Energy cooperation in Southern Africa: What role for Norway?

This Working Paper contains a full report from a Seminar on Regional Energy Co-operation, Luanda, 12-14 February 2002. Norwegian involvement in the energy sector in Southern Africa is considerable. Energy is a major area in Norwegian co-operation and includes a number of countries within SADC. There has been rapid change in the sector, which has moved from being an infrastructure sector to a commodity production sector. Also, the ongoing institutional changes in SADC will have an effect on its relation to energy. The donors' role must change accordingly. Important objectives of the seminar were to discuss the changes in the sector in the region and to improve the level of information in order to make better decisions.

Energy Cooperation in Battery-Free Wireless Communications with Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting techniques are becoming a potential method to power battery-free wireless networks. In RF energy harvesting communications, energy cooperation enables shaping and optimization of the energy arrivals at the energy-receiving node to improve the overall system performance. In this paper, we proposed an energy cooperation scheme that enables energy cooperation in battery-free wireless networks with RF harvesting. We first study the battery-free wireless network with RF energy harvesting then state the problem that optimizing the system performance with limited harvesting energy through new energy cooperation protocol. Finally, from the extensive simulation results, our energy cooperation protocol performs better than the original battery-free wireless network solution.特

Turkey's relations and energy cooperation with the BESC

Turkey is conducting an increasingly active energy diplomacy and in order to understand the role and strategies of Ankara in energy geopolitics, it is important to apprehend Turkey's behaviours at international level. In this respect, Turkey's energy ties with international (energy) organizations have key importance. Hence, this paper seeks to analyze the energy relationship between Ankara and the BSEC. Turkey attends activities of the organization in order to increase its visibility at international level, become a leader in the Black Sea region, and boost its political and economic ties with member states. However, due to the limited effectiveness of the organization in general and in the field of energy in particular, its contribution to the Turkish energy sector has remained modest

On Information and Energy Cooperation in Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio

This paper considers the cooperation between primary and secondary users at information and energy levels when both users are energy harvesting nodes. In particular, a secondary transmitter helps relaying the primary message, and in turn, gains the spectrum access as a reward. Also, the primary transmitter supplies energy to the secondary transmitter if the latter is energy-constrained, which facilitates an uninterrupted cooperation. We address this two-level cooperation over a finite horizon with the finite battery constraint at the secondary transmitter. While promising the rate-guaranteed service to both primary and secondary users, we aim to maximize the primary rate. We develop an iterative algorithm that obtains the optimal offline power policies for primary and secondary users. To acquire insights about the structure of the optimal solution, we examine specific scenarios. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of the secondary rate constraint and finite battery on the primary rate and the probability of cooperation. We show that the joint information and energy cooperation increases the chances of cooperation and achieves significant rate gains over only information cooperation.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to be presented in IEEE PIMRC 201

Energy Cooperation in Battery-Free Wireless Communications with Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting techniques are becoming a potential method to power battery-free wireless networks. In RF energy harvesting communications, energy cooperation enables shaping and optimization of the energy arrivals at the energy-receiving node to improve the overall system performance. In this article, we propose an energy cooperation scheme that enables energy cooperation in battery-free wireless networks with RF harvesting. We first study the battery-free wireless network with RF energy harvesting and then state the problem that optimizing the system performance with limited harvesting energy through new energy cooperation protocol. Finally, from the extensive simulation results, our energy cooperation protocol performs better than the original battery-free wireless network solution

European Neighbourhood Policy; Energy Cooperation

European Neighbourhood Policy; Energy Cooperatio

CHINA-ARAB ENERGY COOPERATION: CONSTRUCT NEW ENERGY SILK ROAD

Arab countries are one of the most important energy supply bases in the world and a key area for China's ‘Belt and Road’" initiative(BRI). China and Arab countries have long been committed to enhancing energy cooperation. While the global energy transition is the background of China-Arab energy cooperation, the international situation in the region is still in flux, but there is a good political foundation for China-Arab energy cooperation. These are the basic conditions for China-Arab energy cooperation. Against the backdrop of energy transition and continuous changes in the international situation, China and Arab countries are working together to promote energy cooperation in terms of policy design, mechanism improvement, industry chain layout, human resource support and project implementation, combining the BRI and ‘a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind’, and the ‘China-Arab Community with a Shared Future’ in order to promote the building of a China-Arab community of energy cooperation. China-Arab cooperation in the oil and gas sector continues at a high level, while new energy sources are becoming the highlight of China-Arab energy cooperation, which is the ‘new’. In addition, despite frequent changes in the international situation, China and Arab countries have insisted on promoting a community-based approach to cooperation, which is a ‘new’ way of cooperation compared to the energy strategies of Western countries