has grown exponentially, transforming access to information and communication in Africa. Mobile phone penetration has increased dramatically across the urban-rural, rich-poor and literate-illiterate divides, which other technologies failed to bridge. The number of mobile phone subscriptions grew astronomically, from less than two million in 1998 to more than 620 million subscribers in Africa (Carmody, 2012). Internet users grew 85-fold from 4.5m users in 2000 to over 388m users in Africa at a rate higher than any other region (Internetworldstas, 2018). Global mobile app downloads have reached 175 billion in 2017, generating more than $85 billion, yet most African countries possess an insignificant share of this, due to low literacy levels, low economic opportunities and an infrastructure that is still developing (The Guardian, 2014; Perez, 2018). The growing presence of mobile phones must be harnessed to enhance access to socioeconomic information, in order to improve standards of life in the global south. Scholars and communication enthusiasts have argued that simply providing access to the internet, without considering the relevance of content, will not change the fortunes of rural communities (Internet.org, 2014; GSMA, 2015). There is the need to provide localised and relevant content – such as local news, market prices and bus timetables – to these communities. This research resonates with Goal 9 of the Sustainable Development Goals, which seeks to increase access to information and communication technology, and provide universal and affordable access to the internet in least developed countries by 2020 (UN, 2016). In Zimbabwe, radio and television are basic technologies used for disseminating socioeconomic information, yet most of the rural communities have no access to radio and television signals, 37 years after independence. Rural mobile phone ownership is about 80%, and broadband penetration is 46.5% (ITU, 2013). In addition, Zimbabwe’s average rural literacy is about 90%. These two factors – high rural literacy levels and high rural mobile phone ownership – motivated the researcher to develop a mobile phone application prototype that could be utilised by rural communities to enhance their access to socioeconomic development information that could, in turn, anchor sustainable development. The mobile phone application prototype has the potential to provide a new platform for accessing socioeconomic development information in the rural areas of Zimbabwe, including information on agriculture, health, community activities, education and the markets, plus local and national news. These can all promote sustainable development. The study followed a seven-cycle design science research methodology, from problem identification to communicating the utility of the aertefact which guided the development of the mobile phone application (Hevner, 2007). The development of the prototype followed a user-centred design, as well user experience, where high-fidelity prototypes were presented to participants selected through a random sample to be part of the development process. This process is iterative, incorporating user feedback and redesign of the prototype until the users and developers agree on the design. After designing the prototype, participants were randomly selected to evaluate the mobile phone application prototype using an adapted TAM2, whose main constructs relate to perceived usefulness and ease of use (Davis, 1989)