Vocal and Non-Vocal Verbal Behavior Between Mothers and Their Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

I conducted a descriptive analysis on the emission of vocal and non-vocal social/verbal interactions between 35 dyads of preschool-aged-children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their mothers. Using previously recorded videos of 5-min isolated free-play sessions between the mother-child dyads, I transduced each occurrence of verbal operants, attempted verbal operants (i.e., emissions not reinforced by a listener), and additional verbal behaviors such as fantasy play emitted by the child, and approvals and disapprovals emitted by the mother. Each verbal behavior was defined as either vocal verbal behavior, non-lexical vocal verbal behavior, or non-vocal verbal behavior, all with a function to communicate. The procedure consisted of identifying each instance of verbal behavior emitted between the mother and child rotating across listener and speaker responses until either no response occurred, or the session concluded. The listener and speaker responses were further transduced into individual initiated conversational units (speaker-listener-speaker rotations). These data were statistically analyzed with previously collected child educational variables and mother demographic variables: child's level of verbal behavior in accordance with the Verbal Behavior Developmental Assessment-Revised (VBDA-R), number of acquired objectives on the Comprehensive Application of Behavior Analysis to Schooling International Curriculum and Inventory of Repertoires for Children from Preschool through Kindergarten (C-PIRK), the Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) severity scores, and the scores on the Vineland-3 Adaptive Behavior Scales-Third Edition (VABS-3). The mother demographic variables were level of education and household income. The results of the study were as follow: (1) a significant relationship was shown between the child's level of verbal behavior (extracted from the VBDA-R) and performance on the C-PIRK, VABS-3, and between the ADOS-2 Modules used to assess for ASD severity; (2) the results did not show a significant difference between the child's level of verbal behavior and the number of child-initiated conversational units. The differences in the verbal behavior exchanged between the mother and child were, however, indicated across the child's form of verbal behavior - vocal, non-lexical, and non-vocal verbal behavior - emitted with the mother. Results are interpreted as parents of children without vocal verbal behavior require parent training tailored to their child's verbal developmental repertoires rather than their chronological age to ensure all communicative opportunities are captured. Educational implications, limitations, and future avenues of research are discussed

All the world's my stage.

All The World's My Stage is the action-filled comedy of Kimberly Peterson's woefully isolated and loveless life. Middle-aged and single, her most recent love affair only exists in her dreams with her favorite movie star. While searching for inspiration for her next romance novel, she happens across the goddess Bali, trapped in a cheap statue in the local antique shop. In exchange for freedom from her tawdry prison, Bali promises to help Kim find true love. Life on the run from Bali's evil twin sister and her mafia of Mau priestesses sure makes Kim's life more exciting. Things heat up when she partners with Gregorian Laydon, the super-sexy love god, who joins Kim's quest to rescue Bali from her enemies. Between vengeful deities and everyone concealing personal secrets, Kim's emotions go on a roller-coaster ride, making it hard to know which way is up. However, Kim courageously faces these challenges head on to: solve the puzzle of her past, save Bali, and win Greg's love, despite all obstacles. All The World's My Stage shows the importance of self-reliance in a world that relies so heavily on partnerships. Kim's independence is the reason she can survive in this chaotic world of gods, warriors, and clairvoyance, as well as, finally allowing herself to fall in love. This is the story of strong will versus immortal gods, and the virtues that humanity holds over omnipotence. Love, we see, really does conquer all

Wandermust

“Wandermust” is a collection of prose poems that uses both poetic descriptive language and narrative to portray the persona’s experiences in her hometown and abroad. The collection makes use of nonce words as a compositional strategy to facilitate a more visceral reading experience and to develop the persona’s character, since existing words in the English lexicon do not always suffice in conveying the persona’s concept of a sensory experience. Just as the nonce words aid the persona in exploring and expressing her surroundings and her identity, they foster an experience in which the reader can explore and experience the nuances of the English language. By reading new words, the reader travels through and tours the English language; they read words yoked together that may never have been compounded before, process word hybridizations for new and existing ideas, view nouns and adjectives from the angles of verbs, and imagine written sound in new ways. The more intricately descriptive aspects of the poetry also function to breathe life into the settings in which the persona finds herself, turning settings into characters with which she interacts. Some of these prose poems read as flash fictions, whereas others read as run-on sentences or fragmented sentences in a stream-of-consciousness poetic style that reflects the persona’s processing of and curiosity about her surroundings. Both the content of the poems and their fluctuating formats mirror the persona’s restlessness as they portray her continual search for belonging, identity, and fulfillment – a journey that, by the end of the manuscript, she is still undertaking

The Wellesley News (05-14-1931)

https://repository.wellesley.edu/news/1887/thumbnail.jp

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior

The present study was undertaken to test and evaluate the various taxonomic arrangements of the family, to discover some of the trends of behavioral evolution, and to provide a basis for future workers to use in naming, describing, and evaluating the behavioral patterns observed in waterfowl. The major sexual behavior patterns of the species of Anatidae are reviewed and summarized, for the purpose of clarifying evolutionary relationships in the family, tracing the evolution of behavior patterns through various taxa, and evaluating the importance of certain behavior patterns as potential isolating mechanisms. Species treated include: Magpie Goose, Fulvous and Cuban Whistling Ducks, Whistling Ducks, Mute Swan, Black Swan, Black-necked Swan, Whooper Swan, Trumpeter Swan, Whistling Swan, Bewick\u27s Swan, Coscoroba Swan, Swan Goose, Typical Gray Geese, Bar-headed Goose, Aberrant Gray Geese, Hawaiian Goose, Canada Goose, Barnacle Goose, Brant, Red-breasted Goose, Cape Barren Goose, Blue-winged Goose, Andean Goose, Magellan Goose, Ashy-headed Goose, Ruddy-headed Goose, Orinoco Goose, Egyptian Goose, Ruddy Shelduck, Cape Shelduck, New Zealand Shelduck, Australian Shelduck, Common Shelduck, Radjah Shelduck, Flightless Steamer Ducks, Spur-winged Goose, White-winged Wood Duck, Comb Duck, Hartlaub\u27s Duck, Ringed Teal, Wood Duck, Mandarin Duck, Australian Wood Duck, Brazilian Teal, Blue Duck, Salvadori\u27s Duck, African Black Duck, European Wigeon, Child Wigeon, Falcated Duck, Gadwall, Baikal Teal, Common Teal, Sharp-winged Teal, Cape Teal, Gray Teal, Chestnut Teal, Mallard, Florida Duck, Hawaiian Duck, Laysan Duck, African Yellow-bill, New Zealand Gray Duck, Bronze-winged Duck, Crested Duck, Common Pintail, Kerguelen Pintail, Yellow-billed Pintail, Bahama Pintail, Red-billed Pintail, Silver Teal, Silver Teal, Hottentot Teal, Garganey, Cinnamon Teal, Cinnamon Teal, Red Shoveler, Cape Shoveler, Common Shoveler, Marbled Teal, Red-crested Pochard, Southern Pochard, Rosy-bill, Canvasback, European Pochard, Redhead, Ring-necked Duck, Australian White-eye, Baer\u27s Pochard, Common White-eye, Common White-eye, New Zealand Scaup, Tufted Duck, Greater Scaup, Greater Scaup, Lesser Scaup, European Eider, King Eider, Spectacled Eider, Steller\u27s Eider, Long-tailed Duck, European Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Barrow\u27s Goldeneye, Barrow\u27s Goldeneye, Common Goldeneye, Hooded Merganser, Smew, Red-breasted Merganser, Goosander, Black-headed Duck, North American Ruddy Duck, Argentine Ruddy Duck, White-backed Duck Contents: INTRODUCTION Background and Objectives of This Study Value and Limitations of Behavior as a Taxonomic Tool Biological Characteristics of the Family Anatidae THE SUBFAMILY ANSERANATINAE Tribe Anseranatini (Magpie Goose) THE SUBFAMILY ANSERINAE Tribe Dendrocygnini (Whistling Ducks) Tribe Anserini (Swans and True Geese) Tribe Stictonettini (Freckled Duck) THE SUBFAMILY ANATINAE Tribe Tadornini (Sheldgeese and Shelducks) Tribe Tachyerini (Steamer Ducks) Tribe Cairinini (Perching Ducks) Tribe Anatini (Surface-feeding Ducks) Tribe Aythyini (Pochards) Tribe Mergini (Sea Ducks) Tribe Oxyurini (Stiff-tailed Ducks) SUMMARY APPENDIX: Synopsis of the Family Anatidae WORKS CITED GENERAL INDEX INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 403 pages; 20 b/w photographs; hundreds of drawings PDF files size = 16 Mbyte

Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior

The present study was undertaken to test and evaluate the various taxonomic arrangements of the family, to discover some of the trends of behavioral evolution, and to provide a basis for future workers to use in naming, describing, and evaluating the behavioral patterns observed in waterfowl. The major sexual behavior patterns of the species of Anatidae are reviewed and summarized, for the purpose of clarifying evolutionary relationships in the family, tracing the evolution of behavior patterns through various taxa, and evaluating the importance of certain behavior patterns as potential isolating mechanisms. Species treated include: Magpie Goose, Fulvous and Cuban Whistling Ducks, Whistling Ducks, Mute Swan, Black Swan, Black-necked Swan, Whooper Swan, Trumpeter Swan, Whistling Swan, Bewick\u27s Swan, Coscoroba Swan, Swan Goose, Typical Gray Geese, Bar-headed Goose, Aberrant Gray Geese, Hawaiian Goose, Canada Goose, Barnacle Goose, Brant, Red-breasted Goose, Cape Barren Goose, Blue-winged Goose, Andean Goose, Magellan Goose, Ashy-headed Goose, Ruddy-headed Goose, Orinoco Goose, Egyptian Goose, Ruddy Shelduck, Cape Shelduck, New Zealand Shelduck, Australian Shelduck, Common Shelduck, Radjah Shelduck, Flightless Steamer Ducks, Spur-winged Goose, White-winged Wood Duck, Comb Duck, Hartlaub\u27s Duck, Ringed Teal, Wood Duck, Mandarin Duck, Australian Wood Duck, Brazilian Teal, Blue Duck, Salvadori\u27s Duck, African Black Duck, European Wigeon, Child Wigeon, Falcated Duck, Gadwall, Baikal Teal, Common Teal, Sharp-winged Teal, Cape Teal, Gray Teal, Chestnut Teal, Mallard, Florida Duck, Hawaiian Duck, Laysan Duck, African Yellow-bill, New Zealand Gray Duck, Bronze-winged Duck, Crested Duck, Common Pintail, Kerguelen Pintail, Yellow-billed Pintail, Bahama Pintail, Red-billed Pintail, Silver Teal, Silver Teal, Hottentot Teal, Garganey, Cinnamon Teal, Cinnamon Teal, Red Shoveler, Cape Shoveler, Common Shoveler, Marbled Teal, Red-crested Pochard, Southern Pochard, Rosy-bill, Canvasback, European Pochard, Redhead, Ring-necked Duck, Australian White-eye, Baer\u27s Pochard, Common White-eye, Common White-eye, New Zealand Scaup, Tufted Duck, Greater Scaup, Greater Scaup, Lesser Scaup, European Eider, King Eider, Spectacled Eider, Steller\u27s Eider, Long-tailed Duck, European Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Barrow\u27s Goldeneye, Barrow\u27s Goldeneye, Common Goldeneye, Hooded Merganser, Smew, Red-breasted Merganser, Goosander, Black-headed Duck, North American Ruddy Duck, Argentine Ruddy Duck, White-backed Duck Contents: INTRODUCTION Background and Objectives of This Study Value and Limitations of Behavior as a Taxonomic Tool Biological Characteristics of the Family Anatidae THE SUBFAMILY ANSERANATINAE Tribe Anseranatini (Magpie Goose) THE SUBFAMILY ANSERINAE Tribe Dendrocygnini (Whistling Ducks) Tribe Anserini (Swans and True Geese) Tribe Stictonettini (Freckled Duck) THE SUBFAMILY ANATINAE Tribe Tadornini (Sheldgeese and Shelducks) Tribe Tachyerini (Steamer Ducks) Tribe Cairinini (Perching Ducks) Tribe Anatini (Surface-feeding Ducks) Tribe Aythyini (Pochards) Tribe Mergini (Sea Ducks) Tribe Oxyurini (Stiff-tailed Ducks) SUMMARY APPENDIX: Synopsis of the Family Anatidae WORKS CITED GENERAL INDEX INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 403 pages; 20 b/w photographs; hundreds of drawings PDF files size = 16 Mbyte