State of the Art Review of High Voltage Insulation Monitoring

The devastating effects of global warming and climate change are now well understood and there is broad unity that fundamental changes are needed. This is clearly addressed in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The main perpetrator contributing to global warming and climate change is how we consume energy, which will need to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The mass integration of renewable energy sources aimed to mitigate the effects of global warming, will greatly alter how we generate, transmit and consume energy. If we combine this with the large shift in load consumption, due to the integration of electrical vehicles, there is no doubt that the electrical transmission system will be subjected to major changes in future decades. The existing transmission grid is an aged and mature system, with large parts being installed all the way back in 60s and 70s, thus nearing the end of service. The existing grid has continuous performance issues and the knowledge on fault and ageing mechanisms are still insufficient. A thorough assessment of the current state of the grid is necessary in order to properly gauge its ability to cope with mass integration of HV systems, predominantly HVDC. A key part in assessing the current state of the grid while simultaneously increase its resilience is the utilization of high voltage monitoring methods, as they are key to prevent and predict transmission faults. Due to the increased requirement of long distance high capacity transmission, especially in submarine conditions, the knowledge and monitoring of cables will be of high importance. Compared to AC technology, DC have been regarded as niche and specialist field, thus have been allocated far less attention and research, hence the knowledge and technology of DC is still limited. This thesis will assess the state of the art of high voltage monitoring while simultaneously explore its role towards achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Keywords: UN Sustainability Goals, Partial Discharges, Tan Delta, SF6, XLPE, High Voltage MonitoringMasteroppgave i energiENERGI399MAMN-ENER

Accident Triggered by Electrical Failures in Seveso Sites

Electrical maintenance is important for appropriate of Major Accident Prevention Policy MAPP at Seveso sites. At Seveso sites, many accidents include in the causes an electrical failure, due usually to a poor maintenance. Power outages, in particular, originate cascade effects, leading to a possible loss of hazardous materials. The repository of the minor incidents and near misses recorded at Seveso sites is a valuable source for investigating electrical failures, causes, effects and possible prevention and mitigation measures. The present paper discusses a number of incident records, gathered at Seveso establishments, during the mandatory inspections, required by the Seveso Directive. Gathered documents cover different types of plant, including refineries, oil terminal, LPG depots and chemical plants. They have been analysed, using advanced method, including machine learning. The results of this analysis have been exploited to provide the establishments’ operator with a few recommendations, essential to improve electrical safety and prevent major accidents

Methods and Tools for Planning the Future Power System : Issues and Priorities

This report contributes to discussion of the nature of the future power system in the context of the IET’s ‘Power Networks Joint Vision’ initiative. It summarises a number of future challenges arising from the changing nature of generation and demand and the possibility of greater demand-side participation in electricity markets. It argues that these require significant change in respect of current practice in the assessment, planning and development of power network facilities enabling future system operation. It reflects on methods and tools used by network planners in Britain today and discusses areas in which modelling capability needs to be developed and enhanced data or user competencies are required

Regional integrated infrastructure scoping study

The purpose of the study is to consider how the Region should take infrastructure forward in an integrated way at a strategic level and to help scope further work to inform the RSS 2009 Update. It is envisaged that this scoping study is the first part of a major work stream for the Assembly to enable infrastructure to influence future locational decisions and develop a better understanding of the impact of higher levels of growth on the Region’s infrastructure

Dielectric exploration and PD detection in high voltage insulation

Polymeric materials degrade over time, leading to insulation failures. Finding new materials with strong dielectric properties and robust mechanical strength is crucial for reliable electricity supply. These materials must address defects from manufacturing faults, water tree traces, or mechanical stresses. Polyurethane (PU) is known for its self-healing properties, notably its ability to recover from surface dents due to high elasticity. However, self-healing decreases with increased hardness. This study investigates PU's dielectric breakdown properties at varying hardness levels, revealing an increase in breakdown strength with hardness. Balancing hardness and self-healing are essential, providing insights into PU's dielectric properties. In parallel to engineering novel insulating materials, detecting defects early is crucial to prevent deterioration from partial discharges (PDs). Detecting PDs using acoustic emission (AE) signals is not fully explored for cable insulation. Therefore, the study investigates acoustic pulse propagation from PD events in polymer using finite element methods (FEM) in COMSOL. An analytical model in MATLAB quantifies the impact of multiple propagation paths in a cylinder, aided by a Perfect Matched Layer (PML) in the COMSOL model for reflection-free modelling. The models reveal that acoustic pulse magnitudes decrease rapidly with distance, following the inverse square law. Moreover, the study also explores the effects of PU hardness on the propagation characteristics of the AE signal, revealing a high decay rate in AE signal peak magnitude and energy with increasing PU hardness. Frequency spectra analysis indicates stronger attenuation of higher frequency components with distance. The study's revelations on the impact of PU hardness on AE signal characteristics provide engineers with valuable insights for material selection in high voltage systems and applying the AE detection technique to locate the PD events. Industries stand to benefit from material choices, leading to enhanced system reliability and potential cost savings in maintenance.Polymeric materials degrade over time, leading to insulation failures. Finding new materials with strong dielectric properties and robust mechanical strength is crucial for reliable electricity supply. These materials must address defects from manufacturing faults, water tree traces, or mechanical stresses. Polyurethane (PU) is known for its self-healing properties, notably its ability to recover from surface dents due to high elasticity. However, self-healing decreases with increased hardness. This study investigates PU's dielectric breakdown properties at varying hardness levels, revealing an increase in breakdown strength with hardness. Balancing hardness and self-healing are essential, providing insights into PU's dielectric properties. In parallel to engineering novel insulating materials, detecting defects early is crucial to prevent deterioration from partial discharges (PDs). Detecting PDs using acoustic emission (AE) signals is not fully explored for cable insulation. Therefore, the study investigates acoustic pulse propagation from PD events in polymer using finite element methods (FEM) in COMSOL. An analytical model in MATLAB quantifies the impact of multiple propagation paths in a cylinder, aided by a Perfect Matched Layer (PML) in the COMSOL model for reflection-free modelling. The models reveal that acoustic pulse magnitudes decrease rapidly with distance, following the inverse square law. Moreover, the study also explores the effects of PU hardness on the propagation characteristics of the AE signal, revealing a high decay rate in AE signal peak magnitude and energy with increasing PU hardness. Frequency spectra analysis indicates stronger attenuation of higher frequency components with distance. The study's revelations on the impact of PU hardness on AE signal characteristics provide engineers with valuable insights for material selection in high voltage systems and applying the AE detection technique to locate the PD events. Industries stand to benefit from material choices, leading to enhanced system reliability and potential cost savings in maintenance

Dependent Failures And Failure Propagation In Electric Power Systems

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2013Biz toplam kesinti sayısı dağılımını, cascading sürecinden sonra dallanma yöntemi ve yayılma ortalamasına göre tahmin ettikAn initial number of lines outaged can lead to a cascading propagation of further outages. We estimate the amount by which line outages propagate from standard utility data that is reported to TEİAŞ. We estimate the distribution of the total number of outages after cascading from the amount of propagation and a probabilistic branching process model of the cascading.Yüksek LisansM.Sc