Fish Swarmed Kalman Filter for State Observer Feedback of Two-Wheeled Mobile Robot Stabilization

Over the past few decades, there have been significant technological advancements in the field of robots, particularly in the area of mobile robots. The performance standards of speed, accuracy, and stability have become key indicators of progress in robotic technology. Self-balancing robots are designed to maintain an upright position without toppling over. By continuously adjusting their center of mass, they can maintain stability even when disturbed by external forces. This research aims to achieving and maintaining balance is a complex task. Self-balancing robots must accurately sense their orientation, calculate corrective actions, and execute precise movements to stay upright. Eliminating disturbances and measurement noise in self-balancing robot can enhance the accuracy of their output. One common technique for achieving this is by using Kalman filters, which are effective in addressing non-stationary linear plants with unknown input signal strengths that can be optimized through filter poles and process covariances. Additionally, advanced Kalman filter methods have been developed to account for white measurement noise. In this research, state estimation was conducted using the Fish Swarm Optimization Algorithm (FSOA) to provide feedback to the controller to overcome the effects of disturbances and noise in the measurements through the designed filter. FSOA mimics the social interactions and coordinated movements observed in fish groups to solve optimization problems. FSOA is primarily used for optimization tasks where finding the global optimal solution is desired. The results show that the use of an optimized Kalman filter with FSOA on a two-wheeled mobile robot to handle system stability reduces noise values by 38.37%, and the system reaches a steady state value of 3.8 s with a steady error of 0.2%. In addition, by using the proposed method, filtering disturbances and measurement noise in self-balancing robot can help improve the accuracy of the self balancing robot’s output. System response becomes faster towards stability compared to other methods which are also applied to two-wheeled mobile robots

Bacterial foraging-optimized PID control of a two-wheeled machine with a two-directional handling mechanism

This paper presents the performance of utilizing a bacterial foraging optimization algorithm on a PID control scheme for controlling a five DOF two-wheeled robotic machine with two-directional handling mechanism. The system under investigation provides solutions for industrial robotic applications that require a limited-space working environment. The system nonlinear mathematical model, derived using Lagrangian modeling approach, is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink(®) environment. Bacterial foraging-optimized PID control with decoupled nature is designed and implemented. Various working scenarios with multiple initial conditions are used to test the robustness and the system performance. Simulation results revealed the effectiveness of the bacterial foraging-optimized PID control method in improving the system performance compared to the PID control scheme

The System Design and Implementation of a Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing and Motion Control

随着社会的发展和科技的进步，移动机器人的应用领域愈发广泛，机器人面临的工作环境和任务需求也变得复杂多样，人们对它的要求和期待也越来越高。两轮自平衡机器人以其结构简单、运动灵活、占地空间小等优点受到了人们的重视，成为移动机器人研究领域的一个重要分支。 本文设计了一台重心位于轮轴下方的非载人两轮自平衡机器人基础运动平台。采用两轮同轴独立驱动，在运动过程中能较好地保持平衡。同时，在该运动平台上，设计实现具有一定载荷能力的稳定平台，用来搭载稳定性要求更高的设备。 本文的主要工作如下： 首先，以两轮机器人系统为研究对象，采用牛顿力学法建立系统动力学模型，将模型进行线性化处理，同时实现解耦，并对解耦...With the development of the society and the progress of science and technology, the mobile robots have been in various field, but the working environment and mission requirements also become complicated, which determines the classification of robots has been increasingly refined to meet different needs. The requirements and expectations of the people on the robots are also getting higher and highe...学位：工程硕士院系专业：航空航天学院_工程硕士(控制工程)学号：2322013115337

Development Of Walking Gaits For Quadruped Robot (4-Legged Robot)

The project outcomes of this project are to develop the walking gaits for the quadruped robot including trotting gait, to produce printed circuit board (PCB) for the electronic parts of the robot and to improve on the motor torque for better lifting capability and to model the gaits and implementation of the quadruped robot on ADAM software. This project is the continuation of the project completed by Mr. Yee Yuan Bin whereby he managed to develop the control system that enables the robot to perform crawling gait on the flat and horizontal surface. The control system designed involves gait control, stability control and motor control. Therefore, the existing crawling gait is to be improved into trotting gait. Besides, the modelling of the quadruped robot is to be performed using ADAMS software and the PCB for the electronic parts of the robot is to be produced in order to reduce the weight of the body. This project is split to two phases. Phase 1 is to be carried out during semester FYP 1 while Phase 2 is commenced during FYP 2. The work aspects of phase 1 are on producing printed circuit board (PCB), modelling the walking gaits using ADAMS software and also to learn about C programming for PIC18. Phase 2 is the testing stage with the presence of servomotors and circuit board as well as improvement and development of the walking gaits. At the end of project, the quadruped prototype is meant to perform forward trotting gait on flat and horizontal grounds

Motion Control of the Hybrid Wheeled-Legged Quadruped Robot Centauro

Emerging applications will demand robots to deal with a complex environment, which lacks the structure and predictability of the industrial workspace. Complex scenarios will require robot complexity to increase as well, as compared to classical topologies such as fixed-base manipulators, wheeled mobile platforms, tracked vehicles, and their combinations. Legged robots, such as humanoids and quadrupeds, promise to provide platforms which are flexible enough to handle real world scenarios; however, the improved flexibility comes at the cost of way higher control complexity. As a trade-off, hybrid wheeled-legged robots have been proposed, resulting in the mitigation of control complexity whenever the ground surface is suitable for driving. Following this idea, a new hybrid robot called Centauro has been developed inside the Humanoid and Human Centered Mechatronics lab at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT). Centauro is a wheeled-legged quadruped with a humanoid bi-manual upper-body. Differently from other platform of similar concept, Centauro employs customized actuation units, which provide high torque outputs, moderately fast motions, and the possibility to control the exerted torque. Moreover, with more than forty motors moving its limbs, Centauro is a very redundant platform, with the potential to execute many different tasks at the same time. This thesis deals with the design and development of a software architecture, and a control system, tailored to such a robot; both wheeled and legged locomotion strategies have been studied, as well as prioritized, whole-body and interaction controllers exploiting the robot torque control capabilities, and capable to handle the system redundancy. A novel software architecture, made of (i) a real-time robotic middleware, and (ii) a framework for online, prioritized Cartesian controller, forms the basis of the entire work