Does Title VII Prohibit Discrimination in Employment-Transfer Decisions Only if They Cause Materially Significant Disadvantages for Employees?

Case at a Glance: Petitioner Jatonya Clayborn Muldrow, a sergeant for the St. Louis Police Department, was transferred to another unit within the department. Muldrow sued the City of St. Louis for making a discriminatory transfer decision in alleged violation of Title VII. This case presents the question of whether Title VII prohibits discriminatory transfer decisions absent a separate court determination that the decision caused Muldrow materially significant disadvantages

A comparative analysis of the redistributive effects of agricultural policy in Tuscany and Scotland

The article provides an empirical study of the redistributive effects of agricultural policy in Tuscany which finds that the provision of support increased absolute income inequality within the agricultural community because the distribution of transfers was both vertically and horizontally inequitable. These conclusions are shown to hold whether or not non-farm incomes are taken into account and for a range of alternative definitions of the agricultural community. The results for Scotland are broadly comparable except that the distribution of transfers was progressive not regressive, reflecting differences between the two regions in the degree of dependency of agriculture on support.Income redistribution, agricultural policy, Tuscany, Scotland

Could humans recognize odor by phonon assisted tunneling?

Our sense of smell relies on sensitive, selective atomic-scale processes that are initiated when a scent molecule meets specific receptors in the nose. However, the physical mechanisms of detection are not clear. While odorant shape and size are important, experiment indicates these are insufficient. One novel proposal suggests inelastic electron tunneling from a donor to an acceptor mediated by the odorant actuates a receptor, and provides critical discrimination. We test the physical viability of this mechanism using a simple but general model. Using values of key parameters in line with those for other biomolecular systems, we find the proposed mechanism is consistent both with the underlying physics and with observed features of smell, provided the receptor has certain general properties. This mechanism suggests a distinct paradigm for selective molecular interactions at receptors (the swipe card model): recognition and actuation involve size and shape, but also exploit other processes.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

Patricia Catullo v. Liberty Mutual Group Inc

USDC for the District of New Jerse

THE SIZE OF THE PRIZE: TESTING RENT-DISSIPATION WHEN TRANSFER QUANTITY IS ENDOGENOUS

We present a transfer-seeking model of political economy in which the size of the transfer is determined endogenously, and in which over-dissipation of rents is predicted even under conditions of risk-neutrality and perfect rationality. We implement an empirical test of this model by collecting behavioral data in a laboratory experiment. We confirm the existence of behavior that leads to over-dissipation of rents in games with both symmetric and asymmetric political power. We also confirm the hypotheses that lowering the political power of one player can lead to smaller rent-seeking expenditures and to larger transfers. We observe behavior that deviates from dominant strategies.Political Economy,

LABOR LAW- Seniority Rules- An Otherwise Bona Fide Seniority System that Perpetuates Effects of Pre-Title VII Discrimination Is Not Unlawful

Article summarizes International Brotherhood of Teamsters v United States and says that the Supreme Court has carved out an exception to the mandate of the Civil Rights Act that the courts remedy the effects of past employment discrimination that has produced a result that is contrary to the framework and intent of the Act

Can redistribution be a reason to tax capital?

What is the optimal tax on capital when agents differ in wealth and income profiles? In this thesis, I develop a model of agent heterogeneity to consider optimal Ramsey taxation of labor, capital and consumption. When the only source of heterogeneity is initial wealth, and abstracting from the initial confiscation, the optimal tax on capital is zero, provided some relevant elasticities are constant. When, instead, differences are also in terms of labor characteristics, it may, in general, be desirable to use capital taxes. This follows from the imperfection of the tax system, resulting from the restriction that the same income tax must be levied on the different types of labor. This is then related to the findings of the representative agent literature with incomplete set of instruments. The results suggest that labor differences may provide a strong rational in favor of using capital taxes.Qual é o nível óptimo de tributação de capital quando os agentes diferem em termos de riqueza e perfis de rendimento? Nesta tese, é desenvolvido um modelo de agentes heterogéneos para considerar tributação óptima de trabalho, capital e consumo, numa estrutura de Ramsey. Quando a única fonte de heterogeneidade é o nível de riqueza, e abstraindo do confisco inicial, o imposto óptimo sobre rendimentos de capital é zero, se as elasticidades relevantes forem constantes. Quando as diferenças se reflectem também em termos de características de trabalho pode, em geral, ser desejável usar impostos sobre o capital. Isto resulta das imperfeições do sistema fiscal, que são uma consequência da restrição de tributar ambos os trabalhos à mesma taxa de imposto. Estes resultados são comparados a resultados da literatura de agente representativo com um conjunto incompleto de instrumentos fiscais. As conclusões sugerem que diferenças em termos das características do trabalho dos agentes poderão ser um argumento a favor da utilização de impostos sobre o capital