Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 58 Number 1, Spring 2017

24 - BIG WIN FOR A TINY HOUSE Turning heads and changing the housing game. By Matt Morgan. 28 - $100 MILLION GIFT TO BUILD John A. ’60 and Susan Sobrato make the largest gift in SCU history. Now see the Sobrato Campus for Discovery and Innovation that will take shape—and redefine the University. Illustration by Tavis Coburn. 36 - CUT & PASTE CONSERVATION We can alter wild species to save them. So should we? By Emma Marris. Illustrations by Jason Holley. 44 - INFO OFFICER IN CHIEF From his office overlooking the White House, Tony Scott J.D. ’92 set out to bring the federal government into the digital age. By Steven Boyd Saum. 48 - FOR THE RECORD Deepwater Horizon. Volkswagen. The Exxon Valdez. Blockbuster cases and the career of John C. Cruden J.D. ’74, civil servant and defender of the environment extraordinaire. By Justin Gerdes. Photography by Robert Clark. 54 - WHERE THERE’S SMOKE … there might just be mirrors. On “fake news,” the Internet, and everyday ethics. By Irina Raicu. Illustrations by Lincoln Agnew.https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/sc_mag/1030/thumbnail.jp

Interdisciplinary Film & Digital Media 2015 APR Self-Study & Documents

UNM Interdisciplinary Film & Digital Media APR self-study report, review team report, response to review report, and initial action plan for Spring 2015, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission. IFDM was absorbed by the Cinematic Arts Department following this review

“I thought you were okay”: Participatory Design with Young Adults to Fight Multiparty Privacy Conflicts in Online Social Networks

International audienceWhile sharing multimedia content on Online Social Networks (OSNs) has many benefits, exposing other people without obtaining permission could cause Multiparty Privacy Conflicts (MPCs). Earlier studies developed technical solutions and dissuasive approaches to address MPCs. However, none of these studies involved OSN users who have experienced MPCs, in the design process, possibly overlooking the valuable experiences these individuals might have accrued. To fill this gap, we recruited participants specifically from this population of users, and involved them in participatory design sessions aiming at ideating solutions to reduce the incidence of MPCs. To frame the activities of our participants, we borrowed terminology and concepts from a well known framework used in the justice systems. Over the course of several design sessions, our participants designed 10 solutions to mitigate MPCs. The designed solutions leverage different mechanisms, including preventing MPCs from happening, dissuading users from sharing, mending the harm, and educating users about the community standards. We discuss the open design and research opportunities suggested by the designed solutions and we contribute an ideal workflow that synthesizes the best of each solution. This study contributes to the innovation of privacy-enhancing technologies to limit the incidences of MPCs in OSNs

Evaluation of changes in image appearance with changes in displayed image size

This research focused on the quantification of changes in image appearance when images are displayed at different image sizes on LCD devices. The final results provided in calibrated Just Noticeable Differences (JNDs) on relevant perceptual scales, allowing the prediction of sharpness and contrast appearance with changes in the displayed image size. A series of psychophysical experiments were conducted to enable appearance predictions. Firstly, a rank order experiment was carried out to identify the image attributes that were most affected by changes in displayed image size. Two digital cameras, exhibiting very different reproduction qualities, were employed to capture the same scenes, for the investigation of the effect of the original image quality on image appearance changes. A wide range of scenes with different scene properties was used as a test-set for the investigation of image appearance changes with scene type. The outcomes indicated that sharpness and contrast were the most important attributes for the majority of scene types and original image qualities. Appearance matching experiments were further conducted to quantify changes in perceived sharpness and contrast with respect to changes in the displayed image size. For the creation of sharpness matching stimuli, a set of frequency domain filters were designed to provide equal intervals in image quality, by taking into account the system’s Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) and the observation distance. For the creation of contrast matching stimuli, a series of spatial domain S-shaped filters were designed to provide equal intervals in image contrast, by gamma adjustments. Five displayed image sizes were investigated. Observers were always asked to match the appearance of the smaller version of each stimulus to its larger reference. Lastly, rating experiments were conducted to validate the derived JNDs in perceptual quality for both sharpness and contrast stimuli. Data obtained by these experiments finally converted into JND scales for each individual image attribute. Linear functions were fitted to the final data, which allowed the prediction of image appearance of images viewed at larger sizes than these investigated in this research

Homelessness and Taphonomy: A Multidisciplinary Study

In this thesis, I present multidisciplinary research applicable to deceased unhoused individuals in urban San José, California. I present the problem of homelessness through a “hybrid collectif,” a conceptual framework that encompasses the factors that drive homelessness in life and death. I use taphonomic methodology to examine the problem of homelessness in this urban region by experimentation with porcine carcasses in simulated death scenarios. I utilize total body score (TBS), accumulated degree days (ADD), and predictive entomological species identification to examine decomposition trends. I also introduce “human survival scavenging” as an agent of decomposition, provide an account of ecological succession in this environment, and present a taphonomic index compatible in real-world death investigation of unhoused decedents. Through this report, I encourage researchers to consider the representation of impoverished communities in dense urban geographies and to recognize the value in doing so when conducting multidisciplinary decomposition studies

In vitro detection of mesio-buccal canals in maxillary molar cross-sections using three different resolutions with Kodak 9000 3D CBCT.

CBCT in endodontics demonstrates anatomic features in 3D that intraoral, panoramic, and cephalometric images cannot. CBCT units reconstruct the projection data to provide interrelational images in three orthogonal planes (axial, sagittal, and coronal). In addition because reconstruction of CBCT data is performed natively using a personal computer, data can be reoriented in their true spatial relationships. Aims: To investigate accurate detection of the correct number of root canals in the mesio-buccal root of the maxillary molar teeth using 3D imaging with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at different spatial resolution (isotropic voxel) settings. Methods: With IRB approval, 31 extracted maxillary molars were examined using high resolution, small field of view CBCT at isotropic voxel resolutions ranging at 0.076, 0.10 and 0.20 mm. The image data sets were imported into third party segmentation software to provide 3D videos for 8 observers to determine the number of mesio-buccal root canals in cross-sectional reconstructions. The ground truth was later established by sectioning the tooth roots axially. Results: Twenty-four of the teeth proved on sectioning to have two mesio-buccal canals whereas the others had one canal. Accuracy in detection of mesio-buccal canals varied between observers from 59% to 75% and statistically unrelated to observer experience. No statistical differences were found between the reconstructed 3D images regarding accurate detection of canals. Conclusions: CBCT outperformed the findings for accuracy in detection of mesio-buccal root canals in all previous studies using 2D imaging modalities and Tuned Aperture Computed Tomography. Keywords: Computed Tomography, X-ray, Cone-Beam; Endodontics; Image processing

Cops, Cameras and Accountability: User-Generated Online Video and Public Space Police-Civilian Interactions

Video captured by increasingly ubiquitous civilian cameras and communicated to a mass audience over the Internet is capable of bypassing police jurisdictional influence over traditional mass media and may be affecting police-civilian interactions in American public space as the initial cusp of a paradigm shift. Historically, the ability to visually record activities in public space was reserved to those with the resources and the motivation to devote to the task. Police and traditional mass media wielded power through cameras, power often not available to the public. Today, police often find their cameras outnumbered by those under autonomous citizen control. An inexpensive cell phone can instantly publish user-generated video to Internet servers available to a world audience and beyond local police jurisdiction. Police leverage on local media outlets appears insufficient to suppress imagery. Police-civilian public space interactions are often among the lowest level, highest stakes interactions in the United States. Police powers are restricted by systems which often depend on police cooperation. One organizational behavior pattern is that police will sometimes lie to protect themselves and other police, including perjury, making false reports, and destroying or denying the existence of video evidence of police misconduct. Technological developments underlying these problems are likely to continue along current paths. The stated issues have significant implications for the continued exercise of First Amendment rights in photographing public space, for Fourth Amendment protections against search and seizure and arrest without probable cause, and for police accountability. The research question is, What is the outcome of user-generated online video on police-civilian interactions in American public space? This descriptive multiple-case study based on document analysis of publicly available documents examined 14 police-civilian interactions in American public space between 2005-2010 for the influence (if any) of user-generated online video on their outcomes. Based on cross-case analysis of 38 variables of interest, generalizing to theory indicates that user-generated online video can improve accountability in police-civilian interactions. Several robust theories are proposed, and numerous opportunities for future research are delineated

Index of Silicon Valley 2011

Presents data on the area's demographic, economic, societal, environmental, and political trends, including signs of economic recovery; ability to attract talent; and health, energy conservation, and development. Analyzes the crisis in local government