The obstacles to be encountered by the individual who attempts to enter the writing profession.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Bryn Mawr Alumnae Bulletin, 1933

The following material has been removed from this volume: Vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 22-23: Doings of Alumnae: Sylvia Bowditch, 1933, tells of her work as a courier with the frontier nursing service, reprinted in part from the Boston Sunday Heraldhttps://repository.brynmawr.edu/bmc_alumnae/1023/thumbnail.jp

Bryn Mawr Alumnae Bulletin, 1933

The following material has been removed from this volume: Vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 22-23: Doings of Alumnae: Sylvia Bowditch, 1933, tells of her work as a courier with the frontier nursing service, reprinted in part from the Boston Sunday Heraldhttps://repository.brynmawr.edu/bmc_alumnae/1023/thumbnail.jp

Architectural discourse and the transformation of the discipline of architecture in America, 1918-1943

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 241-262).This dissertation is an historical inquiry into the concomitant transformations of architectural discourse and the discipline of architecture in America. It proceeds on the theoretical assumption that the documents produced and used in architecture not only reflect but constitute architecture as an institutional practice. The study begins with an outline of the academic discipline established, during the late nineteenth century, along the ideals of artistic autonomy and methods of the Ecole des Beaux Arts. It was an internalized discipline, centered on the self-referential discursive practice of the portfolio, and the integrated conceptual framework of composition, planning and the parti. During the latter half of the 1910s, with the changing conditions of architectural production, the traditional status of architecture began to be cast into doubt. In the aftermath of this crisis, what had once been an efficacious disciplinary formation was fragmented into the formal concerns of composition and the concept of functional planning as a rational intervention into social institutions. By the late twenties, ideological formations that made a fundamental break with the traditional claim to autonomy had emerged. The study examines two divergent strains of rationalist ideology: first, the new editorial policies of the architectural journals which projected in different ways, a rational discipline that would be integrated with the demands of mass production and consumer society; secondly, the Veblenian strategy of Frederick Ackerman, who attempted to isolate a domain of architectural discourse uncontaminated by the exigencies of capitalism. Two important transformations of architectural discourse that ensued during the thirties will be examined: the first was the shift in the status of the discourse of reference, constituted by the emergence of new types of reference manuals; secondly, the transformation of the architectural journal which saw the demise of the traditional status of the portfolio and its reorganization along studies of planning. At the center of these transformations was what I have called the discourse of the diagram. Through this new discursive formation, planning emerged as an integral discipline of architecture; it allowed the architect to intervene into the institutional program, while maintaining an independent method that was rational, free of formal preconceptions, and yet would produce singular results for each project. What had been a closed and tightly organized discipline was now opened and dispersed. Along with its promise of social amelioration, it carried the constant burden of formal invention.by Hyungmin Pai.Ph.D

The Catholic church in the Australian colonies, 1840-1865

In the century or so beginning 1776 European communities all over the world were politically remoulded in terms of the Enlightenment politique: the sovereignty of the multitude realised in legislatures of elected representatives, and even ( in some cases) in an elected executive. Now this development was congenial to Catholic thinking, as the future Pius VII declared when Napoleon first upturned the status quoante in Italy. For instance, election and representation and consultation with the governed dominate the entire constitution of several of the mediaeval religious orders which flourish to this day. In 1800, however, the Catholic West had to rediscover this thomist tradition - the diffusion of responsibility under the aegis of the natural law - after the centuries of practical and theoretical authoritarianism introduced by, and in response to, the Protestant revolt. O’Connell managed this in Ireland, between 1800 and 1814-0 ; Bishop England ( more than any other) spread the good news in the United States; McEncroe ( more than any other) in Australia But there was in all these men a pronounced tendency to mobilise the Catholic vote by an explicit appeal to a combination of national and religious loyalties very effective, when the appeal was made against the social background of penal Ireland, a warm and intimate alliance of people and priest against an invader alien in religion as well as race, and ruling, for all practical purposes, by martial law What was needed, to finish the education of the Catholic political conscience in modern industrial nation-state democracy, was a more careful disengagement of the sacred from the secular. O'Connell himself began this; it was part of his genius to see that the British Constitution as it stood, provided sufficient guarantee of the liberties of the Church, and that in New South Wales where the national issue was not tiere to complicate, there could in truth be " a free church in a free state. For a very short period in the 1830*8, the moderation of Bourke, in the civil sphere, and Polding in the eccelesiastical, seemed likely to achieve this; W.G-. Broughton assisting, in a fashion, by dividing the Protestants, at a time when open and ideological unbelief was rare. There followed, however, a period of crisis; the critical period, not only in the formation of Australian Catholicism, but in the formation of Australian civilisation as a whole. Papulation, settlement, and economic diversification, went ahead at a very rapid rate. While the Church shared in the sudden prosperity, its rulers were confronted with a building and staffing programme which imposed a severe strain on slender resources - resources the more slender in that the growth of secularism restricted state aid just when geographical scattering and the break-up of the family as a group threatened to attenuate popular allegiance to the hierarchical church