The use of 3D laser scanning technology in buildings archaeology: the case of Måketorpsboden in Kulturen museum, Lund

This thesis is a project developed with Kulturen Museum in Lund for the documentation of a wooden building from the end of the 18th century. The technology applied is 3D laser scanning. The project wanted to answer several theoretical questions through the study and to conduct a practical case analysis, which lead to the production of a 3D textured model of part of the building. The work has been developed discussing in the beginning the state of the art of building archaeology, describing the different stages of study of buildings through history, from Renaissance to the seventeenth century and with an overlook of the approach of this discipline in the Nordic countries. Subsequently it has analysed the different kind of surveys for a proper archaeological building investigation: the direct survey and the indirect survey, explaining the differences and the technological innovation applied to this field especially during the last 20 years. A detailed paragraph about method of building investigation with the most recent laser scanning technologies illustrates the “pros and cons” of the utilization of 3D laser scanning for archaeological purposes; specific case studies are described. A final comment about the rising problem of handling and storing of data coming from the utilization of those new technologies has been taken in consideration. The last part of the paper is focused on the explanation of the background history of the typology of wooden building I have been studying and the detailed explanation of all the steps done for the actual project, from the acquisition campaign to the post processing of the data. An analysis of the data I got from the creation of the model of a single room has been performed with the examination of the possibility of future developments of the same project

Heritage Management of Farmed and Forested Landscapes in Europe

Reseña del libro de actas del congreso del mismo nombre "Heritage Management of Farmed and Forested Landscapes in Europe" (EAC occasional paper no. 4, Brussels: Europae Archaeologiae Consilium, 2010, 184 p., 111 colour illust., ISBN 978-963-9911-17-8

Beyond high-resolution geometry in 3D Cultural Heritage: enhancing visualization realism in interactive contexts

La tesi, nell’ambito della computer graphics 3D interattiva, descrive la definizione e sviluppo di algoritmi per un migliore realismo nella visualizzazione di modelli tridimensionali di grandi dimensioni, con particolare attenzione alle applicazioni di queste tecnologie di visualizzazione 3D ai beni culturali

SL3D: un sistema per la realizzazione di presentazioni tridimensionali

L'applicazione fornisce un ambiente tridimensionale per la creazione e la visualizzazione di diapositive, consentendo all'utente di creare interattivamente una presentazione con modalità simili a quelle dei comuni strumenti per presentazioni (PowerPoint, Impress, Keynote) con l'interazione classica dei software 3D

Multimetal smithing : An urban craft in rural settings?

Multimetal smithing should be defined as the use of more than one metal and/or different metalworking techniques within thesame crafts-milieu. This complex metalworking has long been linked to centrality, central places and urbanity in Scandinavia.It has been extensively argued that fine casting and smithing, as well as manufacture utilizing precious metals was exclusivelyundertaken within early urban settings or the “central places” pre-dating these. Furthermore, the presence of complex metalcraftsmanship has been used as a driving indicator of the political, social and economic superiority of certain sites, therebyenhancing their identity as “centralities”.Recent research has come to challenge the universality of this link between urbanity, centrality and complex metalworkingas sites in rural settings with evidence of multimetal smithing are being identified. This shows that the relationship between thecraft and centrality (urbanity) must be nuanced and that perhaps multimetal craftsmanship should be reconsidered as an urbanindicator.The thesis project “From Crucible and onto Anvil” started in 2015 and focuses on sites housing remains of multimetalcraftsmanship dating primarily from 500-1000 AD. Within the project a comprehensive survey of sites will be used to evaluate thepresence of multimetal craftsmanship in the landscape. Sites in selected target areas will also be subject to intra-site analysisfocusing on workshop organisation, production output, metalworking techniques and chronological variances.A key aim in the project is to elucidate the conceptual aspects of complex metalworking. The term multimetality is used toanalytically frame all the societal and economic aspects of multimetal craftsmanship. Through this inclusive perspective both thecraftsmanship and the metalworkers behind it are positioned within the overall socioeconomic framework. The metalworkers,their skills and competences as well as the products of their labour are viewed as dynamic actors in the landscape and on thearenas of political economy of the Late Iron Age.The survey has already revealed interesting aspects concerning multimetal smithing and urbanity. Although the multimetalsites do cluster against areas of early urban development there are also other patterns emerging. Multimetal craftsmanship – both as practice and concept – was well represented in both rural peripheral settings and urban crafts-milieus. This means that therole of multimetality as part of an “urban conceptual package” is crucial to investigate. Such an approach will have the dual endsof properly understanding the craft and its societal implications, but also further the knowledge of the phenomenon of urbanityas a whole. Was multimetal smithing part of an “urban package” that spread into the rural landscape? Did the multimetality differbetween urban and rural crafts-milieus? How does early urbanity relate to the chronology of multimetal craftsmanship?This paper aims to counter these questions using examples from the survey of multimetal sites conducted within the thesisproject. A comparison between selected sites will be presented. The purpose of this is to evaluate the role of multimetality withinthe “urban package” and discuss the role of complex metalworking in the establishment of urban arenas of interaction in LateIron Age Scandinavia

Memorializing the Middle Classes in Medieval and Renaissance Europe

Memorializing the Middle Classes in Medieval and Renaissance Europe investigates commemorative practices in Cyprus, Flanders, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain between the twelfth and seventeenth centuries. Offering a broad overview of memorialization practices across Europe and the Mediterranean, individual chapters examine local customs through particular case studies. These essays explore complementary themes through the lens of commemorative art, including social status; personal and corporate identities; the intersections of mercantile, intellectual, and religious attitudes; upward (and downward) mobility; and the cross-cultural exchange of memorialization strategies.https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_smemc/1002/thumbnail.jp

Revisiting the Monument: Fifty Years Since Panofsky's Tomb Sculpture

Revisiting the Monument: Panofsky’s Tomb Sculpture Fifty Years On arises out of a conference held at The Courtauld Institute of Art on 21 June 2014 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Erwin Panofsky’s Tomb Sculpture: Four Lectures on its Changing Aspects from Ancient Egypt to Bernini. Panofsky’s approach was innovative, considering funerary monuments as artistic objects, charting developments in their iconography, style, form and function within the broader chronology of art history. Panofsky’s work serves as a starting point for the contributors’ exciting new work on funerary monuments, which demonstrate the insights to be gained through innovative research techniques and approaches. The chapter order will progress from tombs addressed by Panofsky, but now reassessed, through new perspectives and under-explored areas, finishing with technical investigations that were simply not available fifty years ago. The fourteen contributors are mainly early career researchers, with an introduction assessing Panofsky’s legacy by Professor Susie Nash, and a conclusion, looking forward to future research avenues, by Professor Phillip Lindle

Digitizing Material Culture

Archaeology has always centred on material studies and has a long tradition of establishing methods for addressing the vast source material at hand. Typology is one of the most prominent of these methods, where the material is categorised into types according to morphology and geometry. There is an ongoing debate regarding the subjectivity of the typological approach and the problems that follow this issue. In recent years, there has also been an increase in the use of digital methods in archaeology to tackle many of the problems present in previous archaeological work, but this has mostly focused on field and buildings archaeology. This thesis therefore aimed at testing and discussing the application of digital methods of documentation and analysis within the field of material studies. It was investigated how a digital approach could aid and solve some of the current issues of the field of study, but also how it can further improve the science. This was done by establishing a digital work-flow, conducting analyses and discussing the theoretical and methodological aspects of the digital approach. It was concluded that there are several advantages to be gained from using the digital method, especially in detail-oriented studies and surface analyses, and that it can also be employed to greatly improve the typological method in regards to the debate of subjectivity, but that the method must be used in a proper way for this to be achieved. It can also aid in the spread of knowledge and documentation within the archaeological discipline, as well as providing the tools for deeper analysis and understanding into the material culture

Reconstruçao 3D de acervos culturais usando câmeras RGB-D : solução de compromisso entre precisão e tempo aplicada ao projeto Aleijadinho Digital

Orientador : Olga Regina Pereira BellonCoorientador : Luciano SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática. Defesa: Curitiba, 29/04/2016Inclui referências : f. 67-78Área de concentração : Ciência da computaçãoResumo: Neste trabalho é proposto a utilização de câmeras RGB-D dentro do contexto de digitalização 3D de acervos culturais. O grupo de pesquisa no qual este trabalho foi desenvolvido está atuando no projeto Aleijadinho Digital. Este projeto consiste da digitalização do acervo deixado pelo artista barroco Aleijadinho. Uma das contribuições desta tese está na apresentação de um estudo comparativo sobre os projetos mais relevantes da área da preservação digital. As diversas tecnologias de geração 3D destes e outros projetos de preservação cultural também são discutidas e classificadas. Os scanners tradicionalmente utilizados nestes trabalhos possuem alta precisão, chegando na casa dos micrômetros. No entanto podem custar até centenas de milhares de dólares, necessitam de tripés, fonte própria de energia, treinamento para calibrar e operar o equipamento, espaço físico amplo e a aquisição pode durar alguns minutos para uma única captura. Enquanto os sensores RGB-D apesar da menor precisão realizam até 60 capturas por segundo, são simples de serem operados, necessitam apenas da conexão com um notebook e em geral custam até 100 dólares. Diversos trabalhos recentes apresentaram métodos que exploram o potencial destes sensores. No entanto, estas abordagens com frequência apresentam deformações quando aplicadas em reconstruções 3D completas, 360 graus, para diversos objetos. Neste trabalho é proposto uma metodologia completa de reconstrução 3D baseada em câmeras RGB-D. E para atenuar o efeito da deformação é apresentado um método de alinhamento baseado em pares que expande o grafo de conectividade. Isto é feito através de um método original para detecção automática de novos pares de malhas 3D com região de sobreposição. Esta medida permite que eventuais erros de alinhamento sejam distribuídos de forma mais homogênea entre um maior número de pares de alinhamento. Esta técnica de alinhamento é importante pois o acúmulo de erro é intensificado pela grande quantidade de imagens geradas por câmeras RGBD. Os experimentos foram realizados utilizando os dados de 30 obras do projeto Aleijadinho Digital, realizado em parceria com a UNESCO. Com o auxílio de modelos criados com um sensor 3D de precisão submilimétrica específico para tarefa de reconstrução 3D, experimentos comparativos foram realizados contra outros métodos estado da arte. Os resultados apresentados foram favoráveis ao método proposto no que diz respeito a precisão geométrica. Palavras-chave: kinect, alinhamento, reconstrução 3D, acervos culturais.Abstract: This work proposes a 3D reconstruction method using RGB-D cameras within the context of 3D digital preservation of cultural heritage. Our research group is involved in Digital Aleijadinho project, which consists of the digitization of the artworks from this baroque artist. We present a comparative study of the most influential projects of the digital preservation area, their contributions and 3D generation technologies. Scanners traditionally used in these projects can achieve micrometer precision. However they also can cost up to hundreds of thousands of dollars, require tripods, own source of energy, training to calibrate and operate the equipment, ample space and the acquisition may take several minutes for a single capture. While the RGB-D sensors despite the lower precision they achieve up to 60 fps, they are easy to operate, requiring only the connection to a notebook and generally cost up to $100. Several recent studies presented methods that exploit the potential of these sensors. However, these approaches often exhibit errors when applied to full 3D reconstruction of di_erent objects, known as the loop closure problem. This work proposes a complete methodology of 3D reconstruction based on RGB-D cameras.And to mitigate the loop closure e_ect we present an pairwise alignment method that expands the graph connectivity.This is done through a new method that expands connections in a pairwise alignment system by automatically discovering new pairs of meshes with overlapping region. Then the alignment error is distributed more evenly over the aligned pairs avoiding the loop closure of full 3D reconstructions. Our alignment approach is necessary because the error accumulation is intensified by the large amount of data generated by RGB-D cameras. The experiments were performed using the data of 30 artworks of Digital Aleijadinho project, conducted in partnership with UNESCO. Our experiments show detailed 3D models and favorably compare with state-of-the-art methods found in literature. Keywords: kinect, alignment, 3D reconstruction, cultural heritage