Very High Resolution (VHR) Satellite Imagery: Processing and Applications

Recently, growing interest in the use of remote sensing imagery has appeared to provide synoptic maps of water quality parameters in coastal and inner water ecosystems;, monitoring of complex land ecosystems for biodiversity conservation; precision agriculture for the management of soils, crops, and pests; urban planning; disaster monitoring, etc. However, for these maps to achieve their full potential, it is important to engage in periodic monitoring and analysis of multi-temporal changes. In this context, very high resolution (VHR) satellite-based optical, infrared, and radar imaging instruments provide reliable information to implement spatially-based conservation actions. Moreover, they enable observations of parameters of our environment at greater broader spatial and finer temporal scales than those allowed through field observation alone. In this sense, recent very high resolution satellite technologies and image processing algorithms present the opportunity to develop quantitative techniques that have the potential to improve upon traditional techniques in terms of cost, mapping fidelity, and objectivity. Typical applications include multi-temporal classification, recognition and tracking of specific patterns, multisensor data fusion, analysis of land/marine ecosystem processes and environment monitoring, etc. This book aims to collect new developments, methodologies, and applications of very high resolution satellite data for remote sensing. The works selected provide to the research community the most recent advances on all aspects of VHR satellite remote sensing

Remote Sensing

This dual conception of remote sensing brought us to the idea of preparing two different books; in addition to the first book which displays recent advances in remote sensing applications, this book is devoted to new techniques for data processing, sensors and platforms. We do not intend this book to cover all aspects of remote sensing techniques and platforms, since it would be an impossible task for a single volume. Instead, we have collected a number of high-quality, original and representative contributions in those areas

Improved road centerlines extraction in high-resolution remote sensing images using shear transform, directional morphological filtering and enhanced broken lines connection

International audienceRoad information plays an important role in many civilian and military applications. Road centerlines extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images can be used to update a transportation database. However, it is difficult to extract a complete road network from high-resolution images, especially when the color of road is close to that of background. This paper proposes an improved method for road centerlines extraction, which is based on shear transform, directional segmentation, shape features filtering, directional morphological filtering, tensor voting, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and enhanced broken lines connection. The proposed method consists of five steps. Firstly, directional segmentation based on spectral information and shear transform is used to segment the images for obtaining the initial road map. Shear transform is introduced to overcome the disadvantage of the loss of the road segment information. Secondly, we perform hole filling to remove the holes due to noise in some road regions. Thirdly, reliable road segments are extracted by road shape features and directional morphological filtering. Directional morphological filtering can separate road from the neighboring non-road objects to ensure the independence of each road target candidate. Fourthly, tensor voting and MARS are exploited to extract smooth road centerlines, which overcome the shortcoming that the road centerlines extracted by the thinning algorithm have many spurs. Finally, we propose an enhanced broken lines connection algorithm to generate a complete road network, in which a new measure function is constructed and spectral similarity is introduced. We evaluate the performance on the high-resolution aerial and QuickBird satellite images. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is promising

Dynamic Analysis of X-ray Angiography for Image-Guided Coronary Interventions

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a minimally-invasive procedure for treating patients with coronary artery disease. PCI is typically performed with image guidance using X-ray angiograms (XA) in which coronary arter

Automatic extraction of relevant road infrastructure using connected vehicle data and deep learning model

This thesis presents a novel approach for extracting road infrastructure information from connected vehicle trajectory data, employing geohashing and image classification techniques. The methodology involves segmenting trajectories using geohash boxes and generating image representations of road segments. These images are then processed using YOLOv5 to accurately classify straight roads and intersections. Experimental results demonstrate a high level of accuracy, with an overall classification accuracy of 95%. Straight roads achieve a 97% F1 score, while intersections achieve a F1 score of 90%. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately identifying and classifying road segments. The integration of geohashing and image classification techniques offers numerous benefits for road network analysis, traffic management, and autonomous vehicle navigation systems. By extracting road infrastructure information from connected vehicle data, a comprehensive understanding of road networks is achieved, facilitating optimization of traffic flow and infrastructure maintenance. The scalability and adaptability of the approach make it well-suited for large-scale datasets and urban areas. The combination of geohashing and image classification provides a robust framework for extracting valuable insights from connected vehicle data, thereby contributing to the advancement of smart transportation systems. The results emphasize the potential of the proposed approach in enhancing road network analysis, traffic management, and autonomous vehicle navigation, thereby expanding the knowledge in this field and inspiring further research

Lidar In Coastal Storm Surge Modeling: Modeling Linear Raised Features

A method for extracting linear raised features from laser scanned altimetry (LiDAR) datasets is presented. The objective is to automate the method so that elements in a coastal storm surge simulation finite element mesh might have their edges aligned along vertical terrain features. Terrain features of interest are those that are high and long enough to form a hydrodynamic impediment while being narrow enough that the features might be straddled and not modeled if element edges are not purposely aligned. These features are commonly raised roadbeds but may occur due to other manmade alterations to the terrain or natural terrain. The implementation uses the TauDEM watershed delineation software included in the MapWindow open source Geographic Information System to initially extract watershed boundaries. The watershed boundaries are then examined computationally to determine which sections warrant inclusion in the storm surge mesh. Introductory work towards applying image analysis techniques as an alternate means of vertical feature extraction is presented as well. Vertical feature lines extracted from a LiDAR dataset for Manatee County, Florida are included in a limited storm surge finite element mesh for the county and Tampa Bay. Storm surge simulations using the ADCIRC-2DDI model with two meshes, one which includes linear raised features as element edges and one which does not, verify the usefulness of the method

Bridge Structrural Health Monitoring Using a Cyber-Physical System Framework

Highway bridges are critical infrastructure elements supporting commercial and personal traffic. However, bridge deterioration coupled with insufficient funding for bridge maintenance remain a chronic problem faced by the United States. With the emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSN), structural health monitoring (SHM) has gained increasing attention over the last decade as a viable means of assessing bridge structural conditions. While intensive research has been conducted on bridge SHM, few studies have clearly demonstrated the value of SHM to bridge owners, especially using real-world implementation in operational bridges. This thesis first aims to enhance existing bridge SHM implementations by developing a cyber-physical system (CPS) framework that integrates multiple SHM systems with traffic cameras and weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations located along the same corridor. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed CPS, a 20-mile segment of the northbound I-275 highway in Michigan is instrumented with four traffic cameras, two bridge SHM systems and a WIM station. Real-time truck detection algorithms are deployed to intelligently trigger the SHM systems for data collection during large truck events. Such a triggering approach can improve data acquisition efficiency by up to 70% (as compared to schedule-based data collection). Leveraging computer vision-based truck re-identification techniques applied to videos from the traffic cameras along the corridor, a two-stage pipeline is proposed to fuse bridge input data (i.e. truck loads as measured by the WIM station) and output data (i.e. bridge responses to a given truck load). From August 2017 to April 2019, over 20,000 truck events have been captured by the CPS. To the author’s best knowledge, the CPS implementation is the first of its kind in the nation and offers large volume of heterogeneous input-output data thereby opening new opportunities for novel data-driven bridge condition assessment methods. Built upon the developed CPS framework, the second half of the thesis focuses on use of the data in real-world bridge asset management applications. Long-term bridge strain response data is used to investigate and model composite action behavior exhibited in slab-on-girder highway bridges. Partial composite action is observed and quantified over negative bending regions of the bridge through the monitoring of slip strain at the girder-deck interface. It is revealed that undesired composite action over negative bending regions might be a cause of deck deterioration. The analysis performed on modeling composite action is a first in studying composite behavior in operational bridges with in-situ SHM measurements. Second, a data-driven analytical method is proposed to derive site-specific parameters such as dynamic load allowance and unit influence lines for bridge load rating using the input-output data. The resulting rating factors more rationally account for the bridge's systematic behavior leading to more accurate rating of a bridge's load-carrying capacity. Third, the proposed CPS framework is shown capable of measuring highway traffic loads. The paired WIM and bridge response data is used for training a learning-based bridge WIM system where truck weight characteristics such as axle weights are derived directly using corresponding bridge response measurements. Such an approach is successfully utilized to extend the functionality of an existing bridge SHM system for truck weighing purposes achieving precision requirements of a Type-II WIM station (e.g. vehicle gross weight error of less than 15%).PHDCivil EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163210/1/rayhou_1.pd