574 research outputs found
A new global media order? : debates and policies on media and mass communication at UNESCO, 1960 to 1980
Defence date: 24 June 2019Examining Board:
Professor Federico Romero, European University Institute (Supervisor);
Professor Corinna Unger, European University Institute (Second Reader);
Professor Iris Schröder, Universität Erfurt (External Advisor);
Professor Sandrine Kott, Université de GenèveThe 1970s, a UNESCO report claimed, would be the “communication decade”. UNESCO had started research on new means of mass communication for development purposes in the 1960s. In the 1970s, the issue evolved into a debate on the so-called “New World Information and Communication Order” (NWICO) and the democratisation of global media. It led UNESCO itself into a major crisis in the 1980s. My project traces a dual trajectory that shaped this global debate on transnational media. The first follows communications from being seen as a tool and goal of national development in the 1960s, to communications seen as catalyst for recalibrated international political, cultural and economic relations. The second relates to the recurrent attempts, and eventual failure, of various actors to engage UNESCO as a platform to promote a new global order. I take UNESCO as an observation post to study national ambitions intersecting with internationalist claims to universality, changing understandings of the role of media in development and international affairs, and competing visions of world order. Looking at the modes of this debate, the project also sheds light on the evolving practices of internationalism. Located in the field of a new international history, this study relates to the recent rediscovery of the “new order”-discourses of the 1970s as well as to the increasingly diversified literature on internationalism. With its focus on international communications and attempts at regulating them, it also contributes to an international media history in the late twentieth century. The emphasis on the role of international organisations as well as on voices from the Global South will make contributions to our understanding of the historic macro-processes of decolonisation, globalisation and the Cold War
Modernising European Legal Education (MELE) : Innovative Strategies to Address Urgent Cross-Cutting Challenges
This open access book presents innovative strategies to address cross-cutting topics and foster transversal competences. The modernization of European legal education presents a compelling challenge that calls for enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration among academic disciplines and innovative teaching methods. The volume introduces venues towards education innovation and engages with complex and emerging topics such as datafication, climate change, gender, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The insights presented not only emphasize the importance of preserving traditional approaches to legal disciplines and passing them on to future generations, but also underscore the need to critically reassess and revolutionize existing structures. As our societies become more diverse and our understanding of legitimacy, justice, and values undergoes transformations, it is imperative to reconsider the role of traditional values while exploring promising alternative approaches
New perspectives on A.I. in sentencing. Human decision-making between risk assessment tools and protection of humans rights.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate a field that until a few years ago was foreign to and distant from the penal system. The purpose of this undertaking is to account for the role that technology could plays in the Italian Criminal Law system. More specifically, this thesis attempts to scrutinize a very intricate phase of adjudication. After deciding on the type of an individual's liability, a judge must decide on the severity of the penalty. This type of decision implies a prognostic assessment that looks to the future. It is precisely in this field and in prognostic assessments that, as has already been anticipated in the United, instruments and processes are inserted in the pre-trial but also in the decision-making phase. In this contribution, we attempt to describe the current state of this field, trying, as a matter of method, to select the most relevant or most used tools. Using comparative and qualitative methods, the uses of some of these instruments in the supranational legal system are analyzed.
Focusing attention on the Italian system, an attempt was made to investigate the nature of the element of an individual's ‘social dangerousness’ (pericolosità sociale) and capacity to commit offences, types of assessments that are fundamental in our system because they are part of various types of decisions, including the choice of the best sanctioning treatment. It was decided to turn our attention to this latter field because it is believed that the judge does not always have the time, the means and the ability to assess all the elements of a subject and identify the best 'individualizing' treatment in order to fully realize the function of Article 27, paragraph 3 of the Constitution
The Public Performance Of Sanctions In Insolvency Cases: The Dark, Humiliating, And Ridiculous Side Of The Law Of Debt In The Italian Experience. A Historical Overview Of Shaming Practices
This study provides a diachronic comparative overview of how the law of debt has been applied by certain institutions in Italy. Specifically, it offers historical and comparative insights into the public performance of sanctions for insolvency through shaming and customary practices in Roman Imperial Law, in the Middle Ages, and in later periods.
The first part of the essay focuses on the Roman bonorum cessio culo nudo super lapidem and on the medieval customary institution called pietra della vergogna (stone of shame), which originates from the Roman model.
The second part of the essay analyzes the social function of the zecca and the pittima Veneziana during the Republic of Venice, and of the practice of lu soldate a castighe (no translation is possible).
The author uses a functionalist approach to apply some arguments and concepts from the current context to this historical analysis of ancient institutions that we would now consider ridiculous.
The article shows that the customary norms that play a crucial regulatory role in online interactions today can also be applied to the public square in the past. One of these tools is shaming. As is the case in contemporary online settings, in the public square in historic periods, shaming practices were used to enforce the rules of civility in a given community. Such practices can be seen as virtuous when they are intended for use as a tool to pursue positive change in forces entrenched in the culture, and thus to address social wrongs considered outside the reach of the law, or to address human rights abuses
Le goût d'Orval: constructing the taste of Orval beer through narratives
This study explores the construction of taste through narratives, using Orval beer as a
case study. Often found on lists of the best or most unique beers in the world, Orval is a bottle
conditioned, dry-hopped strong Belgian ale with Brettanomyces yeast, creating an orange-hue
beer topped with a large volume of white foam. It is both easy to drink and complex in flavour.
Made in southeastern Belgium within the walls of a Trappist Abbey, Orval is closely associated
with the country of Belgium, a pilgrimage site for beer lovers because of its unique and diverse
beer culture. In 2016 “Beer Culture in Belgium” was inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative
List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Orval beer also carries the Authentic Trappist
Product label, ensuring that this product is brewed under the supervision of Trappist monks or
nuns, within the Abbey walls, and is non-profit. Additionally, the beer has a unique, distinctive
taste. This dissertation explores narratives that tell of all these aspects. The first section,
Narrating Belgium, examines how social and economic histories build Belgium as a beer nation,
and how conversion narratives of Belgian beer enthusiasts support this theory. The Narrating
Trappist section examines how the Legend of Orval and the history of Orval Abbey create a
sense of place for Orval beer and how the Authentic Trappist Product label helps construct its
terroir. The last section, Narrating Taste, focuses on narratives of taste as shared in online
reviews of Orval beer. I first conduct lexical and network analysis of reviews on Untappd,
RateBeer, and BeerAdvocate before focusing specifically on themes found in BeerAdvocate
reviews. Through ethnographic and textual research, this dissertation introduces a folkloristic
approach to taste and argues that both contextual and sensory elements are essential in building
taste through narratives
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Sonic heritage: listening to the past
History is so often told through objects, images and photographs, but the potential of sounds to reveal place and space is often neglected. Our research project ‘Sonic Palimpsest’1 explores the potential of sound to evoke impressions and new understandings of the past, to embrace the sonic as a tool to understand what was, in a way that can complement and add to our predominant visual understandings. Our work includes the expansion of the Oral History archives held at Chatham Dockyard to include women’s voices and experiences, and the creation of sonic works to engage the public with their heritage. Our research highlights the social and cultural value of oral history and field recordings in the transmission of knowledge to both researchers and the public. Together these recordings document how buildings and spaces within the dockyard were used and experienced by those who worked there. We can begin to understand the social and cultural roles of these buildings within the community, both past and present
Forced displacement and community resilience: the case South Sudanese refugees in the Benishangul Gumuz region of Ethiopia
Forced displacement has continued to be a security and development concern, and different interventions are undertaken to address the needs of the displaced people. Yet, there is debate on the impact of these interventions and on factors that could affect the resilience of displaced populations in a refugee context. Thus, this study intended to examine the resilience of South Sudanese refugees and the factors that impact their recovery in the Benishangul Gumuz region of Ethiopia. The study applied a qualitative research design with data from both primary and secondary sources. The overall research finding is that due to policy restrictions, funding constraints, limited livelihood opportunities, and limited options to use refugee human capital, the resilience capacity of the South Sudanese refugees hosted in the Benishangul Gumuz region is not fully developed. Other factors such as access to social support, peaceful co-existence interventions also found to be influencing the resilience and recovery of the refugees. The results also show that the refugees are using mechanisms such as selling food rations, illegal gold mining and farming which involve child labour, low-paid incentive work with humanitarian organizations, small-scale farming inside the camp, remittances from abroad, farm activities with the host community, and running small shops in the camps to cope with the displacement related challenges. Therefore, it is recommended that UN organizations, donors, regional organizations, NGOs, the host government, and the refugees take practical actions of advocacy, allocation of adequate funding, utilisation of the refugee human capital, and easing policy-related barriers and restrictions. It is also recommended that a context-specific framework – the Refugee Resilience(2R) Framework and Matrix, which this study created, to be applied for studying and building resilience in refugee displacement caused by armed conflict.Development StudiesPh. D. (Developments Studies
Metaverse. Old urban issues in new virtual cities
Recent years have seen the arise of some early attempts to build virtual cities,
utopias or affective dystopias in an embodied Internet, which in some respects appear to
be the ultimate expression of the neoliberal city paradigma (even if virtual). Although
there is an extensive disciplinary literature on the relationship between planning and
virtual or augmented reality linked mainly to the gaming industry, this often avoids design
and value issues. The observation of some of these early experiences - Decentraland,
Minecraft, Liberland Metaverse, to name a few - poses important questions and problems
that are gradually becoming inescapable for designers and urban planners, and allows
us to make some partial considerations on the risks and potentialities of these early virtual
cities
Гласник Етнографског института САНУ 71 (1) / Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography SASA 71 (1)
Тема броја - Мит и идентитет: кроскултурални и интертемпорални приступ (ур. Ђурђина Шијаковић Маиданик) / Topic of the Issue - Myth and Identity: A Cross-Cultural and Intertemporal Approach (ed. Djurdjina Šijaković Maidanik)
‘Developing Moving Image Literacy: Filmmaking in a Greek Primary School’
The thesis presents a small-scale case study of a group of Greek primary school children learning to make a film. The research questions revolve around the topic of how these children learn the language and metalanguage of the moving image and how they use it in their productions. The study takes the young learners through a series of stages, including working with still photographs, storyboards and filming and editing, exploring learning progression in relation to framing and composition, and also to cultural context and identity./
The analysis of the data, employing aspects of discourse and multimodal analysis, shows a complex cyclical relationship between conceptual learning and material practice. However, it also shows that the moving image involves a range of semiotic modes beyond the conventional affordances of filming and editing: that it is multimodal in ways not conventionally recognised in film and media education. The analysis also shows how the cultural resources drawn on by the children relate to their social and cultural contexts, and to their presentation of and exploration of their identities./
The study concludes by presenting a three-part framework that emerged from the analysis of the data in which the concept-practice relation is seen as Dialectical; the performative use of other modes, principally action and language, is seen as Dramatic; and the related identity work
as well as the conceptual learning are seen as developmental./
As well as this theoretical contribution to knowledge, the study contributes to the wider understanding of media and film education in the Greek context, hoping to offer researched recommendations towards the introduction of media and film education into the official school curriculum
in the country
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