Legal Responses to Commercial Transactions Employing Novel Communications Media

This Note analyzes contemporary business practices and specific characteristics of the new media, and suggests a judicial response consonant with courts\u27 approaches to the earlier technologies of telegraphy and teletype. Part I examines the effect of the Statute of Frauds and rules of authentication upon contracts formed using these media. It concludes that documents produced by telefacsimile and electronic mail systems should be considered ordinary writings. Part II considers the Best Evidence Rule and argues that telefacsimiles and electronic mail transmissions should be considered the best evidence of the contract they memorialize. Part III evaluates doctrines of liability allocation in the event of a transmission error while employing these media. It concludes that these doctrines are based upon theories of agency, common carriage, and contract law, rather than characteristics of individual media, and that telefacsimile and electronic mail systems do not require reconsideration of these doctrines. This Note concludes that telefacsimile and electronic mail services, like earlier systems of telegraphy and teletype, should be recognized as legally acceptable media for contract formation

An e-mail network for NTFS members

Electronic mail systems

PMDF - A PASCAL-Based Memo Distribution Facility

This paper describes the implementation of PMDF, a portable Pascal-based internetwork mail router. It includes features such as aliasing, forwarding, queueing automatic routing to network gateways, message batching and message retransmission and is currently being used as a gateway between the Computer Science Network\u27s PhoneNet and local electronic mail systems. PMDF is unique among internetwork mailers in that it is portable. All operating system dependent functions have been isolated to one module and therefore PMDF can be ported to any system that has a Pascal compiler and provides the functions necessary to implement the operating system dependent module

On the accuracy of modelling the dynamics of large space structures

Proposed space missions will require large scale, light weight, space based structural systems. Large space structure technology (LSST) systems will have to accommodate (among others): ocean data systems; electronic mail systems; large multibeam antenna systems; and, space based solar power systems. The structures are to be delivered into orbit by the space shuttle. Because of their inherent size, modelling techniques and scaling algorithms must be developed so that system performance can be predicted accurately prior to launch and assembly. When the size and weight-to-area ratio of proposed LSST systems dictate that the entire system be considered flexible, there are two basic modeling methods which can be used. The first is a continuum approach, a mathematical formulation for predicting the motion of a general orbiting flexible body, in which elastic deformations are considered small compared with characteristic body dimensions. This approach is based on an a priori knowledge of the frequencies and shape functions of all modes included within the system model. Alternatively, finite element techniques can be used to model the entire structure as a system of lumped masses connected by a series of (restoring) springs and possibly dampers. In addition, a computational algorithm was developed to evaluate the coefficients of the various coupling terms in the equations of motion as applied to the finite element model of the Hoop/Column

Heterogeneous Web Client

Many electronic mail systems are now available. Interconnecting these largely independent systems broadens the communities of users that can communicate electronically. When the systems are at different sites, the existing style of loose interconnection is sufficient. But when a local site has multiple mail systems, a user cannot easily perform tasks such as reading mail from all the systems during a single session. An integrated local mail environment that lets a user perform such tasks easily desirable.Such an integrated environment should have three properties. First, it should be inexpensive to implement the environment. Replacing the existing mail systems with a single, new system is too expensive. Second, it should be inexpensive to integrate a new mail system into the environment. As new systems are acquired, it should be easy to use their mail services effectively. Third, it should be possible to integrate diverse classes of mail systems into the environment. We have designed and implemented research on Heterogeneous Mail System as an environment with exactly these properties. Keywords: Heterogeneous mail system server, Scalability, Security and authentication, Encryption, Decryption

An Application of Multimedia Services on Transportation: The Use of the World Wide Web (WWW)

INTRODUCTION In recent years, there is an ever-increasing demand and interest in the use of multimedia technology and applications in industry, government and academia. Multimedia is often seen by researchers as the next step forward in interfacing science, technology and community. Yet, the terminology of multimedia bears several meanings. It may refer to Compact Disc (CD), moving pictures or video-conferencing. The multimedia technology referred in this paper is the World Wide Web (WWW) hypertext publishing information system which was developed by and started at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Since the introduction of WWW, its use has increased dramatically within a couple of years in a widely diverse community including government departments, university and research establishments, and commercial organisations. It has significant influence to our communities and our daily lives. Yet, in most cases, applications of WWW services are largely restricted to electronic library referencelcatalogue search facilities, electronic mail systems, electronic conference and discussion systems, electronic news and publishing agents, and remote access to computing resources on the Internet. The primary objective of this paper is to exploit the potential of this multimedia technology as a simple, easy-to-use and effective means of telematics application in transportation research. It is hoped that initiatives are highlighted via this study and hence encourage participations and collaborations from different sectors of industries. In this paper, a brief history of WWW is given in section (2). An overview of the technical aspects in providing a WWW service is presented in section (3) in terms of computer hardware requirements, software installation, network connections, application maintenance and administration, and system security. Compared to most commercially available multimedia software in the market, WWW services are cheap to run, userfriendly and readily available to the public on the Internet. In order to exploit the potential of WWW on transportation research, a study was carried out and results of the findings are reported in section (4). To further substantiate the level of usefulness, two particular WWW applications were chosen amongst other web services and they are reported in section (5) for illustrative purposes. The selected applications are the 'Transportation Resources on the Internet' developed in mid-1994 in the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) at the University of Leeds in England, and the 'Southern California Real-Time Traffic Report' developed by Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. in collaboration with the California State Department of Transportation in the US. Finally, a set of issues are raised in section (6), highlighting the directions of future development of WWW as an easy-touse, cheap and effective multimedia telematics application on transportation

A critical analysis of the X.400 model of message handling systems

The CCITT X.400 model of store and forward Message Handling Systems (MHS) serves as a common basis for the definition of electronic mail services and protocols both within CCITT and ISO. This paper presents an analysis of this model and its related recommendations from two perspectives. First the concepts of service, protocol and interface are discussed together with their application to this model; second the positioning within ISO's reference model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is commented on

Implementasi E-Government Melalui Sistem Persuratan Elektronik Pada Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia

This study is the result of research conducted at the General Bureau of the General Secretariat of the Ministry of State Secretariat regarding the implementation of electronic mail systems in support of Electronic Government. This research was conducted using a descriptive-qualitative method. Through the E-Government theory approach quoted from Indrajit (2016), the researcher examines implementation based on three components, namely: (1) Support, in the form of policies that are the legal basis for the development of SPDE Open, namely PP No. 95 of 2018 concerning Systems Electronic Based Government; (2) Capability, broadly speaking, the ability is demonstrated by granting authority to the Bureau of Information, Data and Technology work units to develop systems, provision of tools or equipment channelled through the State Budget and development of the human resources themselves; and (3) Value which are the impact of implementation, this application can simplify mailing procedures, make employee mobility more efficient and effective and reinforce the directions given so that it can be said that the implementation of SPDE Open has reached the transformation phase, where a system has experienced further development so that services increase in an integrated manner. While the obstacles found in this research are of a technical nature where the display of the application website is not yet user-friendly and the unpreparedness of employees in accepting SPDE Open as part of work priorities, for this reason, further research is needed to find solutions to existing problems

Standardisation and innovation

The paper discusses the relations that exist between standards on the one hand, and innovation and implementation on the other. We will argue that these activities must not be considered separately, especially since standards-based components are going to play an increasingly important role in implementation processes

Plan Now for Managing Electronic Data and Avoid Tomorrow’s Legal Risks

[Excerpt] In a world where the use of electronic data is rapidly increasing, companies must find ways to manage data now so that they effectively control compliance risks. The proliferation of electronic data is both astonishing and overwhelming. Given the storage power of average computers today, even the most modest mom-and-pop business may have electronic storage capacity equivalent to 2,000 four-drawer file cabinets. The task of managing electronic data is further compounded by the fact that the data is no longer just tangible pieces of paper, but rather are bytes of information that are constantly being edited, changed, and updated from different people and sources. Proper archiving, retention, monitoring, filtering, and encryption of electronic data are no longer optional: they are imperative