A Survey of Green Networking Research

Reduction of unnecessary energy consumption is becoming a major concern in wired networking, because of the potential economical benefits and of its expected environmental impact. These issues, usually referred to as "green networking", relate to embedding energy-awareness in the design, in the devices and in the protocols of networks. In this work, we first formulate a more precise definition of the "green" attribute. We furthermore identify a few paradigms that are the key enablers of energy-aware networking research. We then overview the current state of the art and provide a taxonomy of the relevant work, with a special focus on wired networking. At a high level, we identify four branches of green networking research that stem from different observations on the root causes of energy waste, namely (i) Adaptive Link Rate, (ii) Interface proxying, (iii) Energy-aware infrastructures and (iv) Energy-aware applications. In this work, we do not only explore specific proposals pertaining to each of the above branches, but also offer a perspective for research.Comment: Index Terms: Green Networking; Wired Networks; Adaptive Link Rate; Interface Proxying; Energy-aware Infrastructures; Energy-aware Applications. 18 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

OpenZmeter: An Efficient Low-Cost Energy Smart Meter and Power Quality Analyzer

Power quality and energy consumption measurements support providers and energy users with solutions for acquiring and reporting information about the energy supply for residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In particular, since the average number of electronic devices in homes increases year by year and their sensitivity is very high, it is not only important to monitor the total energy consumption, but also the quality of the power supplied. However, in practice, end-users do not have information about the energy consumption in real-time nor about the quality of the power they receive, because electric energy meters are too expensive and complex to be handled. In order to overcome these inconveniences, an innovative, open source, low-cost, precise, and reliable power and electric energy meter is presented that can be easily installed and managed by any inexperienced user at their own home in urban or rural areas. The system was validated in a real house over a period of two weeks, showing interesting results and findings which validate our proposal

Sustainable refurbishment solutions for high-rise residential buildings in subtropical areas

Conference Theme: Mass Customisation and Sustainability in HousingBuilding maintenance and refurbishment has become a particular concern in developed economies, as there are many old buildings in urban areas. While various refurbishment methods have been developed for the purpose of sustainable development, these refurbishment approaches are designed for specific climatic condition and building characteristic. Until now, there is not much suggestion on which sustainable refurbishment methods are more suitable for subtropical areas like Hong Kong. This paper aims to bridge this gap by developing a set of sustainable refurbishment methods applicable to high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong. The research begins by a comprehensive literature review of the existing sustainable refurbishment methods. The results of literature review form the basis of a preliminary screening according to the local climate and buildings feature. Interviews with experienced industry experts are conducted in order to confirm the applicability of the proposed methods. Through the above studies, a list of sustainable refurbishment methods for subtropical regions as well as a set of principles for selecting refurbishment methods are identified. The results of this study should help owners and design team members identify sustainable refurbishment to maximise the chance of success.published_or_final_versio

Investigating The Financial Implications Of Alternative Water Heating Systems

Electricity tariffs charged by the South African electricity supplier (Eskom) have sharply increased over the past three years and there is no indication of what to expect in the future with regard to electricity tariffs.  Many South Africans are searching for ways to save on their monthly electricity bills by seeking out alternative water heating systems. The purpose of this study is to determine the most financially viable alternative water heating system for a household in South Africa using various investment appraisal techniques and taking into consideration the size of the household.  The study found that the five investment options identified in the literature review would all, to some extent, be financially viable to implement within households with high, as well as low, volume hot water consumption.  Although some of the water heating systems were found to be more financially viable than others, the conclusion was made that a savings will be generated on the monthly electricity bill no matter what alternative water heating system was to be installed in the place of a conventional geyser

Control instruments : 2005

Current industrial report. Contains annual data for control instruments produced in the United State

Solar Decathlon Competition 2021

This report is intended to outline all relevant background information, decisions, and design direction for our senior project at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. We will be designing net-zero, affordable housing to compete in the attached housing division of the 2021 Department of Energy Solar Decathlon. With the increased urgency of climate change and focus on sustainability in construction, the importance of designing a net-zero structure is very apparent. Because there is a great need for affordable and sustainable housing in Watts, CA, we will be tailoring our design to meet this community’s needs. Details of the Solar Decathlon competition, the need for sustainable, affordable housing, and the various mechanical systems such as, plumbing, HVAC, and power systems are detailed below in the body of the report. Additionally, the process of creating the initial concept design is outlined as well

Heating controls: International evidence base and policy experiences

This report presents a synthesis in the form of narrative summaries of the international evidence base and policy experiences on heating controls in the domestic sector. The research builds on the former Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) commissioned (systematic) scoping review of the UK evidence on heating controls published in 2016 (Lomas et al., 2016), and the Rapid Evidence Assessment of smarter heating controls published in 2014 (Munton et al., 2014). The report consists of two parts. Part 1 involves a (systematic) scoping review of the international evidence base on the energy savings, cost-effectiveness and usability of heating controls in the domestic sector. Part 2 contains the findings from an analysis of the policy experiences of other countries