Stability of secure routing protocol in ad hoc wireless network.

The contributions of this research are threefold. First, it offers a new routing approach to ad hoc wireless network protocols: the Enhanced Heading-direction Angle Routing Protocol (EHARP), which is an enhancement of HARP based on an on-demand routing scheme. We have added important features to overcome its disadvantages and improve its performance, providing the stability and availability required to guarantee the selection of the best path. Each node in the network is able to classify its neighbouring nodes according to their heading directions into four different zone-direction group. The second contribution is to present a new Secure Enhanced Heading-direction Angle Routing Protocol (SEHARP) for ad hoc networks based on the integration of security mechanisms that could be applied to the EHARP routing protocol. Thirdly, we present a new approach to security of access in hostile environments based on the history and relationships among the nodes and on digital operation certificates. We also propose an access activity diagram which explains the steps taken by a node. Security depends on access to the history of each unit, which is used to calculate the cooperative values of each node in the environment

Tapol bulletin no, 102, December 1990

Contents: West Papuans seek embassy asylum in PNG -- Killings condemned -- Harsh sentences in West Papua -- Indonesian troops for PNG villages -- Bonar gets 8 1/2 years -- Shanana speaks -- Historic meeting in the bush -- 'A sad and terrifying place' -- 223 US Congress members sign letter -- Two journals forced to the wall -- New labour union formed -- Book review: David Robie's Blood on their Banne

Sino-Indonesian relations : a study of Indonesian perceptions of China

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN056009 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

The Origins of Nonalignment: Great Power Competition and Indonesian Foreign Policy 1945-1965

The thesis analyses Indonesia’s foreign policy, specifically its alignment behavior, in the 20 years after it declared independence in 1945. It investigates the origins of Indonesia’s enduring bebas-aktif (independent and active) foreign policy and its manifestation in an official policy of neutrality and then nonalignment during the Cold War. It then follows the evolution of alignment policy via Indonesia’s interactions with the great powers of the era – the USA, the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. The case study period provides a detailed account of a series of episodes that engaged the Cold War’s great powers, including the Asia- Africa conference, US-sponsored regional rebellions in Indonesia, the campaign to wrest control of West New Guinea, and the attempt to “crush” the formation of Malaysia under a policy of Konfrontasi. In trying to account for patterns in Indonesian alignment, the thesis challenges conventional approaches to alignment that explain changing behavior as purely a response to either the capability or intentions of other powers. Instead of seeing alignment as the result of a balance of power or a balance of threat, the thesis finds that Indonesia’s alignment policy during the period is better understood as a balance of risk between competing domestic and international demands and objectives. Policymakers are viewed as placing especially high priority on maintaining policy autonomy, which they compromise only when the objective that alignment serves is regarded as critical to the state. The analysis highlights a deep vein of Realpolitik and pragmatism in Indonesia’s alignment behavior, which prompted it to abandon neutrality when the international and domestic objectives of policymakers outweighed their commitment to the bebas-aktif policy. But the thesis found Indonesia’s most common approach to alignment was the use of a range of ‘smart’ strategies designed to maximise the benefits and minimise the risks of alignment. The principal risks could be placed in two categories: first, the risk of losing policy autonomy and, second, the risk of alignment choice provoking a domestic or international backlash. The thesis also reviewed methods of analysing decisions under conditions of risk. Comparing a rational actor model with a psychological model of choice, it found policymakers were prone to depart from the precepts of rational choice under conditions of crisis and uncertainty when the risk of critical loss to the state was is high

Australia, Turkey, and the US, c.1975-2018: Testing the "Wobbly Cross"

This MPhil compares Turkish and Australian foreign policy relations with the United States (US) between the mid-1970s and 2018. This comparison will investigate whether these bilateral relations resemble the "wavy cross" explored in my doctoral thesis. From mid-1940s to the mid-1970s Turkish-American relations followed a fluctuating downward curve, while Australian-American relations followed a fluctuating upward curve. Turkey moved away from the US, Australia moved closer, a pattern like a "wavy cross". This thesis begins where my PhD concludes, c.1980. The thesis will test whether the divergence between global priorities of a great power and local/national priorities of two middle powers, together with the imbalance in their bilateral relations continued to affect the stability of the arms and tendency of the "wavy cross". Although the metaphorical depiction in my PhD is the "wavy cross", wobbly seems more appropriate in illustrating the fluctuations of the arms. Each chapter examines reasons inducing the wobbles and sustaining the tendency of the Turkish and the Australian arms, to test the validity of the "wobbly cross". The rationale behind comparing Turkey and Australia is threefold. First, both Turkey and Australia are well known examples of middle powers, but little research has been conducted on their comparison. Second, my ultimate aim is to combine the PhD and the MPhil theses and made them a book. Third, for International Relations and Political History literature middle powers' foreign policy actions is still an unclear area. Hopefully, this work could cast light on commonalities and differences of two significant middle powers' foreign policies. This is a Political History rather than an International Relations project, since it aims to compare foreign policies, primary records on policy makers' statements, and actions which are a reliable basis for analysis. As I experienced during my PhD research, International Relations theories and patterns do not explain middle powers' actions for such a big span of history

Integrating legacy mainframe systems: architectural issues and solutions

For more than 30 years, mainframe computers have been the backbone of computing systems throughout the world. Even today it is estimated that some 80% of the worlds' data is held on such machines. However, new business requirements and pressure from evolving technologies, such as the Internet is pushing these existing systems to their limits and they are reaching breaking point. The Banking and Financial Sectors in particular have been relying on mainframes for the longest time to do their business and as a result it is they that feel these pressures the most. In recent years there have been various solutions for enabling a re-engineering of these legacy systems. It quickly became clear that to completely rewrite them was not possible so various integration strategies emerged. Out of these new integration strategies, the CORBA standard by the Object Management Group emerged as the strongest, providing a standards based solution that enabled the mainframe applications become a peer in a distributed computing environment. However, the requirements did not stop there. The mainframe systems were reliable, secure, scalable and fast, so any integration strategy had to ensure that the new distributed systems did not lose any of these benefits. Various patterns or general solutions to the problem of meeting these requirements have arisen and this research looks at applying some of these patterns to mainframe based CORBA applications. The purpose of this research is to examine some of the issues involved with making mainframebased legacy applications inter-operate with newer Object Oriented Technologies

β-Site Amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) as a novel Alzheimer\u27s Disease intervention target.

A novel peptide inhibitor for the enzyme BACE1 was identified and characterised to prevent the accumulation of neuritic plaques. The potential therapeutic treatment is aimed at repressing the onset of Alzheimer\u27s disease

Optimisation of T cell receptor antigen recognition for targeting disease

This thesis is a collection of some of the studies I have undertaken over the last 3.5 years while working as a Research Assistant in the T cell modulation group at the Cardiff University School of Medicine. The work contained within is linked by the common theme of optimising interactions between peptide-Major Histocompatibility (pMHC) molecules, the T cell receptor (TCR), and/or coreceptor that engages these ligands. The work of the T cell modulation group is heavily focused on translational medicine. This aspect of biomedicine is also strongly encouraged by my funding body, the Wellcome Trust. My focus on translational aspects of interactions with pMHC ligands took my work in several different directions. Initially, I examined ways of improving interactions with pMHC that could be used to ameliorate the detection of antigen-specific T cells by flow cytometry. My studies have improved this technology to a point where I can now reliably claim to be able to stain the majority of relevant T cells with their cognate multimeric antigen. The approaches I helped pioneer are now in use all over the world. This work is reported in Chapters 3 and 5, and has resulted in two published primary data papers. A third paper that examines pMHC multimer valency (described in Chapter 4) is in preparation. In addition to the above-mentioned work aimed at improving T cell-related diagnostics using pMHC multimers, I also explored potential ways of improving TCR/pMHC interactions for therapeutic approaches. Specifically, I was interested in exploring whether TCRs displaying enhanced affinities for antigen would be useful in the clinic. These studies necessitated that we establish optimal TCR gene transfer protocols in Cardiff. I took the lead on these optimisation studies (Chapter 6). With the TCR gene transfer technology optimised, I was able to investigate whether increasing functional avidity of TCR-redirected T cells could be achieved by removing defined N-glycosylation sites within the TCR constant domain. This work was based on my observation that the desialylation of T cells improved the surface engagement of pMHC multimers and the recognition of cognate antigen when displayed naturally on a target cell surface. These studies were taken forward in Chapter 7. As part of my work with affinity enhanced TCRs, I was fortunate to test a novel set of TCR-based soluble therapeutic reagents comprising affinity-enhanced TCRs (Chapter 8). The enhanced TCRs were generated by phage display and directed evolution using techniques that were pioneered by my T cell modulation group colleague Jonathan Boulter while working at Avidex Ltd

Multi-faceted Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis Using Graphical Representations

A core focus in medicinal chemistry is the interpretation of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of small molecules. SAR analysis is typically carried out on a case-by-case basis for compound sets that share activity against a given target. Although SAR investigations are not a priori dependent on computational approaches, limitations imposed by steady rise in activity information have necessitated the use of such methodologies. Moreover, understanding SARs in multi-target space is extremely difficult. Conceptually different computational approaches are reported in this thesis for graphical SAR analysis in single- as well as multi-target space. Activity landscape models are often used to describe the underlying SAR characteristics of compound sets. Theoretical activity landscapes that are reminiscent of topological maps intuitively represent distributions of pair-wise similarity and potency difference information as three-dimensional surfaces. These models provide easy access to identification of various SAR features. Therefore, such landscapes for actual data sets are generated and compared with graph-based representations. Existing graphical data structures are adapted to include mechanism of action information for receptor ligands to facilitate simultaneous SAR and mechanism-related analyses with the objective of identifying structural modifications responsible for switching molecular mechanisms of action. Typically, SAR analysis focuses on systematic pair-wise relationships of compound similarity and potency differences. Therefore, an approach is reported to calculate SAR feature probabilities on the basis of these pair-wise relationships for individual compounds in a ligand set. The consequent expansion of feature categories improves the analysis of local SAR environments. Graphical representations are designed to avoid a dependence on preconceived SAR models. Such representations are suitable for systematic large-scale SAR exploration. Methods for the navigation of SARs in multi-target space using simple and interpretable data structures are introduced. In summary, multi-faceted SAR analysis aided by computational means forms the primary objective of this dissertation