Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 267, January 1985

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in the Supplements 255 through 266 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A Continuing Bibliography. It includes seven indexes--subject, personal author, corporate source, foreign technology, contract number, report number, and accession number

Potent Plants, Cool Hearts: a landscape of healing in Laos

This thesis maps a landscape of healing in southern lowland Laos, demonstrating how traditional medicine and health practices engage with and occur within the local environment, set against the wider socio-political landscape. Rural fieldwork conducted with traditional healers, villagers and health staff in Champasak province utilised methods from anthropology and ethnopharmacology, and included work within state institutions. In rural Laos, traditional medicine use is commonly a response to chronic illness, as part of complex trajectories of care. Its popularity is strongly influenced both by social and familial connections and trust in practitioners associated with their reputation and positive experiences of the therapeutic encounter. Good health necessitates strengthening the blood and body boundaries to prevent illness, and attention to the mental-emotional and spiritual state. Social wellbeing and networks of care are also integral to regaining health; this is enacted during the soul-calling ceremony, a popular ritual for wellbeing. Traditional medicine forms are heterogeneous and localised, operating primarily outside the formal healthcare context, without a prominent power hierarchy with biomedicine and state regulation. Concurrently, Lao medical practices and knowledge can be situated within intersecting and layered medical and religious landscapes of Southeast, East and South Asia. Characteristics of the Lao healers’ medicines include the collection of fresh plant materials in the wild, preparation methods such as grinding raw woody parts into water, the use of unique herbal formulae, blowing techniques and mantra. Whilst tacit knowledge of medicinal plants among rural people arises through social relations and correspondences between plant names and illness forms, the healers’ knowledge is transmitted in specific forms. In treating illness such as fever, healers formulate a complete treatment based on symptom patterns. To ensure potency, the healers follow the logic of phitsanu, which frames efficacy through sources of spiritual power based in local cosmologies, and draw on natural forces such as van plants and astrology. They must thus regulate their actions to protect themselves and their patients from harm

Adverse reaction of Chinese herbal medicines.

Hin-Chung Chu.Thesis submitted in: July 2002.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-306).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Cover (English & Chinese version) --- p.I中文封面 --- p.IIAbstract (English version) --- p.III-IV中藥不良反應論文摘要 --- p.VAcknowledgements --- p.VIAbbreviations --- p.VII-VIIIPublication in press --- p.IXContent --- p.X-XVLists of Table --- p.XVIChapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-3Chapter Chapter 2 --- Chinese herbal medicines used in Hong Kong. --- p.4-15Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.4-5Chapter 2.2 --- The Policy In Hong Kong -- Past And Present --- p.5-1Chapter 2.3 --- The Preparatory Committee on Chinese Medicine (PCCM) --- p.7-8Chapter 2.4 --- The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong --- p.8-10Chapter 2.5 --- Development of Standards --- p.10Chapter 2.6 --- Development of Centres of Good Clinical Practice --- p.10-11Chapter 2.7 --- Establishment of a Good System of Education and Training --- p.11Chapter 2.8 --- Investigation of Suspected Herbal Toxicity Cases --- p.12-13Chapter 2.8.1 --- Herbal Safety Surveillance --- p.13-14Chapter 2.9 --- Conclusion --- p.14-15Chapter Chapter 3 --- Herbal medicines used in other countries --- p.16-45Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.16Chapter 3.2 --- China --- p.16-19Chapter 3.3 --- Macau --- p.22-23Chapter 3.4 --- Taiwan --- p.23-26Chapter 3.5 --- Japan --- p.27-30Chapter 3.6 --- Singapore --- p.30-31Chapter 3.7 --- Australia --- p.31-34Chapter 3.8 --- Others Asian countries --- p.35Chapter 3.9 --- USA --- p.35-39Chapter 3.10 --- United Kingdom --- p.39-41Chapter 3.11 --- Europe --- p.41-43Chapter 3.12 --- Germany --- p.43-45Chapter Chapter 4 --- Adverse reaction -- General Aspect --- p.46-63Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.46Chapter 4.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine --- p.47-49Chapter 4.2.1 --- Compound Prescriptions to Reduce Toxicity --- p.50Chapter 4.2.2 --- Processing Of Chinese Herbs --- p.50-51Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- The Aims of Herbal Drug Processing --- p.51-52Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- The Methods of Herbal Drug Processing --- p.52Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- External processing (simple treatment by trimming) --- p.52-53Chapter 4.2.2.4 --- Water processing --- p.53-54Chapter 4.2.2.5 --- Fire processing --- p.54Chapter 4.2.2.6 --- Water-fire processing --- p.54-55Chapter 4.2.2.7 --- Other methods --- p.55Chapter 4.3 --- Practical Problem in Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.55-57Chapter 4.4 --- Evaluation of herbal adverse reactions --- p.57Chapter 4.4.1 --- Type A reactions --- p.57Chapter 4.4.2 --- Type B reactions --- p.58Chapter 4.4.3 --- Type C reactions --- p.58Chapter 4.4.4 --- Type D reactions --- p.58Chapter 4.5 --- Chinese Proprietary medicine --- p.58-59Chapter 4.6 --- Potential Risks for Herbal Adverse Reaction --- p.59Chapter 4.6.1 --- Misidentification --- p.59-60Chapter 4.6.2 --- Lack of standardisation --- p.60Chapter 4.6.3 --- Contamination --- p.60Chapter 4.6.4 --- Incorrect preparation / dosage --- p.60Chapter 4.6.5 --- Excessive dosage --- p.60-61Chapter 4.6.6 --- Individual errors --- p.61Chapter 4.6.7 --- Individual response --- p.61Chapter 4.6.8 --- Unqualified Herbal Practitioner with Wrong Prescription --- p.61-62Chapter 4.6.9 --- Interaction with Western medicine --- p.62Chapter 4.6.10 --- Prolonged Usage --- p.62Chapter 4.6.11. --- Coexisting disease --- p.62-63Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.63Chapter Chapter 5 --- "Substitution, Adulteration or Misusing with Toxic Herbs" --- p.64-84Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.64-65Chapter 5.2 --- Adulteration by Guijiu --- p.65-68Chapter 5.3 --- Anticholinergic reactions Caused by --- p.69-74Chapter 5.4 --- Overdosage --- p.74Chapter 5.4.1 --- Overdose of Aconitine --- p.74-78Chapter 5.4.2 --- Overdose of Liquorice ('Gancao') --- p.78-80Chapter 5.4.3 --- Overdose of --- p.80Chapter 5.5 --- Misusing - Personal abuse --- p.80Chapter 5.5.1 --- --- p.80-81Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.81-84Chapter 5.7 --- Conclusion --- p.84Chapter Chapter 6 --- Chinese Patent Medicine - General Aspect --- p.85-112Chapter 6.1 --- Chinese Patent Medicine --- p.85Chapter 6.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.85-87Chapter 6.1.2 --- Herbal Injection and Infusion --- p.87-88Chapter 6.1.2.1 --- Variety & Processing --- p.88Chapter 6.1.2.2 --- Stabilization --- p.88-89Chapter 6.1.2.3 --- The Molecular Size --- p.89-90Chapter 6.1.3 --- Adverse Reactions Caused by Chinese Proprietary Medicines --- p.90Chapter 6.1.3.1 --- Aconitine poisoning --- p.90Chapter 6.1.3.2 --- Nan Lien Chui Fong Toukuwan' --- p.90-91Chapter 6.1.3.3 --- Jin Bu Huan' --- p.91Chapter 6.1.3.4 --- Baoyingdan' --- p.91Chapter 6.1.4 --- Heavy metals in CPM --- p.91Chapter 6.1.5 --- The Necessarity to Develop Randomise Herbal Clinical Trial. --- p.91-92Chapter 6.1.6 --- Recommendation --- p.92-93Chapter 6.1.7 --- Conclusion --- p.93-94Chapter 6.2 --- Adulteration by synthetic therapeutic substances --- p.95-104Chapter 6.2.1 --- The Experiences in China --- p.91-99Chapter 6.2.2 --- The Experiences in Hong Kong --- p.99-101Chapter 6.2.3 --- The Experience in Taiwan --- p.101-102Chapter 6.2.4 --- Discussion --- p.102-104Chapter 6.3 --- Oil of Wintergreen (Methyl salicylate) --- p.104-112Chapter 6.3.1 --- Overview --- p.104-111Chapter 6.3.2 --- Prevention --- p.111-112Chapter Chapter 7 --- Adverse effects of Ginseng. --- p.113-123Chapter 7.1 --- Overview --- p.113Chapter 7.2 --- Botany --- p.113-114Chapter 7.3 --- Pharmacological Effects --- p.114-115Chapter 7.4 --- Adverse reaction of Ginseng --- p.115Chapter 7.4.1 --- Overdosage --- p.115-116Chapter 7.4.2 --- Substitution with cheaper and more toxic herbs --- p.116-121Chapter 7.5 --- Drug - herb Interaction --- p.121-122Chapter 7.6 --- Conclusion --- p.123Chapter Chapter 8 --- Herbal Medicines With Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions --- p.124-123Chapter 8.1 --- Overview --- p.124Chapter 8.2 --- Hypertension --- p.124Chapter 8.3 --- Atherosclerosis --- p.124-125Chapter 8.4 --- Arrhythmias --- p.125-126Chapter 8.5 --- Cardic Failure --- p.126Chapter 8.6 --- Angia Pectoris --- p.126Chapter 8.7 --- Thromboembolic Disorders --- p.126-127Chapter 8.8 --- Discussion --- p.127-128Chapter 8.8.1 --- Herbal Medicine Used in Cardiovascular System --- p.131Chapter 8.8.1.1 --- Ginseng --- p.131-133Chapter 8.8.1.2 --- Ma huang (Ephedra sinica) --- p.133-136Chapter 8.8.1.3 --- Yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia) --- p.136-137Chapter 8.8.1.4 --- Stephania tetrandra --- p.137-138Chapter 8.8.1.5 --- Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) --- p.138Chapter 8.8.1.8 --- Ginkgo biloba --- p.138-140Chapter 8.8.1.9 --- Dong Quai (Angelicae Sinensis) --- p.140-141Chapter 8.8.1.10 --- Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) --- p.141-143Chapter 8.8.1.11 --- Berberine --- p.143Chapter 8.8.2 --- Potential Problem Caused by Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.143-144Chapter 8.9 --- Other Herbal Adverse Effects And Drug Interaction --- p.144-145Chapter 8.10 --- Conclusion --- p.145Chapter Chapter 9 --- Review of the Adverse Reactions to herbal treatments of Obesity --- p.146-150Chapter 9.1 --- Overview --- p.146Chapter 9.2 --- Combined With Unknown medication --- p.146-147Chapter 9.3 --- Dietary Supplements and Herbal Preparations --- p.147-149Chapter 9.4 --- Conclusion --- p.149-150Chapter Chapter 10 --- Adverse Effects of CHM used for Diabetes --- p.151-159Chapter 10.1 --- Introduction --- p.151Chapter 10.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine used in Diabetes --- p.151Chapter 10.3 --- Adverse Reaction of Alternative Diabetic Treatment --- p.152-158Chapter 10.4 --- Conclusion --- p.159Chapter Chapter 11 --- Review of Herbal Hepatotoxicity --- p.160-194Chapter 11.1 --- Introduction --- p.160-161Chapter 11.2 --- Drug-induced hepatic injury --- p.161-163Chapter 11.3 --- Types of Liver Injury --- p.163Chapter 11.3.1 --- Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) --- p.163Chapter 11.4 --- Hepatotoxicity Herbs --- p.163Chapter 11.4.1 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.163-164Chapter 11.4.2 --- Rhizoma Discoreae Bulbiferae --- p.164-165Chapter 11.5 --- Consumption of Insect herbs --- p.165Chapter 11.6 --- Hepatotoxicity Cause by Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.165-166Chapter 11.6.1 --- Jin Bu Huan --- p.166-168Chapter 11.6.2 --- Chi R Yun (Breynia officinalis) --- p.168Chapter 11.6.3 --- Sho-saiko-to --- p.168-169Chapter 11.6.4 --- Shou-Wu-Pian --- p.169-171Chapter 11.7 --- Importance of Drug-Herb and Herb-Herb Interactions --- p.171-172Chapter 11.8 --- Diagnosis of Herbal Hepatotoxicity --- p.172-173Chapter 11.9 --- Recomandation --- p.173-174Chapter 11.10 --- Conclusion --- p.175Table --- p.176-180Chapter Chapter 12 --- Review of Herbal Nephropathy --- p.181-194Chapter 12.1 --- Introduction --- p.181Chapter 12.2 --- Aristolochia acids (AA) --- p.181-183Chapter 12.2.1 --- Intoxication of Aristolochia in Worldwide --- p.183-184Chapter 12.2.2 --- Morphological findings --- p.184-185Chapter 12.2.3 --- Carcinogenic --- p.185-187Chapter 12.3 --- MuTong (Aristolochia manshuriensis) --- p.187-188Chapter 12.4 --- Ma-dou-ling (Fructus Aristolochiae) --- p.188Chapter 12.5 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.188-189Chapter 12.6 --- Gastrodia Elata --- p.189Chapter 12.7 --- Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) --- p.190-191Chapter 12.8 --- Hippocampus (Sea Horse) --- p.191Chapter 12.9 --- Milabris Phanalerata --- p.191-192Chapter 12.10 --- Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.192-193Chapter 12.11 --- Conclusion --- p.193-194Chapter Chapter 13 --- Adverse Reaction of Herbal Medicine in Dermatology. --- p.195-217Chapter 13.1 --- Overview --- p.195-196Chapter 13.2 --- Chinese Herbal Medicine Used in Psoriasis --- p.196Chapter 13.2.1 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.197Chapter 13.2.2 --- Radix Angelicae pubescentis and Radix Angelicae dahuricae --- p.197-198Chapter 13.2.3 --- Radix macrotomiae seu Lithospermi Injection --- p.198Chapter 13.3 --- Chinese Herbal Decoction For Atopic Dermatitis --- p.198-200Chapter 13.3.1 --- Tea Extracts --- p.200-201Chapter 13.4 --- Potential Adverse Effect with Herbal Medicine --- p.201Chapter 13.4.1 --- Allergic skin reactions --- p.201-202Chapter 13.4.2 --- Stevens-Johnson syndrome --- p.202Chapter 13.4.3 --- Photosensitization --- p.202-204Chapter 13.4.4 --- Pellagra --- p.204Chapter 13.4.5 --- Hepatotoxic Effects --- p.204-205Chapter 13.4.6 --- Others Adverse Reaction --- p.205Chapter 13.4.7 --- Potential Adverse Reaction Caused by Interactions --- p.205Chapter 13.5 --- Potential Adverse Reaction Caused by Contamination of Herbal Product --- p.206Chapter 13.5.1 --- Herbal creams adulterated with corticosteroids --- p.206-207Chapter 13.5.2 --- Arsenic dermatoses --- p.207Chapter 13.5.3 --- Mercury poisoning --- p.207-208Table --- p.208-211Chapter 13.6 --- Dermatological Adverse Reaction Caused by Herbs --- p.211Chapter 13.7 --- Contact Dermatitis Caused by CPM --- p.211-212Chapter 13.7.1 --- Liushenwan' --- p.211-212Chapter 13.7.2 --- Heiguiyou' --- p.212Chapter 13.7.3 --- 101 Hair Regrowth Liniment' --- p.212-213Chapter 13.7.4 --- Zhenggushui' --- p.213Chapter 13.7.5 --- Tiedayaoiing' --- p.213-214Table --- p.214-215Chapter 13.8 --- Non-dermatological adverse effects of systemic herbal treatments used for dermatological conditions --- p.215-216Chapter 13.9 --- Conclusion --- p.216-217Chapter Chapter 14 --- "Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pregnancy, Infants & Children," --- p.218-229Chapter 14.1 --- Overview --- p.218-219Chapter 14.2 --- Asian Cultures for Pregnancy --- p.219-223Chapter 14.3 --- Teratogenic Herbs --- p.224-225Chapter 14.4 --- Chinese proprietary medicines --- p.225Chapter 14.4.1 --- "“Tse Koo Choy""" --- p.225-226Chapter 14.4.2 --- "“Lu Shen Wan""" --- p.226Chapter 14.4.3 --- "“Po Ying Pills""" --- p.226-227Chapter 14.4.4 --- """Jin Bu Huan Toxicity"" in Children" --- p.227Chapter 14.6 --- Topical Preparations --- p.227-228Chapter 14.7 --- Dietary supplement --- p.228-229Chapter 14.8 --- Conclusion --- p.229Chapter Chapter 15 --- Heavy metals poisoning in traditional Chinese medicines. --- p.230-251Chapter 15.1 --- Introduction --- p.230-232Chapter 15.2 --- LEAD --- p.232Chapter 15.2.1 --- Overview --- p.232Chapter 15.2.2 --- Poisoning Cases of Boa Ning Dan --- p.233-235Chapter 15.2.3 --- Lead Poisoning in Worldwide --- p.235-238Chapter 15.3 --- MERCURY --- p.238Chapter 15.3.1 --- Overview --- p.238-239Chapter 15.3.2 --- Cinnabar --- p.239-240Chapter 15.3.3 --- Presentation --- p.240-241Chapter 15.3.4 --- Poisoning Cases --- p.241-242Chapter 15.4 --- ARSENIC --- p.242Chapter 15.4.1 --- Overview --- p.242-243Chapter 15.4.2 --- Arsenic toxicity --- p.243-244Chapter 15.4.3 --- The toxicologic mechanisms of inorganic arsenic --- p.244-246Chapter 15.4.4 --- Poisoning Cases --- p.246Chapter 15.4.5 --- Discussion --- p.247-248Chapter 15.5 --- Conclusion --- p.248Table --- p.249-251Chapter Chapter 16 --- Herb - Drug Interactions --- p.252-269Chapter 16.1 --- Overview --- p.252-254Chapter 16.2 --- Effects of Herb-drug interactions --- p.255Chapter 16.2.1 --- Gastrointestinal system --- p.255-256Chapter 16.2.2 --- Cardiovascular system --- p.256Chapter 16.2.3 --- Central nervous system --- p.257Chapter 16.2.4 --- Endocrine system --- p.257Chapter 16.3 --- Reason regard to herb-drug interactions --- p.257Chapter 16.3.1 --- Lack of Knowledge About Herbs --- p.257Chapter 16.3.2 --- Mislabelling or Adulteration --- p.258Chapter 16.3.3 --- Lack of Patient Communication About Use of Botanicals --- p.258Chapter 16.3.4 --- Lack of Practitioner Knowledge About Potential Interactions --- p.258Chapter 16.4 --- Metabolism of Herb-Drug Interaction --- p.258-259Chapter 16.5 --- Pharmacologic Interactions --- p.259-260Chapter 16.5.1 --- Interaction with Antibiotics --- p.260Chapter 16.5.2 --- Interaction with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs --- p.260-261Chapter 16.5.3 --- Interaction with Sedatives --- p.261-262Chapter 16.5.4 --- Interaction with Anticoagulants --- p.262-263Chapter 16.5.5 --- Interaction with Anti-hypertensives and Diuretics --- p.263Chapter 16.5.6 --- Interaction with Spironolactone --- p.264Chapter 16.5.7 --- Interaction with Corticosteroids and Cyclosporine --- p.264-265Chapter 16.5.8 --- Interaction with Estrogen Replacement Therapy --- p.265Chapter 16.5.9 --- Interactions Between Natural Product and Drug --- p.265-266Chapter 16.6 --- Herb-to-Herb Interactions --- p.266-267Chapter 16.7 --- Conclusion --- p.268-269Chapter Chapter 17 --- Recommendation --- p.270-264Chapter 17.1 --- Overview --- p.270Chapter 17.2 --- The need to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine --- p.270-271Chapter 17.3 --- For the Pharmaceutical Industries --- p.211-212Chapter 17.4 --- For the physicians & patient --- p.272-274Conclusion --- p.274Chapter Chapter 18 --- Conclusion --- p.275-280Chapter Chapter 19 --- Reference --- p.281-30

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A cumulative index to the 1982 issues

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in the Supplements 229 through 240 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing Bibliography. It includes three indexes: subject, personal author, and corporate source

Epidemiology of Injury in English Women's Super league Football: A Cohort Study

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiology of injury in male professional football has been well documented (Ekstrand, Hägglund, & Waldén, 2011) and used as a basis to understand injury trends for a number of years. The prevalence and incidence of injuries occurring in womens super league football is unknown. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of injury in an English Super League Women’s Football squad. METHODS: Following ethical approval from Leeds Beckett University, players (n = 25) signed to a Women’s Super League Football club provided written informed consent to complete a self-administered injury survey. Measures of exposure, injury and performance over a 12-month period was gathered. Participants were classified as injured if they reported a football injury that required medical attention or withdrawal from participation for one day or more. Injuries were categorised as either traumatic or overuse and whether the injury was a new injury and/or re-injury of the same anatomical site RESULTS: 43 injuries, including re-injury were reported by the 25 participants providing a clinical incidence of 1.72 injuries per player. Total incidence of injury was 10.8/1000 h (95% CI: 7.5 to 14.03). Participants were at higher risk of injury during a match compared with training (32.4 (95% CI: 15.6 to 48.4) vs 8.0 (95% CI: 5.0 to 10.85)/1000 hours, p 28 days) of which there were three non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The epidemiological incidence proportion was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64 to 0.95) and the average probability that any player on this team will sustain at least one injury was 80.0% (95% CI: 64.3% to 95.6%) CONCLUSION: This is the first report capturing exposure and injury incidence by anatomical site from a cohort of English players and is comparable to that found in Europe (6.3/1000 h (95% CI 5.4 to 7.36) Larruskain et al 2017). The number of ACL injuries highlights a potential injury burden for a squad of this size. Multi-site prospective investigations into the incidence and prevalence of injury in women’s football are require

Muscle activation patterns in shoulder impingement patients

Introduction: Shoulder impingement is one of the most common presentations of shoulder joint problems 1. It appears to be caused by a reduction in the sub-acromial space as the humerus abducts between 60o -120o – the 'painful arc'. Structures between the humeral head and the acromion are thus pinched causing pain and further pathology 2. Shoulder muscle activity can influence this joint space but it is unclear whether this is a cause or effect in impingement patients. This study aimed to observe muscle activation patterns in normal and impingement shoulder patients and determine if there were any significant differences. Method: 19 adult subjects were asked to perform shoulder abduction in their symptomatic arm and non-symptomatic. 10 of these subjects (age 47.9 ± 11.2) were screened for shoulder impingement, and 9 subjects (age 38.9 ± 14.3) had no history of shoulder pathology. Surface EMG was used to collect data for 6 shoulder muscles (Upper, middle and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, infraspinatus, middle deltoids) which was then filtered and fully rectified. Subjects performed 3 smooth unilateral abduction movements at a cadence of 16 beats of a metronome set at 60bpm, and the mean of their results was recorded. T-tests were used to indicate any statistical significance in the data sets. Significance was set at P<0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in muscle activation with serratus anterior in particular showing a very low level of activation throughout the range when compared to normal shoulder activation patterns (<30%). Middle deltoid recruitment was significantly reduced between 60-90o in the impingement group (30:58%).Trends were noted in other muscles with upper trapezius and infraspinatus activating more rapidly and erratically (63:25%; 60:27% respectively), and lower trapezius with less recruitment (13:30%) in the patient group, although these did not quite reach significance. Conclusion: There appears to be some interesting alterations in muscle recruitment patterns in impingement shoulder patients when compared against their own unaffected shoulders and the control group. In particular changes in scapula control (serratus anterior and trapezius) and lateral rotation (infraspinatus), which have direct influence on the sub-acromial space, should be noted. It is still not clear whether these alterations are causative or reactionary, but this finding gives a clear indication to the importance of addressing muscle reeducation as part of a rehabilitation programme in shoulder impingement patients

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Incidence of Injury in Professional Female Soccer

The epidemiology of injury in male professional football is well documented and has been used as a basis to monitor injury trends and implement injury prevention strategies. There are no systematic reviews that have investigated injury incidence in women’s professional football. Therefore, the extent of injury burden in women’s professional football remains unknown. PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was to calculate an overall incidence rate of injury in senior female professional soccer. The secondary aims were to provide an incidence rate for training and match play. METHODS: PubMed, Discover, EBSCO, Embase and ScienceDirect electronic databases were searched from inception to September 2018. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement using a 22-item STROBE checklist. Seven prospective studies (n=1137 professional players) were combined in a pooled analysis of injury incidence using a mixed effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochrane Q statistic and I2. RESULTS: The epidemiological incidence proportion over one season was 0.62 (95% CI 0.59 - 0.64). Mean total incidence of injury was 3.15 (95% CI 1.54 - 4.75) injuries per 1000 hours. The mean incidence of injury during match play was 10.72 (95% CI 9.11 - 12.33) and during training was 2.21 (95% CI 0.96 - 3.45). Data analysis found a significant level of heterogeneity (total Incidence, X2 = 16.57 P < 0.05; I2 = 63.8%) and during subsequent sub group analyses in those studies reviewed (match incidence, X2 = 76.4 (d.f. = 7), P <0.05; I2 = 90.8%, training incidence, X2 = 16.97 (d.f. = 7), P < 0.05; I2 = 58.8%). Appraisal of the study methodologies revealed inconsistency in the use of injury terminology, data collection procedures and calculation of exposure by researchers. Such inconsistencies likely contribute to the large variance in the incidence and prevalence of injury reported. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated risk of sustaining at least one injury over one football season is 62%. Continued reporting of heterogeneous results in population samples limits meaningful comparison of studies. Standardising the criteria used to attribute injury and activity coupled with more accurate methods of calculating exposure will overcome such limitations

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 389)

This bibliography lists 234 reports, articles, and other documents recently introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and physiology, life support systems and man/system technology, protective clothing, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, planetary biology, and flight crew behavior and performance

Computational Intelligence in Electromyography Analysis

Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG may be used clinically for the diagnosis of neuromuscular problems and for assessing biomechanical and motor control deficits and other functional disorders. Furthermore, it can be used as a control signal for interfacing with orthotic and/or prosthetic devices or other rehabilitation assists. This book presents an updated overview of signal processing applications and recent developments in EMG from a number of diverse aspects and various applications in clinical and experimental research. It will provide readers with a detailed introduction to EMG signal processing techniques and applications, while presenting several new results and explanation of existing algorithms. This book is organized into 18 chapters, covering the current theoretical and practical approaches of EMG research