A novel cross-layer framework for large scale emergency communications

This paper explores the problem of improving coverage and capacity of large-scale communication networks in disaster-struck areas. We propose a novel integrated dynamic cross-layer distributed energy aware emergency framework, E3F, that spans large geographical areas and variable time ranges. E3F enables adaptive storage, dynamic packet scheduling and utility driven forwarding that avoids congestion and energy depletion. Our extensive experiments with realistic traces show significantly improved energy efficiency and low overheads while maintaining high success ratios for both data dissemination and query answering

Análisis de tráfico en trayectorias cerradas para redes AD HOC

Una de las características de las redes Ad Hoc está dada en la movilidad de sus nodos, lo cual hace más difícil el enrutamiento en este tipo de redes, por la dinámica de su conectividad y topología. En este trabajo se hace un análisis del comportamiento del tráfico para modelos de movilidad que describen trayectorias cerradas, evaluando el rendimiento de los protocolos AOMDV, AODV, DSDV y DSR

Smart Computing and Sensing Technologies for Animal Welfare: A Systematic Review

Animals play a profoundly important and intricate role in our lives today. Dogs have been human companions for thousands of years, but they now work closely with us to assist the disabled, and in combat and search and rescue situations. Farm animals are a critical part of the global food supply chain, and there is increasing consumer interest in organically fed and humanely raised livestock, and how it impacts our health and environmental footprint. Wild animals are threatened with extinction by human induced factors, and shrinking and compromised habitat. This review sets the goal to systematically survey the existing literature in smart computing and sensing technologies for domestic, farm and wild animal welfare. We use the notion of \emph{animal welfare} in broad terms, to review the technologies for assessing whether animals are healthy, free of pain and suffering, and also positively stimulated in their environment. Also the notion of \emph{smart computing and sensing} is used in broad terms, to refer to computing and sensing systems that are not isolated but interconnected with communication networks, and capable of remote data collection, processing, exchange and analysis. We review smart technologies for domestic animals, indoor and outdoor animal farming, as well as animals in the wild and zoos. The findings of this review are expected to motivate future research and contribute to data, information and communication management as well as policy for animal welfare

Energy Efficiency in the Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Approach to Monitoring Farm Animals

monitoring bovine animals potentially offers high increase in the profitability of cattle production. In this paper we propose a formal model for the cattle monitoring system. Then we formulate the requirements for the MANET routing protocol for such systems. We identify a suitable MANET routing protocol that satisfies these requirements and adapt it to our scenario. We propose optimizations to this protocol that utilize heterogeneity of the power constrains of the wireless nodes. More precisely we make a trade-off between the power utilized by animal mounted devices and fixed sinks where they upload the collected and processed data. We also save energy on flooding based route discovery for the cost of graceful degradation of data delivery time by utilizing passive detection of temporary availability of sink routes. Finally we show in the simulation that the proposed approach is feasible and the proposed optimizations considerably decrease the energy consumption and increase scalability in terms of density and number of wireless nodes. This is important considering size and range of stocking densities of modern farming enterprises. Keywords-animal monitoring; MANET; routing protocol; energy efficiency; WSN I

Practical mobile ad hoc networks for large scale cattle monitoring

This thesis is concerned with identification of realistic requirements for the cattle monitoring system and design of the practical architecture addressing these requirements. Automated monitoring of cattle with wireless monitoring devices mounted on the animals can increase efficiency of cattle production, decrease its reliance on human labour and thus increase its profitability. Multi-hop ad hoc wireless communication has the potential to increase battery life of the animal mounted devices, decrease their size and combat disconnections. This thesis reveals that no current approach sufficiently addresses energy constrains of the animal mounted devices and potential disconnections. We propose a delay tolerant store and forward architecture that provides data retention, detecting custom events, issues notifications, answers remote and in-situ queries, based on requirements identified during field experiments we conducted. This architecture utilizes fixed infrastructure but also works in ad hoc infrastructureless conditions. The core of the proposed architecture, Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) communication, provides offloading data for long term storage by sending data to farm servers via sinks that are a part of MANET and handles in-situ queries issued by users collocated with the animals. The proposed MANET routing algorithm addresses high mobility of nodes and disconnections. It provides lower and more balanced energy usage, shorter delays and increased success ratio of delivering answers to in-situ queries than more generic existing approaches. Problems of large scale deployment of the envisaged system are also addressed. We discuss the necessary configuration process performed during the system installation as well as pervasive mobile and home access to the target system. We propose cost efficient strategies for sinks installation and connecting sinks to farm servers, adaptive to different requirements, estates layout, available infrastructure and existing human and vehicle mobility. We also propose a cost efficient security model for the target system based on public key cryptography