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The Role of Learning Organizations in Improving Human Resources Management

The rapid pace of changes in internal and external business environment affects the organizations to develop a new strategy such as learning ; in this change process, what is more important is that how organizations struggle to survive and succeed in business environment . The proposed strategy is that organizations develop into learning organizations , in other words , innovations in different dimensions make the organizations to learn as much as or faster than outside environment , in case the organizations do not embrace change and not learn as much as or even more than environmental changes , doubtlessly, they shall be destroyed. Organizational learning in terms of methods, structures within organization encourages the human resources in the organizations. Keywords: Learning, learning Organizations, Human Resource

Does working memory predict preference to use inherent explanations in scientific observations? A Bayesian Item Response Theory Approach

Understanding the cognitive processes that help people generate explanations is one of the fundamental questions in cognitive science and philosophy. In this study, we try to examine the extent to which working memory capacity can predict peoples’ preference for scientific explanations under uncertainty. Specifically, we distinguish between possible explanations in terms of their focus on inherent vs. extrinsic entities associated with an observation. According to past findings, inherent vs. extrinsic properties of a phenomenon are different in terms of the ease of accessibility for cognitive processes. The results of this research indicate a significant association between people’s tendencies to choose inherent properties of scientific observations and their working memory capacity as measured by operation span task

Navigating doctoral studies in Operations Management and Industrial Engineering

This short guidebook aims to address some frequently asked questions about doctoral studies in industrial management/industrial engineering and the related subjects. The purpose of this guide is to provide practical information with some background justification for each of the items. This is not a replacement for any university official instructions, degree structures or courses offered by the university. The contents of the guide consist of following: positioning what is our field of study, writing and defending a research plan, conducting a literature review and founding on theoretical framework, addressing questions related to research methods, discussing academic publications in conferences and journals, and outlining what constitutes a dissertation in a doctoral level. We hope that this book will demystify the process of doctoral studies, give practical advice of selecting the right journals, conferences, helping to handle review feedback, and other essential parts of the doctoral studies.fi=vertaisarvioimaton|en=nonPeerReviewed

Social and Environmental Accounting and Reporting: From Ridicule to Revolution? From Hope to Hubris? - A Personal Review of the Field

The objective of this essay is to provide a coherent overview of author’s research and scholarshipover the last two decades or so. As such it is a compromise between a revisionist history,an auto-critique and a review essay. This compromise arises, primarily, for two reasons. First,the work I have undertaken in developing social accounting has often been ad hoc and pragmatic;it certainly has not followed a carefully crafted master plan or research design. Secondly,the work is heavily context dependent. Issues such as personal history, changing attitudesin politics, business and the profession, the development of the author’s understandingsand, interaction with colleagues have all had major influence on the research. Some of the workmay only make sense when seen in those contexts.  Copyright © www.iiste.or

Religious diversity, accommodation and governance in Europe

[ES] Esta tesis intenta responder a una pregunta compleja: cómo están acomodando los países europeos a los grupos religiosos minoritarios en sus territorios? Esta pregunta surge una vez que las sociedades europeas ven choques culturales y su lucha por hacer frente a la diversidad religiosa en sus territorios. Debido a la complejidad de la pregunta, se dividió en cinco subpreguntas. 1. ¿Qué es la acomodación religiosa? 2. ¿Cómo se puede medir la Acomodación Religiosa Gubernamental? 3. ¿Qué tan acomodaticios son los países de la UE? 4. ¿Todas las minorías religiosas se acomodan por igual? 5. ¿Hay una singularización negativa de un grupo minoritario en particular? Para responder a la primera pregunta, esta disertación analiza la literatura sobre acomodación religiosa de diversos campos y combina todas las características y dimensiones de los fenómenos en una definición de trabajo. Lo define como un derecho político basado en la libertad religiosa y principios contra la discriminación. También lo ubica en un contexto secular y diferentes modelos de Iglesia-Estado. La revisión de la literatura apunta entonces hacia la necesidad de redefinir la idea de laicismo al que este estudio define como el contexto de convivencia pública entre religiones y estados, fundado en el principio de neutralidad estatal. A partir de esos factores contextuales, se identifican tres pilares de la acomodación que permiten su tránsito al mundo empírico: materiales, prácticas y derechos. Esos constituyen los requisitos mínimos para que una persona practique su fe. Esos pilares guían la selección de variables representativas de los conjuntos de datos de Religion and the State Project (Fox 2019b) y Global Restriction on Religion (Grim y Finke 2006). Esas variables pasan por un Análisis de Correspondencia Múltiple (MCA) para la segunda pregunta. Este método, compatible con variables categóricas, es una herramienta estadística para identificar las variables que explican la mayor variación de los fenómenos y ayuda a evitar la redundancia en las medidas elegidas. El análisis MCA realizado en la presente investigación identifica un espacio bidimensional de Privatización de la Religión y Regulación de la Religión que permite categorizar los casos según estas dos dimensiones. Así, la tercera pregunta se responde con las medidas por países. Donde el país más acomodaticio es Portugal y el menos es Bulgaria. En general, la tendencia predominante entre los miembros de la UE es proporcionar un cierto grado de acomodación religiosa como política general. Las preguntas tercera y cuarta se responden con el mismo proceso pero con diferente unidad de análisis. En lugar de usar países, el enfoque se basa en grupos minoritarios. Los datos se tomaron de the Religious and the State Minorities Project (Fox 2019b). Los principales hallazgos para esas preguntas constituyen un sólido argumento a favor de la singularización negativa del islam en la UE, lo que significa que no todos los grupos reciben el mismo trato. Además, los judíos también presentan algunas dificultades para la práctica de su fe. Finalmente, con la base teórica y los puntajes estadísticos, el paso final se enfoca en crear un indicador compuesto para acomodación religiosa. Los resultados validan los de las secciones anteriores, particularmente en lo que respecta a las desventajas que enfrenta el Islam en la UE. El indicador permite la comparación entre las puntuaciones de los países y las de sus minorías; particularmente porque muestra patrones en los que los países sin políticas generales de acomodo presentan la mayoría de los acuerdos bilaterales que resultan en un alto acomodo de las minorías, mientras que aquellos con una política general muestran casos de favoritismo que resultan en la discriminación de ciertos grupos. Además, en futuras investigaciones, los casos pueden expandirse a otras regiones del mundo y considerar factores externos como los regímenes gubernamentales o la evolución a lo largo de los años

AGAINST THE GRAIN: SAUDI ARABIA AND ISRAEL'S WARMING RELATIONS

Saudi Arabia and Israel have never had formal diplomatic relations. The Arab-Israeli issue of Palestinian self-determination, above all else, has kept these two Middle East states apart and at times in adversarial tension. However, the 21st century has witnessed thawing relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel, despite the continued unpopularity of Israel within Saudi society. Scholars have largely isolated one or two of the primary drivers that promote or inhibit Saudi's desire to cooperate with Israel—mutual concern with Iran, Saudi reform initiatives, and U.S. influence—without analyzing how the factors work in tandem to promote or inhibit cooperation as a whole. This thesis examines how those drivers interact to provide a more holistic understanding of why Saudi Arabia would cooperate with Israel, and the implications of those drivers on U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. This thesis concludes that in the present configuration, the drivers of Saudi's cooperation initiatives with Israel collectively have not stimulated a viable path to normalization of relations that circumvents the barrier of Palestinian self-determination. This thesis also concludes that this barrier is predominantly the result of Saudi Arab tradition and not borne out of religion. Saudi Arabia and Israel will continue to cooperate towards mutually beneficial opportunities short of normalization for as long as the strategic context of their relationship endures.Lieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

The Iranian-Saudi Rivalry: Prolonging the War in Yemen. External Actors, Securitisation, Sectarianisation, and Digital Media.

Despite the scale of the conflict in Yemen and the influence of external actors, few studies to date have analysed the nature, impact, and scope of their media campaigns surrounding the war. Across digital media, especially on online news platforms and social media, Iran and Saudi Arabia have exhibited a range of behaviours, in attempts to frame their involvement in the conflict. Thus, this thesis addresses the following research question: How have Saudi Arabia and Iran used digital propaganda to legitimise and frame their involvement in Yemen to international audiences? This is the first study to examine the impact of these two competing propaganda networks on the Yemen War. In doing so, it traces Iranian and Saudi securitisation narratives across the conflict, testing their success in gaining the support of elite and non-elite actors in the international arena. It also shows the ways in which these narratives have aided Iran and Saudi Arabia in their struggle for supremacy in the region. The thesis develops an innovative approach to securitisation theory. It also incorporates critical discourse analysis and visual analysis to explore how Tehran and Riyadh have used digital media as part of their regional competition. Using evidence from the most intense periods of fighting in Yemen and tension between the two actors between 2015 and 2021, the thesis show that Saudi Arabia successfully securitised their intervention in Yemen. Ironically, however, this worked to benefit Tehran far more than it did Riyadh. Several episodes of significance for the Saudi-Iranian relationship, and for the war in Yemen, are analysed, including: Operation Decisive Storm in 2015, The Riyadh Conference in 2017, instances of prominent Saudi airstrikes in 2017-18, the murder of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 and the Houthi ‘Operation Victory from God’ in 2019. Through discursive and visual analysis, the thesis explores the ways in which the representation of these events had an impact on framing the conflict, to the detriment of the people of Yemen. Securitisation narratives, dispersed across the Internet, regularly had a sectarian tone. These narratives fanned the flames of war, preventing any room for a meaningful prospect for peace. They also exacerbated the humanitarian situation, a dynamic properly detailed in the thesis’ conclusion. Such narratives created a deeply polarising environment, in which extraordinary measures were justified. Through visual analysis, critical discourse tracing, and analysis of dynamics specific to the world of digital media, this thesis traces this process, providing a holistic analysis of the impact of the Iranian-Saudi rivalry on the war in Yemen. The thesis offers new methodological, theoretical, and empirical insights, emphasizing the importance of digital narrative warfare as a worthwhile and insightful field of study