Study of on-board compression of earth resources data

The current literature on image bandwidth compression was surveyed and those methods relevant to compression of multispectral imagery were selected. Typical satellite multispectral data was then analyzed statistically and the results used to select a smaller set of candidate bandwidth compression techniques particularly relevant to earth resources data. These were compared using both theoretical analysis and simulation, under various criteria of optimality such as mean square error (MSE), signal-to-noise ratio, classification accuracy, and computational complexity. By concatenating some of the most promising techniques, three multispectral data compression systems were synthesized which appear well suited to current and future NASA earth resources applications. The performance of these three recommended systems was then examined in detail by all of the above criteria. Finally, merits and deficiencies were summarized and a number of recommendations for future NASA activities in data compression proposed

Prediction of Peat Forest Fires Using Wavelet and Backpropagation

One of the causes of smog as well as climate damage, particularly in Palangka Raya, Center Kalimantan, are peat forest fires. There are a lot of losses inflicted by the smog including the increasing number of people who suffer respiratory infection (ARI) due to polluted air and any other related aspects. Peat fires are problematic to overcome because the locations of fires are difficult to be accessed. This paper focuses on building the system to predict the distribution of peat forest fire hotspots by utilizing satellite imagery. In designing the system for predicting the fire hotspots distribution, wavelet orthogonal was used as the initial processing of mapping the distribution of peat forest fire hotspots. Meanwhile, backpropagation method was used to identify the fire hotspot distribution patterns of peat forest fire in this system. From the result of the data tested which had been done for predicting the peat forest fire hotspots, the decomposition image obtained using Haar wavelet had the highest percentage of accuracy to recognize the fire hotspots, which is 90%. The recency of this system was its ability to predict the peat forest fire hotspots distribution which can be used as peat forest fires prevention, especially in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan

LANDSAT-D investigations in snow hydrology

Work undertaken during the contract and its results are described. Many of the results from this investigation are available in journal or conference proceedings literature - published, accepted for publication, or submitted for publication. For these the reference and the abstract are given. Those results that have not yet been submitted separately for publication are described in detail. Accomplishments during the contract period are summarized as follows: (1) analysis of the snow reflectance characteristics of the LANDSAT Thematic Mapper, including spectral suitability, dynamic range, and spectral resolution; (2) development of a variety of atmospheric models for use with LANDSAT Thematic Mapper data. These include a simple but fast two-stream approximation for inhomogeneous atmospheres over irregular surfaces, and a doubling model for calculation of the angular distribution of spectral radiance at any level in an plane-parallel atmosphere; (3) incorporation of digital elevation data into the atmospheric models and into the analysis of the satellite data; and (4) textural analysis of the spatial distribution of snow cover

PREDIKSI SEBARAN TITIK API KEBAKARAN HUTAN GAMBUT MENGGUNAKAN WAVELET DAN BACKPROPAGATION (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH)

Salah satu penyebab dari bencana kabut asap serta kerusakan iklim khususnya di Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah adalah kebakaran hutan gambut. Ada banyak kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh bencana kabut asap ini antara lain adalah munculnya peningkatan penderita yang terkena infeksi saluran pernapasan (ISPA) karena mutu udara tercemar dan lain sebagainya. Kebakaran hutan gambut sulit diatasi karena lokasi kebakaran yang jauh dari akses. Penelitian ini berfokus dalam membangun sistem prediksi sebaran titik api kebakaran hutan gambut dengan memanfaatkan citra satelit. Dalam perancangan sistem prediksi sebaran titik api ini menggunakan wavelet orthogonal untuk pengolahan awal citra satelit dalam memetakan sebaran titik api serta metode backpropagation untuk identifikasi pola sebaran titik api dalam sistem ini. Dari hasil data pengujian yang telah dilakukan untuk prediksi titik api diperoleh citra dengan dekomposisi menggunakan wavelet Haar memiliki nilai akurasi pengenalan titik api dengan presentase tertinggi yaitu 90 %. Kebaruan dari sistem ini adalah suatu sistem prediksi sebaran titik api kebakaran hutan gambut yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan kebakaran hutan gambut khususnya di Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah

Fluvial-aeolian sedimentary facies, Sossusvlei, Namib Desert

Sedimentary facies exert a primary control on sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality. The Namib Sand Sea with its Sossusvlei playa-lake is often considered as a modern analogue for sandstone reservoirs. Remote sensing in combination with ground observations allowed us to map the facies distribution pattern of associated fluvial and aeolian sediments. Laboratory spectral signature measurements were used to further improve the separability of six major facies: modern aeolian sand, bypass surface, mud pool/mud drapes, heavy mineral lag, aeolian reworked and fossil dune remnant. Using a supervised classification algorithm trained by field observations, a combination of Principal Component Analysis, band ratios, texture and geomorphologic indices has shown the best result. This made it possible to create a map outlining the facies distribution pattern of the Sossusvlei area at a scale of 1:10 000. We propose this as a possible workflow to efficiently map and monitor desert environments and to investigate the interplay of aeolian and fluvial sediments, including their linked implications on diagenesis. This could improve paleoclimate modelling and even allow facies mapping on other planets

Remote sensing research studies

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Analysis of geologic terrain models for determination of optimum SAR sensor configuration and optimum information extraction for exploration of global non-renewable resources. Pilot study: Arkansas Remote Sensing Laboratory, part 1, part 2, and part 3

Computer-generated radar simulations and mathematical geologic terrain models were used to establish the optimum radar sensor operating parameters for geologic research. An initial set of mathematical geologic terrain models was created for three basic landforms and families of simulated radar images were prepared from these models for numerous interacting sensor, platform, and terrain variables. The tradeoffs between the various sensor parameters and the quantity and quality of the extractable geologic data were investigated as well as the development of automated techniques of digital SAR image analysis. Initial work on a texture analysis of SEASAT SAR imagery is reported. Computer-generated radar simulations are shown for combinations of two geologic models and three SAR angles of incidence

Earth resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes (issue 59)

This bibliography lists 518 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between July 1 and September 30, 1988. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, oceanography and marine resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, and instrumentation and sensors

Earth resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes (issue 61)

This bibliography lists 606 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1 and March 31, 1989. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, oceanography and marine resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, and instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis

Earth resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes (issue 52)

This bibliography lists 454 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between October 1 and December 31, 1986. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis