Structural patterns for document engineering: from an empirical bottom-up analysis to an ontological theory

This thesis aims at investigating a new approach to document analysis based on the idea of structural patterns in XML vocabularies. My work is founded on the belief that authors do naturally converge to a reasonable use of markup languages and that extreme, yet valid instances are rare and limited. Actual documents, therefore, may be used to derive classes of elements (patterns) persisting across documents and distilling the conceptualization of the documents and their components, and may give ground for automatic tools and services that rely on no background information (such as schemas) at all. The central part of my work consists in introducing from the ground up a formal theory of eight structural patterns (with three sub-patterns) that are able to express the logical organization of any XML document, and verifying their identifiability in a number of different vocabularies. This model is characterized by and validated against three main dimensions: terseness (i.e. the ability to represent the structure of a document with a small number of objects and composition rules), coverage (i.e. the ability to capture any possible situation in any document) and expressiveness (i.e. the ability to make explicit the semantics of structures, relations and dependencies). An algorithm for the automatic recognition of structural patterns is then presented, together with an evaluation of the results of a test performed on a set of more than 1100 documents from eight very different vocabularies. This language-independent analysis confirms the ability of patterns to capture and summarize the guidelines used by the authors in their everyday practice. Finally, I present some systems that work directly on the pattern-based representation of documents. The ability of these tools to cover very different situations and contexts confirms the effectiveness of the model

Proceedings of the 9th Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD) international conference 2021 (ASCAAD 2021): architecture in the age of disruptive technologies: transformation and challenges.

The ASCAAD 2021 conference theme is Architecture in the age of disruptive technologies: transformation and challenges. The theme addresses the gradual shift in computational design from prototypical morphogenetic-centered associations in the architectural discourse. This imminent shift of focus is increasingly stirring a debate in the architectural community and is provoking a much needed critical questioning of the role of computation in architecture as a sole embodiment and enactment of technical dimensions, into one that rather deliberately pursues and embraces the humanities as an ultimate aspiration

"These signs forerun the death or fall of kings": renegotiating masculinities and centrality in Shakespeare's second tetralogy through adaptation, direction and performance

‘Fall of Kings’, ‘Between the Armies’ and ‘The Breach’ were a series of adaptations that formed the practice-based elements of a project exploring and challenging contemporary representations of gendered power and repetitive narratives of hegemonic victory in post-1980’s performances of Shakespeare’s second tetralogy. ‘Fall of Kings’ is an adaptation of Richard II, staged at Burdall’s Yard, Bath in March 2018; ‘Between the Armies’ is adapted from Henry IV Part 1 and Henry IV Part 2 and performed at The Rondo Theatre, Bath in September 2018; and ‘The Breach’ is adapted from Henry V, performed at The Rondo Theatre, Bath in June 2019 before touring to The Cotswold Playhouse, Stroud and The Alma Tavern, Bristol in July 2019. The productions were developed by three professional companies, engaging public audiences through live performances in theatres across the South West. The adapting and directing practices employed to stage the productions are informed by a sociological analysis of the plays, drawing on a number of theoretical studies that consider performance, gender and power from sociological or sociologically attuned perspectives. Foremost of these is Raewyn Connell’s masculinities, which informed decisions on how the texts would be cut, edited and approached in performance. In conjunction with Catherine Silverstone’s consideration of how trauma may be sustained through performance, Connell’s framework is applied in the reflection and analysis of the project’s practical elements, contributing to knowledge of how gendered power is held and enacted through practice, and the implications this may have for performance and performers. With this progression towards a trauma-informed and actor-centred approach to direction, the project later incorporates James C. Scott’s observations of hidden speech and action from and within social margins, which outline ways power might be claimed through the rejection of hegemony. In bringing together these considerations in practice, guided by the overarching framework of Connell’s masculinities, the project seeks to explore how adaptation and direction might intervene to disrupt, relocate or alter dynamics of power in rehearsal and performance processes. Reflecting on the adaptation, direction and performance of ‘Fall of Kings’, ‘Between the Armies’ and ‘The Breach’, the study considers how these practices contributed to the disruption of narratives depicting gendered hegemony, complicity, subordination and marginality in the performance of the second tetralogy. Chapter 1 will introduce the approach to masculinities’ practical applications in ‘Fall of Kings’, exploring how the introduction of a Narrator in the textual adaptation, and the use of physical performance techniques informed by Connell’s concepts enabled a subversion of masculine-feminine dichotomies and gendered power. Chapter 2 will examine the ways the re-embodiment of selected characters in ‘Between the Armies’ affected a displacement of the play’s hegemonic masculinities and, in doing so, disrupted the representation of hegemonic victory in Henry IV Part 1 and 2. The chapter will discuss how Silverstone’s exploration of performance as a site in which trauma can be both represented and sustained informed the reflection on white and heteropatriarchal hegemonies in ‘Between the Armies’, onstage and in rehearsal. Continuing with this line of enquiry in relation to Scott’s concept of hidden transcripts of resistance, Chapter 3 considers how approaches to performing class and gender in ‘The Breach’ contributed to disrupting working-class and feminine marginality, guided by the use of directorial understandings of gender. Referring to the productions as they are documented in the appendices, the thesis draws conclusions on how adaptation and direction might disrupt the centrality of Shakespeare’s kings in the narratives and processes of working with the plays. In doing so, theatre and performance can intervene in the potentially violent functions of narrative, embodiment and performance context. Centrality may be refocused, remaining flexible and responsive to actor experiences of social power, feeling and identity

History of Psychology

Openly licensed anthology focused on the theme of the History of Psychology. Contains: The Mind and the Brain by Alfred Binet; Dream Psychology: Psychoanalysis for Beginners by Sigmund Freud; The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2) by William James; The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2) by William James; Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology by C. G. Jung; Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds by Charles Mackay; The Psychology of Arithmetic by Edward L. Thorndike

Data-driven Technology Foresight: Text Analysis of Emerging Technologies

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 산업·조선공학부, 2018. 2. 박용태.This dissertation argues for new directions in the field of technology foresight. Technology foresight was formulated on the basis of qualitative and participatory research. Initially, most foresight activities were triggered by the prospect of a handful number of experts, but recent studies highlight theoretical paradigm shifts toward a more comprehensive and data-driven approach to creating shared insights on the future of emerging technologies. Much of the research up to now, however, has been descriptive in nature, and a definite method of realizing the notion has not yet been addressed in the existing literature to a large extent. To this end, we have attempted to formalize the concept of data-driven technology foresight by incorporating unconventional data sources – future-oriented web data, Wikipedia data, and scientific publication data – and different analytical tools – Latent Semantic Analysis, IdeaGraph, and Morphological Analysis. Four distinct foresight frameworks were proposed for the proactive management process of emerging technologies: impact identification, impact analysis, plan development, and technology ideation. The study was guided by the following research questions: (1) what kinds of data sources are available on the web and which of those are considered useful in foresight studies? (2) Where could we incorporate these data sources and which techniques are most suitable for the given purposes? (3) Which foresight-related fields would particularly benefit from applying a data-driven approach and what are the positive effects? The proposals outlined should be considered exploratory and open-ended. It is designed to determine the nature of the problem, rather than to offer definitive and conclusive answers. Nevertheless, the proposed scheme may well provide not just a rationale but a theoretical grounding for this newly introduced notion. This dissertation is expected to yield a foothold for the readers to better comprehend and act on this new shift in the field of technology foresight.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Emergence of Technology Foresight 1 1.2 Towards a Data-driven Technology Foresight 3 1.3 Problem Statement 6 1.4 Dissertation Overview 8 Chapter 2 Data Sources and Methodologies 15 2.1 Data Sources 15 2.1.1 Future-oriented Web Data 15 2.1.2 Wikipedia Data 17 2.1.3 Scientific Publication Data 19 2.2 Methodologies 21 2.2.1 Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) 21 2.2.2 IdeaGraph 25 2.2.3 Morphological Analysis (MA) 29 Chapter 3 Foresight for Impact Identification 31 3.1 Introduction 32 3.2 Emerging Technology and its Social Impacts 36 3.2.1 Distinctive Nature of Emerging Technology 36 3.2.2 Technology Assessment 39 3.3 LSA for Constructing Scenarios 43 3.4 Research Framework 44 3.4.1 Step 1: Data Collection 46 3.4.2 Step 2: Scenario Development 49 3.4.2.1 Pre-LSA: Preprocessing Future-oriented Web Data 49 3.4.2.2 LSA: Applying Latent Semantic Analysis 52 3.4.2.3 Post-LSA: Constructing Scenarios 54 3.5 Illustrative Case Study: Drone Technology 55 3.6 Discussion 65 3.6.1 Categorization of Social Impacts 65 3.6.2 Comparative Analysis 72 3.6.3 Implication for Theory, Practice, and Policy 74 3.7 Conclusion 76 Chapter 4 Foresight for Impact Analysis 79 4.1 Introduction 80 4.2 Uncertainty and Complexity 82 4.3 Data-driven Foresight Process 84 4.4 Scenario Building Beyond the Obvious 86 4.4.1 Capturing Plausibility using LSA 90 4.4.2 Capturing Creativity using IdeaGraph 92 4.5 Research Framework 93 4.5.1 Step 1. Pre-Analysis: Data Preparation 94 4.5.1.1 Target Technology Selection 94 4.5.1.2 Data Acquisition 95 4.5.1.3 Data Preprocessing 95 4.5.2 Step 2. Text Analysis: Scenario Building 96 4.5.2.1 General Glimpse using Overt Structures 96 4.5.2.2 Hidden Details using Latent Structures 98 4.5.3 Step 3. Post-Analysis: Analytical Interpretation 101 4.5.3.1 Individual Impact Scenario 101 4.5.3.2 Overall Latent Impacts 101 4.6 Illustrative Case Study: 3D Printing Technology 102 4.7 Discussion 110 4.7.1 Scenarios Beyond the Obvious 110 4.7.2 Comparative Analysis 113 4.8 Conclusion 115 Chapter 5 Foresight for Plan Development 117 5.1 Introduction 118 5.2 Theoretical Paradigm Shift 120 5.2.1 Technology-focused vs. Society-focused 120 5.2.2 Co-evolution of Technology and Society 122 5.2.3 Responsible Development 125 5.3 Methodological Paradigm Shift 127 5.3.1 Participatory Approach 127 5.3.2 Data-driven Approach 129 5.4 Rationale for using LSA 131 5.5 Research Framework 132 5.5.1 Step 1. Envisioning Social Issues 133 5.5.1.1 Collection of Future-oriented Web Data 133 5.5.1.2 Construction of Impact Scenarios 135 5.5.1.3 Conceptualization of Impact Scenarios 137 5.5.2 Step 2. Deriving Technical Solutions 138 5.5.2.1 Collection of Scientific Publication Data 138 5.5.2.2 Construction of Solution Concepts 139 5.6 Illustrative Case Study: Autonomous Vehicle 140 5.7 Discussion 149 5.7.1 Comparative Analysis 149 5.7.2 Major Strengths in Envisioning Social Impacts 152 5.7.3 Major Strengths in Overviewing Solutions 154 5.8 Conclusion 156 Chapter 6 Foresight for Technology Ideation 158 6.1 Introduction 159 6.2 Related Studies 161 6.2.1 Generating Creative Ideas 161 6.2.2 Data-driven Morphological Analysis 163 6.3 Technology Foresight using Wikipedia 165 6.3.1 Wikipedia as a Good Remedy 165 6.3.2 Preliminaries: How to Apply Wikipedia 168 6.4 Research Framework 173 6.4.1 Basic Model 174 6.4.2 Extended Model 175 6.4.2.1 Phase 1: Preliminary Phase 177 6.4.2.2 Phase 2: Dimension Development Phase 177 6.4.2.3 Phase 3: Value Development Phase 179 6.4.2.4 Phase 4: Sub-dimension Development Phase 182 6.5 Illustrative Case Study: Drone Technology 183 6.5.1 Basic Model 183 6.5.2 Extended Model 185 6.6 Comparative Analysis 193 6.6.1 Experimental Setup 193 6.6.2 Comparison of Results 195 6.7 Intrinsic Limitations of Applying Wikipedia 199 6.8 Conclusion 201 Chapter 7 Concluding Remarks 203 Bibliography 211 Appendix 236 Appendix A Result of overt and latent structures of each impact scenario 236 Appendix B Result of Wikipedia-based morphological matrix (basic model) 240 Appendix C Result of Wikipedia-based morphological matrix using superordinate seed terms (extended model) 241 Appendix D Result of Wikipedia-based morphological matrix after applying subordinate value seed terms (extended model) 243 Appendix E Result of Wikipedia-based morphological matrix after developing sub-dimensions (extended model) 247Docto

Work and chronic illness in contemporary feminist illness writing 2015-2022

This thesis looks at engagement with the concept of work in UK and US life-writing about chronic illness between 2015 and 2022. In texts by writers including Anne Boyer, Johanna Hedva, Carolyn Lazard, Sonya Huber, Alice Hattrick, Dodie Bellamy, and Porochista Khakpour, the experience of living with chronic illness is shaped by and against neoliberal capitalism and contemporary work culture. I call this grouping contemporary feminist illness writing. These writers do not show illness as the antithesis to work but instead render visible the ways in which illness and work compound each other. With a rise in ‘patient work’ and an increasingly active sick role, illness entails administrative, reproductive, and investigative labour. I demonstrate how contemporary writers draw on intersectional feminist and leftist political thought in their textual experiments to represent how incapacity and pain intersect with effort and skill in the experience of chronic illness. I argue that work is not just a central theme in this grouping but that it actively informs its textual strategies. Writers play with intensifying and withdrawing labour and with appropriating and subverting medical and work genres like the list, the case history, the e-mail, and various forms of accessibility documents. I argue that engagement with the concept of work marks a departure from earlier generations of illness writing and the teleological narratives of self-development described by critics including Anne Hunsaker Hawkins and Arthur Frank. Building on recent critical accounts of the neoliberal aspects of teleological narratives, I contend that contemporary feminist illness writers use alternative, non-teleological narrative forms. Their poetics of impairment emphasizes imperfection, collective thinking, and subjects in a variety of differently-capacitated states. Drawing lines back to the history of illness writing, I argue that writing on the ill bodymind continues to be a resource for imagining alternatives to the ‘good’ worker-citizen

Play Among Books

How does coding change the way we think about architecture? Miro Roman and his AI Alice_ch3n81 develop a playful scenario in which they propose coding as the new literacy of information. They convey knowledge in the form of a project model that links the fields of architecture and information through two interwoven narrative strands in an “infinite flow” of real books

Robotics, AI, and Humanity

This open access book examines recent advances in how artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have elicited widespread debate over their benefits and drawbacks for humanity. The emergent technologies have for instance implications within medicine and health care, employment, transport, manufacturing, agriculture, and armed conflict. While there has been considerable attention devoted to robotics/AI applications in each of these domains, a fuller picture of their connections and the possible consequences for our shared humanity seems needed. This volume covers multidisciplinary research, examines current research frontiers in AI/robotics and likely impacts on societal well-being, human – robot relationships, as well as the opportunities and risks for sustainable development and peace. The attendant ethical and religious dimensions of these technologies are addressed and implications for regulatory policies on the use and future development of AI/robotics technologies are elaborated