The Design of a System Architecture for Mobile Multimedia Computers

This chapter discusses the system architecture of a portable computer, called Mobile Digital Companion, which provides support for handling multimedia applications energy efficiently. Because battery life is limited and battery weight is an important factor for the size and the weight of the Mobile Digital Companion, energy management plays a crucial role in the architecture. As the Companion must remain usable in a variety of environments, it has to be flexible and adaptable to various operating conditions. The Mobile Digital Companion has an unconventional architecture that saves energy by using system decomposition at different levels of the architecture and exploits locality of reference with dedicated, optimised modules. The approach is based on dedicated functionality and the extensive use of energy reduction techniques at all levels of system design. The system has an architecture with a general-purpose processor accompanied by a set of heterogeneous autonomous programmable modules, each providing an energy efficient implementation of dedicated tasks. A reconfigurable internal communication network switch exploits locality of reference and eliminates wasteful data copies

Signals with an Additive Fractal Structure for Information Transmission

This chapter is devoted to a new class of wideband signals with an additive fractal structure. Properties and characteristics of the new type of signals are studied. It is shown that such signals possess a high level of an irregularity and unpredictability at simple technical implementation. It is shown that an incommensurability of frequencies of fundamental high-stable oscillations leads to the high level of an irregularity of such signals. For an estimation of a level of signal complexity, authors offer to use the fractal dimensionality of their temporal implementations calculated by means of creation of the structural function. Methods of modification of the signal spectrum with the additive fractal structure are offered, permitting to increase the efficiency of the frequency resource application. For reduction of the high low-frequency signal power the authors suggest using signals with the additive fractal structure, centered in a moving average window. Methods of masking of the voice messages by means of signals of a new type are offered. The results of a computer experiment of secretive sound transmission are described

Treatment of palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes

Malaysian palm oil industry has grown rapidly over the last few decades, to becoming the world’s largest producer and exporter of palm oil. This success story however, comes with a greater challenge and equally required more sacrifices in order to maintain the tempo. In the year of 2004, it has been recorded that 26.7 million tons of solid biomass and approximately a 30 million tons of palm oil mill effluent (POME) were generated from 381 palm oil mills in Malaysia [1]. Although different kind of wastes are generated in the palm oil mills, the perceived harmful waste among all the waste generated is the palm oil mill effluent (POME) due to its associated harm if discharged into the environment untreated [2]. POME is a colloidal suspension originating from mixture of sterilizer condensate, separator sludge and hydro cyclone wastewater in a ratio of 9:15:1 respectively [3]. It is a brownish colored, thick liquid that is containing high amount of oil, solids, and grease with high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) values. Table 15.1 describes the characteristic of POME obtained from Malaysian Palm Oil Board

Bundling, Differentiation, Alliances and Mergers: Convergence Strategies in U.S. Communication Markets

Convergence is a multi-facetted phenomenon affecting the technological basis of information and communication industries, the boundaries of existing and new markets, and the organization of service providers. Convergence in substitutes will tend to increase the intensity of competition but convergence in complements may have the opposite effect. Given the economics of advanced communication industries, convergence necessitates strategies to overcome the risk of commodification at the level of networks, applications, and services. The paper examines bundling, differentiation, alliances, and merger strategies adopted by North American service providers in response to convergence. Service providers'opportunities and risks in the emerging environment differ considerably, with cable and telephone service providers presently in stronger positions than wireless service providers, broadcasters, and satellite service providers. New entrants such as Vonage, Skype, Google, and Yahoo have high disruptive potential but remain disadvantaged without their own access networks.convergence; bundling; differentiation; alliances; mergers

Towards a power consumption estimation model for routers over TCP and UDP protocols

Due to the growing development in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, the usage of routers has increased rapidly. Meanwhile, these devices that are produced and developed today consume a definite amount of power, Furthermore, with limited focus on power estimation techniques and the increased demands of networking devices, it led to an increase of the vitality consumption as a result. While new high capacity router components are installed, energy intake in system elements will be rising due to the higher capability network consuming larger component of the vitality. This study considers providing estimating power model in different traffic settings over TCP and UDP protocols, this study is mainly concerned about the transport protocols power consumption. Isolating the power consuming components within an electronic system is a very precise process that requires deep understanding of the role of each component within the system and a thorough study of the component datasheet. The study started by simulating the protocols mechanism then followed by protoclos power measurements, a simple simulation has been provided for Xilinx Virtex-5, it is very complicated to simulate the whole system due to the need of an external devices, so the simulation focused on wavelengths, frequencies and traffic types. This study found that the estimated power stokes was high when the 1480nm, 1580nm, and 1750nm power source increase. while there were differrence in the consumed power while transiting different types of traffic such as CBR and HTTP through UDP and TCP. The effect of different frequencies has been noticed also while applying different frequencies to the protocols. So it is believed that this study may enhance the power scenarios in the network and routers throug applying different techniques to UDP and TC