Grid Interaction Performance Evaluation of BIPV and Analysis with Energy Storage On Distributed Network Power Management

This research focuses on analysis of photovoltaic (PV) based active generator in microgrid and its utilization in not only for operational planning of the power system but also for instantaneous power flow management in the smart grid environment. The application of this system is part of a solution on handling a large scale deployment of grid connected distributed generators, especially PV system. By implementing the PV based active generator, it will be very flexible able to manage the power delivery from the active generator sources (e.g. PV system, energy storage technologies, active power conditioning devices). In Southern Norway, a smart village Skarpnes is developed for ZEBs. These ZEBs have Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system. The energy efficient housing development should consider that a building should produce the same amount of electrical energy as its annual requirements (i.e. ZEB). In future, ZEBs are going to play a significant role in the upcoming smart grid development due to their contribution on the on-site electrical generation, energy storage, demand side management etc. In this work the main objective is to evaluate the usefulness of ZEBs for load matching with BIPV generation profiles and grid interaction analysis. Impact of BIPV system has been investigated on the distributed network power flow as well as on protection and protective relays analysis. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis of BIPV system is presented which will be useful to the utility for developing new business models as well as demand side management (DSM) strategies and for decentralized energy storage. The real operational results of a year are analyzed for annual energy balance with on-site BIPV generation and local load. This work provides quantitative analysis of various grid interaction parameters suitable to describe energy performance of the BIPV. The load matching and grid interaction parameters are calculated for a house to find relationship of BIPV generation and building load. The loss of load probability is analyzed for fulfilling the local load at desired reliability level. Results of this work are going to be useful for developing DSM strategies and energy storage as well as import/export energy to the grid. This work will be beneficial for future planning of the distributed network when the BIPV penetrations are going to increase

Evolution of microgrids with converter-interfaced generations: Challenges and opportunities

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Although microgrids facilitate the increased penetration of distributed generations (DGs) and improve the security of power supplies, they have some issues that need to be better understood and addressed before realising the full potential of microgrids. This paper presents a comprehensive list of challenges and opportunities supported by a literature review on the evolution of converter-based microgrids. The discussion in this paper presented with a view to establishing microgrids as distinct from the existing distribution systems. This is accomplished by, firstly, describing the challenges and benefits of using DG units in a distribution network and then those of microgrid ones. Also, the definitions, classifications and characteristics of microgrids are summarised to provide a sound basis for novice researchers to undertake ongoing research on microgrids

Mixed-integer-linear-programming-based energy management system for hybrid PV-wind-battery microgrids: Modeling, design, and experimental verification

© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksMicrogrids are energy systems that aggregate distributed energy resources, loads, and power electronics devices in a stable and balanced way. They rely on energy management systems to schedule optimally the distributed energy resources. Conventionally, many scheduling problems have been solved by using complex algorithms that, even so, do not consider the operation of the distributed energy resources. This paper presents the modeling and design of a modular energy management system and its integration to a grid-connected battery-based microgrid. The scheduling model is a power generation-side strategy, defined as a general mixed-integer linear programming by taking into account two stages for proper charging of the storage units. This model is considered as a deterministic problem that aims to minimize operating costs and promote self-consumption based on 24-hour ahead forecast data. The operation of the microgrid is complemented with a supervisory control stage that compensates any mismatch between the offline scheduling process and the real time microgrid operation. The proposal has been tested experimentally in a hybrid microgrid at the Microgrid Research Laboratory, Aalborg University.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Optimal operation of hybrid AC/DC microgrids under uncertainty of renewable energy resources : A comprehensive review

The hybrid AC/DC microgrids have become considerably popular as they are reliable, accessible and robust. They are utilized for solving environmental, economic, operational and power-related political issues. Having this increased necessity taken into consideration, this paper performs a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of hybrid AC/DC microgrids and describes their components. Mathematical models and valid comparisons among different renewable energy sources’ generations are discussed. Subsequently, various operational zones, control and optimization methods, power flow calculations in the presence of uncertainties related to renewable energy resources are reviewed.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Scheduling and Sizing of Campus Microgrid Considering Demand Response and Economic Analysis

Current energy systems face multiple problems related to inflation in energy prices, reduction of fossil fuels, and greenhouse gas emissions which are disturbing the comfort zone of energy consumers and the affordability of power for large commercial customers. These kinds of problems can be alleviated with the help of optimal planning of demand response policies and with distributed generators in the distribution system. The objective of this article is to give a strategic proposition of an energy management system for a campus microgrid (µG) to minimize the operating costs and to increase the self-consuming energy of the green distributed generators (DGs). To this end, a real-time based campus is considered that currently takes provision of its loads from the utility grid only. According to the proposed given scenario, it will contain solar panels and a wind turbine as non-dispatchable DGs while a diesel generator is considered as a dispatchable DG. It also incorporates an energy storage system with optimal sizing of BESS to tackle the multiple disturbances that arise from solar radiation. The resultant problem of linear mathematics was simulated and plotted in MATLAB with mixed-integer linear programming. Simulation results show that the proposed given model of energy management (EMS) minimizes the grid electricity costs by 668.8 CC/day ($) which is 36.6% of savings for the campus microgrid. The economic prognosis for the campus to give an optimum result for the UET Taxila, Campus was also analyzed. The general effect of a medium-sized solar PV installation on carbon emissions and energy consumption costs was also determined. The substantial environmental and economic benefits compared to the present situation have prompted the campus owners to invest in the DGs and to install large-scale energy storage

Optimal Planning of Microgrid-Integrated Battery Energy Storage

Battery energy storage (BES) is a core component in reliable, resilient, and cost-effective operation of microgrids. When appropriately sized, BES can provide the microgrid with both economic and technical benefits. Besides the BES size, it is found that there are mainly three planning parameters that impact the BES performance, including the BES integration configuration, technology, and depth of discharge. In this dissertation, the impact of each one of these parameters on the microgrid-integrated BES planning problem is investigated. Three microgrid-integrated BES planning models are developed to individually find the optimal values for the aforementioned parameters. These three microgrid-integrated BES planning models are then combined and extended, by including the impact of microgrid islanding incidents on the BES planning solution, to develop a comprehensive planning model that can be used by microgrid planners to simultaneously determine the installed BES optimal size, integration configuration, technology, and maximum depth of discharge. Besides applications in microgrids, this dissertation investigates the integration of BES to provide other types of support in distribution networks such as load management of commercial and industrial customers, distribution network expansion, and solar PV ramp rate control

Microgrids: Planning, Protection and Control

This Special Issue will include papers related to the planning, protection, and control of smart grids and microgrids, and their applications in the industry, transportation, water, waste, and urban and residential infrastructures. Authors are encouraged to present their latest research; reviews on topics including methods, approaches, systems, and technology; and interfaces to other domains such as big data, cybersecurity, human–machine, sustainability, and smart cities. The planning side of microgrids might include technology selection, scheduling, interconnected microgrids, and their integration with regional energy infrastructures. The protection side of microgrids might include topics related to protection strategies, risk management, protection technologies, abnormal scenario assessments, equipment and system protection layers, fault diagnosis, validation and verification, and intelligent safety systems. The control side of smart grids and microgrids might include control strategies, intelligent control algorithms and systems, control architectures, technologies, embedded systems, monitoring, and deployment and implementation