19 research outputs found
A prior case study of natural language processing on different domain
In the present state of digital world, computer machine do not understand the humanâs ordinary language. This is the great barrier between humans and digital systems. Hence, researchers found an advanced technology that provides information to the users from the digital machine. However, natural language processing (i.e. NLP) is a branch of AI that has significant implication on the ways that computer machine and humans can interact. NLP has become an essential technology in bridging the communication gap between humans and digital data. Thus, this study provides the necessity of the NLP in the current computing world along with different approaches and their applications. It also, highlights the key challenges in the development of new NLP model
Theory and Applications for Advanced Text Mining
Due to the growth of computer technologies and web technologies, we can easily collect and store large amounts of text data. We can believe that the data include useful knowledge. Text mining techniques have been studied aggressively in order to extract the knowledge from the data since late 1990s. Even if many important techniques have been developed, the text mining research field continues to expand for the needs arising from various application fields. This book is composed of 9 chapters introducing advanced text mining techniques. They are various techniques from relation extraction to under or less resourced language. I believe that this book will give new knowledge in the text mining field and help many readers open their new research fields
LETs and NESTs:voices, views and vignettes
This book is a collection of essays written by teachers and academics working and researching in contexts where Native English-Speaking Teachers (NESTs) are employed and work on a daily basis with Local English Teachers (LETs)
Languages and the market: a ReCLes.pt selection of international perspectives and approaches
ReCLes.pt â the Association of Language Centres in Higher Education in Portugal â was honoured to host the ReCLes.pt 2014 International Conference on Languages and the Market: Competitiveness and Employability at the Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies (ESHTE â Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo de Portugal). This topic is pivotal for the development and improvement of specific language skills that serve different areas in the labour market. Indeed, according to the report Languages for Jobs: Providing multilingual communication skills for the labour market, a report set up under the Education and Training 2020 framework, language learning should be âbetter geared to professional contexts and the needsâ of the job market since doing so will then benefit not only learners but also âthose seeking to employ people who are well-trained and properly qualified to assume their professional responsibilitiesâ (2011: 4).
Although the working group did include representatives from Italy and Ireland, it did not include Spain or Portugal, meaning that only two of the five most troubled countries in terms of their employment and economic situations contributed to the final report. This lack of representation motivated, in part, the conference theme for the ReCLes.pt 2014 International Conference, with the dual need for ever-improving research results for language teaching and the increasing relevance of language learning at a time of staggering austerity and rising rates of youth unemployment. Indeed, the ability to speak a number of foreign languages not only generates economic benefits and fosters employability but also promotes the mobility of professionals and diverse business activities, enabling companies to perform successfully on the global stage.
From the confluence of educators, researchers and representatives from the business world debating languages as competitive assets in professional contexts, a selection of authors were invited to publish their papers in this volume. The collection comprises eleven relevant papers in Portuguese and in English divided in five topics: Languages, Culture and Employability; Languages and Technology; Languages and New Technologies; Languages for Tourism Purposes; and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL).
On the topic of Languages, Culture and Employability, Monika Hrebackovaâs article on âIntercultural Communicative Competence and the Management Dimension of Cultureâ explores the impact of intercultural contexts on communication competencies in a foreign language, specifically English. The author describes the clear competitive advantage of intercultural competence in the corporate sector, covering perceptions of stereotypes, time and negotiating as well as issues of hierarchy, individualism and indulgency, among others. She brings her personal experience as a Czech to her outline of Czech cultural values to determine sources of cultural clashes and suggest some strategies for applying intercultural competence in management situations.
On the same topic, Abdelaziz Kesbiâs âForeign Language Mastery and Glocal Employabilityâ reflects on the linguistic map of Morocco and the functional specializations of each language of the countryâs patent multilingualism to determine the economic relevance of teaching their various foreign languages for the global market. This analysis is made within the context Moroccan language planning policies, concerning Arabization, Arabic and Amazigh as well as the status of French and English. Kesbi concludes with the proposal of English as a lingua franca to support the countryâs most recent progressive free trade agreements.
On the topic Languages and Technologies, the volume offers five articles, the first of which is âThe Status of EFL Teaching in Moroccan Vocational Schools: A case study at the MeknĂšs School of Technologyâ, Mohamed El Kandoussi argues the inadequacy of the linguistic competence of recent graduates and their challenges in the labour market. His research is based on a case study of local English language courses to ascertain the compatibility of the course content with the studentsâ vocational orientations while uncovering teachersâ attitudes and opinions towards a number of pedagogical practices, including the corporate culture of their school, course material, the studentsâ needs for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) versus general English and the perceived need for further teacher training.
In line with technical concerns for future Engineers, Milan Smutnyâs article on âThe Language of Science and Technology: Linguistics as a part of a multidisciplinary study programâ examines terminology, especially the formation of adjectives using premodification to effectively and precisely communicate within a specific discourse community. The author provides examples of the shared profession knowledge as part of the language of Science and Technology so that English language teachers can better understand the ways specific terminology is created as a precise description of reality in the daily professional lives of Electrical Engineers.
Another contribution involving new technologies is by Maria de Lurdes Martins, Gillian Moreira and AntĂłnio Moreira on âAprendizagem dialĂłgica, dialĂ©tica e autĂȘntica da lĂngua inglesa com recurso Ă Web 2.0â, where the authors discuss the open, participatory and social nature of Web 2.0 and the challenges it brings to foreign language classes. This paper, which describes the design and implementation of an action research project in English language courses, focuses on the interactional tasks that were implemented using Web 2.0 tools and their results, which led to the creation and maintenance of dialogic processes for the production of collaborative outputs through an active involvement of students in solving authentic activities, while developing their capabilities to manage individual and collaborative learning processes.
Luisa Salvati and Luana Cosenzaâs article on âTeaching Foreign Languages for Specific Purposes in Mobile Learning for the Internationalization of SMEsâ reflects on the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as enablers of foreign language learning and facilitators of internationalization. Their paper focuses specifically on the results of LSECON, a project that dealt with the implementation of language courses to support SMEs in the Tuscany region of Italy.
To conclude the technologies section, the volume offers the results of a joint project that has dealt with working across cultures in tandem-learning situations albeit in a readily available online source, presented in Regina MĂŒgge and MarĂa del Carmen Arau Ribeiroâs article on âLanguage Learning with the SEAGULL Tandem Databaseâ, which delves into this rich European Union-funded project, an acronym for Smart Educational Autonomy by Guided Language Learning. The result of collaboration between 18 partner institutes from 11 countries, SEAGULL provides language learning material for 13 languages with a number of special online features. This tool for tandem partners who aim to continue working together after their first exchange offers linguistic support, suggested issues for discussion and a myriad of cultural information about the countries involved in the SEAGULL project. The authors provide a guided visit of the wealth of material available at http://SEAGULL-tandem.eu/ that can be easily accessed by teachers and students alike.
On the topic of Languages for Tourism Purposes, Gisela Soares and Teresa Pataco examine the specificities of language learning in the hospitality sector, namely in the areas of catering and restaurant service. In ââEu nem sei o que Ă© um badejo em PortuguĂȘs!â: um projeto de desenvolvimento de vocabulĂĄrio especĂfico em lĂngua inglesa para a indĂșstria hoteleiraâ, the authors reflect on the teaching methodologies and results of an interdisciplinary project developed by higher education students in TV Cooking Show, an English language course that aims to develop the specific vocabulary of students through research and task-based activities which enhance learner autonomy.
In the following article by MarĂa del Carmen Arau Ribeiro and Florbela Rodrigues, these researchers consider the plethora of materials available from Tourism Marketing as an authentic source for teaching English, Spanish, Portuguese and French in higher education, drawing on commercial goods and promotional material on the respective countries to enhance intercultural awareness and to practice language skills based on maximizing communication and theories of visualization. The relevant and timely teaching strategies in their article, âMaking Tourism Marketing Work for You in the FL Classroomâ cover, among others, the value of fostering positive attitudes toward error in foreign language use, problem-centeredness, and motivation. The authors find that, while simultaneously promoting student strategies for developing skills in global effectiveness in their future professions, discerning teachers can take steps to ensure that language users are immersed in a graphic and semiotic richness of cultural and linguistic messages.
The final topic in the volume is dedicated to Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), beginning with an article by Margarida Coelho on âScaffolding Strategies in CLIL Classes â supporting learners towards autonomyâ, in which she deftly attributes scaffolding and scaffolding strategies the key roles in CLIL teaching. She presents a brief overview of the origin of the concept as a teaching strategy, focusing on some recent studies, and systematizes the most relevant approaches and conceptual frameworks to scaffolding presented in those studies. As a conclusion, she argues for a broader, more extensive, continuous and innovative use of different scaffolding strategies in CLIL classes as an effective means to foster learner autonomy and progressively build their confidence in using a FL language for effectively dealing with content.
The volume then concludes with âThe State of the ReCLes.pt CLIL Training Projectâ, by MarĂa del Carmen Arau Ribeiro, Ana Gonçalves, Manuel Moreira da Silva, Margarida Morgado and Margarida Coelho, which provides an update to the developments in research and publications in the national project, from a collaboratively written book to numerous articles, presentations and posters, culminating in first place at the friendly competition in the strand From research to practice at the XIV CercleS International Conference on Enhancing Learners' Creative and Critical Thinking: The Role of University Language Centres in September 2016.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Negotiating diasporic mobilities and becomings: interactions and practices of Europeans of Moroccan descent on holiday in Morocco
In recent years, the annual summer journey of Moroccan families from Europe towards âhomeâ has become a state-acknowledged event as their arrivals
number in the millions. These holidays serve an important role in molding ideas
and practices of âMoroccannessâ for post-migrant generation diasporic visitors, as it
is during this time that those of Moroccan descent raised in Europe have the most
exposure to Morocco in situ â to language, community and space as they are
practiced within the territorial boundaries of the nation â instead of their habitually
practiced ways of being Moroccan (or not-being Moroccan) elsewhere.
Using an approach based in linguistic anthropology alongside a
geographical consideration of embodiment and mobilities, this thesis focuses on
communicative and consumption practices of such individuals during their visits to
Morocco. I traveled with participants, observing and recording interactions amongst
diasporic visitors and community members resident in Morocco, and engaging with
them in their practices of touristic leisure consumption. Thinking about ideas of
âMoroccannessâ as a node in assemblage, unfixed yet specific, I demonstrate how
their communicative and consumption practices shape an evolving sense of what it
means to be âMoroccanâ for diasporic visitors. Their ideas of âMoroccannessâ, which
take shape both as rooted in diasporic connection and as touristic appreciation
through consumption, resonate with the sense of âbeing Moroccanâ during their
holidays and when they return âhomeâ to Europe. Yet, their diasporic orientation
towards Morocco as a place of leisure consumption has ramifications on the
relationship between future diasporic generations and the territory as âhomelandâ.
My main theoretical contributions are: reimagining âdiasporicâ in materialist
terms, as an action instead of a state of being; and reimagining âhybridityâ as a set of
interactions responding to multiple attractors in multiplicity, rather than an unstable
condition of being neither one, nor the other