45,068 research outputs found
Advanced indoor localisation based on the Viterbi algorithm and semantic data
In this work a real-time indoor localisation system based on the Viterbi algorithm is developed. This Viterbi principle is used in combination with semantic data to improve the accuracy: i.e., the environment of the object that is being tracked and an adjustable maximum speed. The developed algorithm was verified by simulations and with experiments in a building-wide testbed for sensor and WiFi experiments. Compared to a reference algorithm without Viterbi or semantic data, the results indicated a significant improvement: the mean accuracy and standard deviation improved by respectively 26.4% and 63.9%
Dynamic Localization in Quantum Wires
In the paper the dynamic localization of charged particle (electron) in a
quantum wire under the external non-uniform time-dependent electric field is
considered. The electrons are trapped in a deep 'dynamic' quantum wells which
are the result of specific features of the potential imposed on 2D electron
gas: the scale of spatial nonuniformity is much smaller then the electron mean
free path (L_1 << \bar{l}) and the frequency is much greater then \tau^{-1},
where \tau is the electron free flight time. As a result, the effect of this
field on the charged particle is in a sense equivalent to the effect of a
time-independent effective potential, that is a sequence of deep 'dynamic'
quantum wells were the elelctrons are confined. The possible consequeces of
this effect are also discussed and similarity with the classical Paul traps are
emphasized.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur
Practical application of pseudospectral optimization to robot path planning
To obtain minimum time or minimum energy trajectories for robots it is necessary to employ planning methods which adequately consider the platform’s dynamic properties. A variety of sampling, graph-based or local receding-horizon optimisation methods have previously been proposed. These typically use simplified kino-dynamic models to avoid the significant computational burden of solving this problem in a high dimensional state-space. In this paper we investigate solutions from the class of pseudospectral optimisation methods which have grown in favour amongst the optimal control community in recent years. These methods have high computational efficiency and rapid convergence properties. We present a practical application of such an approach to the robot path planning problem to provide a trajectory considering the robot’s dynamic properties. We extend the existing literature by augmenting the path constraints with sensed obstacles rather than predefined analytical functions to enable real world application
The Importance of Coordinate Frames in Dynamic SLAM
Most Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) systems have traditionally
assumed a static world, which does not align with real-world scenarios. To
enable robots to safely navigate and plan in dynamic environments, it is
essential to employ representations capable of handling moving objects. Dynamic
SLAM is an emerging field in SLAM research as it improves the overall system
accuracy while providing additional estimation of object motions.
State-of-the-art literature informs two main formulations for Dynamic SLAM,
representing dynamic object points in either the world or object coordinate
frame. While expressing object points in a local reference frame may seem
intuitive, it may not necessarily lead to the most accurate and robust
solutions. This paper conducts and presents a thorough analysis of various
Dynamic SLAM formulations, identifying the best approach to address the
problem. To this end, we introduce a front-end agnostic framework using GTSAM
that can be used to evaluate various Dynamic SLAM formulations.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ICRA 202
Increasing the Efficiency of 6-DoF Visual Localization Using Multi-Modal Sensory Data
Localization is a key requirement for mobile robot autonomy and human-robot
interaction. Vision-based localization is accurate and flexible, however, it
incurs a high computational burden which limits its application on many
resource-constrained platforms. In this paper, we address the problem of
performing real-time localization in large-scale 3D point cloud maps of
ever-growing size. While most systems using multi-modal information reduce
localization time by employing side-channel information in a coarse manner (eg.
WiFi for a rough prior position estimate), we propose to inter-weave the map
with rich sensory data. This multi-modal approach achieves two key goals
simultaneously. First, it enables us to harness additional sensory data to
localise against a map covering a vast area in real-time; and secondly, it also
allows us to roughly localise devices which are not equipped with a camera. The
key to our approach is a localization policy based on a sequential Monte Carlo
estimator. The localiser uses this policy to attempt point-matching only in
nodes where it is likely to succeed, significantly increasing the efficiency of
the localization process. The proposed multi-modal localization system is
evaluated extensively in a large museum building. The results show that our
multi-modal approach not only increases the localization accuracy but
significantly reduces computational time.Comment: Presented at IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots
(Humanoids) 201
Arp2/3 complex activity in filopodia of spreading cells
Background
Cells use filopodia to explore their environment and to form new adhesion contacts for motility and spreading. The Arp2/3 complex has been implicated in lamellipodial actin assembly as a major nucleator of new actin filaments in branched networks. The interplay between filopodial and lamellipodial protrusions is an area of much interest as it is thought to be a key determinant of how cells make motility choices.
Results
We find that Arp2/3 complex localises to dynamic puncta in filopodia as well as lamellipodia of spreading cells. Arp2/3 complex spots do not appear to depend on local adhesion or on microtubules for their localisation but their inclusion in filopodia or lamellipodia depends on the activity of the small GTPase Rac1. Arp2/3 complex spots in filopodia are capable of incorporating monomeric actin, suggesting the presence of available filament barbed ends for polymerisation. Arp2/3 complex in filopodia co-localises with lamellipodial proteins such as capping protein and cortactin. The dynamics of Arp2/3 complex puncta suggests that they are moving bi-directionally along the length of filopodia and that they may be regions of lamellipodial activity within the filopodia.
Conclusion
We suggest that filopodia of spreading cells have regions of lamellipodial activity and that this activity affects the morphology and movement of filopodia. Our work has implications for how we understand the interplay between lamellipodia and filopodia and for how actin networks are generated spatially in cells
Examination of actin and microtubule dependent APC localisations in living mammalian cells
Abstract (provisional)
Background
The trafficking of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor protein in mammalian cells is a perennially controversial topic. Immunostaining evidence for an actin-associated APC localisation at intercellular junctions has been previously presented, though live imaging of mammalian junctional APC has not been documented.
Results
Using live imaging of transfected COS-7 cells we observed intercellular junction-associated pools of GFP-APC in addition to previously documented microtubule-associated GFP-APC and a variety of minor localisations. Although both microtubule and junction-associated populations could co-exist within individual cells, they differed in their subcellular location, dynamic behaviour and sensitivity to cytoskeletal poisons. GFP-APC deletion mutant analysis indicated that a protein truncated immediately after the APC armadillo repeat domain retained the ability to localise to adhesive membranes in transfected cells. Supporting this, we also observed junctional APC immunostaining in cultures of human colorectal cancer cell line that express truncated forms of APC.
Conclusions
Our data indicate that APC can be found in two spatially separate populations at the cell periphery and these populations can co-exist in the same cell. The first localisation is highly dynamic and associated with microtubules near free edges and in cell vertices, while the second is comparatively static and is closely associated with actin at sites of cell-cell contact. Our imaging confirms that human GFP-APC possesses many of the localisations and behaviours previously seen by live imaging of Xenopus GFP-APC. However, we report the novel finding that GFP-APC puncta can remain associated with the ends of shrinking microtubules. Deletion analysis indicated that the N-terminal region of the APC protein mediated its junctional localisation, consistent with our observation that truncated APC proteins in colon cancer cell lines are still capable of localising to the cell cortex. This may have implications for the development of colorectal cancer
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TESS-India OER: Collaborative practices to improve teacher education
As the numbers of children attending school in India rises rapidly ensuring a productive learning experience for every student is a huge challenge. Quality is central to the Government of India’s education policy; major education goals recognise that changes in teachers’ classroom practice are critical to improving students’ learning in elementary and secondary schools across India. This paper describes the rationale and pedagogy of an innovative response to these challenges harnessing contemporary ideas on ‘open’, learning and the increasing availability of network technology in the form of a multilingual Open Educational Resources (OER) teacher education toolkit. The main section of the paper then describes the processes for multi-stakeholder participation in the development of the elements of the OER toolkit and the paper concludes with a discussion of the ‘open’ dimension of the project and how this enables ‘local’ authentication and mediation of use of the OER in each of the project states
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