copulaedas: An R Package for Estimation of Distribution Algorithms Based on Copulas

The use of copula-based models in EDAs (estimation of distribution algorithms) is currently an active area of research. In this context, the copulaedas package for R provides a platform where EDAs based on copulas can be implemented and studied. The package offers complete implementations of various EDAs based on copulas and vines, a group of well-known optimization problems, and utility functions to study the performance of the algorithms. Newly developed EDAs can be easily integrated into the package by extending an S4 class with generic functions for their main components. This paper presents copulaedas by providing an overview of EDAs based on copulas, a description of the implementation of the package, and an illustration of its use through examples. The examples include running the EDAs defined in the package, implementing new algorithms, and performing an empirical study to compare the behavior of different algorithms on benchmark functions and a real-world problem

STUDI OBSERVASI KEJADIAN VENTILATOR ASSOCIATEDRNPNEUMONIA PADA PASIEN DI RUANG CRITICAL CARERNRUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH DR. ZAINOEL ABIDINRNBANDA ACEH TAHUN 2015

KEMENTERIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGIUNIVERSITAS SYIAH KUALAFAKULTAS KEPERAWATANSKRIPSI21 Juli 2015xvi + vi bab + 53 halaman + 11 tabel + 1 skema + 16 lampiranEDAS MAWATY1307101020120STUDI OBSERVASI KEJADIAN VENTILATOR ASSOCIATEDPNEUMONIA PADA PASIEN DI RUANG CRITICAL CARE RUMAHSAKIT UMUM DAERAH dr. ZAINOEL ABIDIN BANDA ACEHABSTRAKKomplikasi pemasangan ventilator mekanik diduga merupakan salah satu faktorrisiko penting yang terkait dengan kejadian Ventilator Associated Pneumonia(VAP). Angka kejadian VAP pada hari pertama dan kedua ( 240 mmHg dan sebagianbesar atau 22 orang (81,5%) memiliki gambaran foto toraks dalam katagoriinfiltrat difus. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besaratau 26 orang (96,3%) tidak terdapat gejala-gejala VAP. Direkomendasikankepada perawat agar dapat meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien denganpemasangan ventilator mekanik sesuai dengan standard operating proccedure(SOP).Kata Kunci : Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Pasien, Critical CareDaftar Pustaka : 5 buku + 21 jurnal penelitian (2000 - 2014

Environment identification based memory scheme for estimation of distribution algorithms in dynamic environments

Copyright @ Springer-Verlag 2010.In estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs), the joint probability distribution of high-performance solutions is presented by a probability model. This means that the priority search areas of the solution space are characterized by the probability model. From this point of view, an environment identification-based memory management scheme (EI-MMS) is proposed to adapt binary-coded EDAs to solve dynamic optimization problems (DOPs). Within this scheme, the probability models that characterize the search space of the changing environment are stored and retrieved to adapt EDAs according to environmental changes. A diversity loss correction scheme and a boundary correction scheme are combined to counteract the diversity loss during the static evolutionary process of each environment. Experimental results show the validity of the EI-MMS and indicate that the EI-MMS can be applied to any binary-coded EDAs. In comparison with three state-of-the-art algorithms, the univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA) using the EI-MMS performs better when solving three decomposable DOPs. In order to understand the EI-MMS more deeply, the sensitivity analysis of parameters is also carried out in this paper.This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 60774064, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of UK under Grant EP/E060722/01

Darwinism in metaethics: What if the universal acid cannot be contained?

The aim of this article is to explore the impact of Darwinism in metaethics and dispel some of the confusion surrounding it. While the prospects for a Darwinian metaethics appear to be improving, some underlying epistemological issues remain unclear. We will focus on the so-called Evolutionary Debunking Arguments (EDAs) which, when applied in metaethics, are defined as arguments that appeal to the evolutionary origins of moral beliefs so as to undermine their epistemic justification. The point is that an epistemic disanalogy can be identified in the debate on EDAs between moral beliefs and other kinds of beliefs, insofar as only the former are regarded as vulnerable to EDAs. First, we will analyze some significant debunking positions in metaethics in order to show that they do not provide adequate justification for such an epistemic disanalogy. Then, we will assess whether they can avoid the accusation of being epistemically incoherent by adopting the same evolutionary account for all kinds of beliefs. In other words, once it is argued that Darwinism has a corrosive impact on metaethics, what if its universal acid cannot be contained

PEMBINAAN TERHADAP RESIDIVIS TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS III TALU

ABSTRAK Pembinaan adalah kegiatan untuk meningkatkan kualitas ketakwaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, intelektual, sikap dan perilaku, profesional, kesehatan jasmani dan rohani Narapidana dan Anak Didik Pemasyarakatan. Pembinaan dilakukan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan, di tempat ini dilaksanakan pembinaan Narapidana untuk meningkatkan kualitas Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan agar menyadari kesalahan, memperbaiki diri, dan tidak mengulangi tindak pidana sehingga dapat diterima kembali oleh lingkungan masyarakat. Namun dalam kenyataan nya masih ada narapidana yang setelah selesai menjalani masa tahanannya kembali mengulagi tindak kejahatan tersebut yang disebut dengan residivis. Adapun dalam penelitian ini penulis mencoba merumuskan masalah yaitu 1. bagaimanakah pelaksanaan pembinaan terhadap Narapidana Residivis Pelaku Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas III Talu 2. apakah kendala yang dihadapi oleh petugas ketika melakukan pembinaan terhadap narapidana residivis pelaku penyalahgunaan narkotika di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas III Talu Dalam penulisan penelitian ini, Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris yang didukung dengan penelitian dilakukan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas III Talu dan mewawancarai Petugas Lapas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan pelaksanaan pembinaan Narapidana Residivis Pelaku Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas III Talu, secara umum sama dengan narapidana lainnya dilakukan melalui Pembinaan tahap awal, Pembinaan tahap lanjutan, dan Pembinaan tahap akhir serta program-program pembinaan yang meliputi dua bidang yakni pembinaan kepribadian berupa praktek sholat jenazah, baca tulis Al-Qur’an, sholat berjamaah setiap harinya dan pembinaan kemandirian berupa pembuatan karangan bunga, instalasi listrik. Kendala yang terdapat dalam pelaksanaan pembinaan terdahap narapidana residivis pelaku penyalahgunaan narkotika di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas III Talu yaitu kelebihan daya tampung Lembaga Pemasyarakatan sehingga tidak dipisahkan antara penyalahgunaan narkotika yang residivis dan yang tidak residivis, Sumber daya manusia, Kesehatan warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan dan stigma negatif narapidana itu sendiri. Kata Kunci : Pembinaan, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan, Narkotika, Narapidana, Residivi

Improved Runtime Bounds for the Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm via Anti-Concentration

Unlike traditional evolutionary algorithms which produce offspring via genetic operators, Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) sample solutions from probabilistic models which are learned from selected individuals. It is hoped that EDAs may improve optimisation performance on epistatic fitness landscapes by learning variable interactions. However, hardly any rigorous results are available to support claims about the performance of EDAs, even for fitness functions without epistasis. The expected runtime of the Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm (UMDA) on OneMax was recently shown to be in $\mathcal{O}\left(n\lambda\log \lambda\right)$ by Dang and Lehre (GECCO 2015). Later, Krejca and Witt (FOGA 2017) proved the lower bound $\Omega\left(\lambda\sqrt{n}+n\log n\right)$ via an involved drift analysis. We prove a $\mathcal{O}\left(n\lambda\right)$ bound, given some restrictions on the population size. This implies the tight bound $\Theta\left(n\log n\right)$ when $\lambda=\mathcal{O}\left(\log n\right)$, matching the runtime of classical EAs. Our analysis uses the level-based theorem and anti-concentration properties of the Poisson-Binomial distribution. We expect that these generic methods will facilitate further analysis of EDAs.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur

Novel EDAS-Taguchi and EDAS-Taguchi-Pareto Methods for Wire EDM Process Parametric Selection of Ni55.8Ti (Nitinol) Shape Memory Alloy

The EDAS (evaluation based on distance from average solution) method is a broadly utilized tool for multi-criteria analysis with the ability to handle several conflicting criteria. The Taguchi method is an optimization tool with economic capability in experimentation. This article presents EDAS Taguchi (EDAS-T) method based on EDAS and the Taguchi method. It also presents EDAS Taguchi-Pareto (EDAS-TP) method framed from EDAS and Taguchi-Pareto methods. Furthermore, data from the literature to test the proposed methods are presented, which the results are compared. This research shows that the EDAS method produces the optimum combination of parameters at a run with a current of 4A, pulse on time of 50 µs, pulse off time of 14ms, and powder concentration of 1 g/L. Also, the EDAS-Taguchi method reveals a current of 4A, pulse on time of 60 µs, pulse off time of 14 µs, and powder concentration of 1 g/L. However, the principal result is that using the EDAS Taguchi-Pareto method, the optimal current is 3A, pulse on time is 60 µs, and powder concentration is 0.75g/L. The EDAS Taguchi-Pareto method eliminated the pulse off time and pulse on time, claiming that it is not significant to the system's optimum performance. The principal novelty of this article is that it introduces a mechanism of concurrently optimizing and selecting the wire EDM process parameters using the EDAS-Taguchi-Pareto method. The optimization is parallelly conducted as selection occurs, providing an initial notification to ascertain timely detection and control of local optimality of parameters to global optimization before final selection. This is unlike most evaluations, where optimization is done differently from the selection. This study is the first to develop and use EDAS methods for the WEDM process of Ni55.8Ti shape memory alloy