118,699 research outputs found
MAINTAINING INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE THROUGH UNDERSTANDING THE PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
Overseas Chinese, as the third biggest tribe in Indonesia, and one of the big minority groups
in other South East Asia countries, speak in various dialects in their daily life. Those dialects
are their indigenous languages, based on their ancestorsâ. Most of them speak in Fukien
(Hokkian) or Hakka dialects. Some of them even can speak in the both dialects. They prefer
speak in those dialects to speak in Mandarin. The Chinese cultural value and philosophy
which are taught by the parents and learned by the children continuously in the family take
part in maintaining the indigenous language. Overseas Chinese are still using the language
among their family and peer group who have the same cultural backgrounds. This paper will
discuss in detail how and what efforts have been done by Overseas Chinese âFukienâ and
âHakkaâ society in Medan, in order to maintain their dialects, which strongly related and
influenced by the Chinese philosophy and culture
Lateral fricatives and lateral emphatics in southern Saudi Arabia and Mehri
Arabic was traditionally described as lughat al-ÎĄÄd âthe language of ÎĄÄdâ due to the perceived unusualness of the sound. From SÄ«bawayhiâs description, early Arabic ÎĄÄd was clearly a lateral or lateralized emphatic. Lateral fricatives are assumed to have formed part of the phoneme inventory of Proto-Semitic, and are attested in Modern South Arabian languages (MSAL) today. In Arabic, a lateral realization of ÎĄÄd continues to be attested in some recitations of the QurÎÄn. For Arabic, the lateral ÎĄÄd described by SÄ«bawayhi was believed to be confined to dialects spoken in ĐaÎĄramawt. Recent fieldwork by Asiri and al-Azraqi, however, has identified lateral and lateralized emphatics in dialects of southern ÎAsÄ«r and the Saudi TihÄmah. These sounds differ across the varieties, both in their phonation (voicing) and manner of articulation â sonorants and voiced and voiceless fricatives â in their
degree of laterality, and in their phonological behaviour: the lateralized ÎĄÄd in the southern Yemeni dialect of GhaylÎabbÄn, for example, has a non-lateralized allophone in the environment of /r/ or /l/. Recent phonetic work conducted by Watson on the Modern South Arabian language, Mehri, shows a similar range of cross-dialect variety in the realization of the lateral(ized) emphatic. In
this paper, we discuss different reflexes of lateral(ized) emphatics in four dialects of the Saudi TihÄmah; we show that some of these dialects contrast cognates of *ÎĄ and *Î; and we show that lateral emphatics attested in dialects of the Modern South Arabian language, Mehri, spoken in areas considerably to the south of the Saudi TihÄmah, show a similar degree of variation to that of the Arabic dialects of the Saudi TihÄmah
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Visualizing the Boni dialects with Historical Glottometry
This paper deals with the historical relations between dialects of Boni, a Cushitic language of Kenya and Somalia. Boni forms the subject of Volume 10 of the Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya (Heine & Möhlig 1982). Heine presents evidence for three subgroups within Boni, as well as several areas of convergence between dialects belonging to different proposed subgroups. In reviewing his evidence, I find that two of the three splits are not supported by the data, and therefore his conclusions on convergence must also be reinterpreted. Given the presence of numerous intersecting isoglosses, the tree diagram is an inappropriate model for describing the relations between Boni dialects, and I turn to Historical Glottometry (Kalyan & François 2018) to provide a visualization of the data
Dialectal variation in German 3-verb clusters : looking for the best analysis
German dialects vary in which of the possible orders of the verbs in a 3-verb cluster they allow. In a still ongoing empirical investigation that I am undertaking together with Tanja Schmid, University of Stuttgart (Schmid and Vogel (2004)) we already found that each of the six logically possible permutations of the 3-verb cluster in (1) can be found in German dialects
The origin of the Japanese and Korean accent systems
S.R. Ramsey writes (1979: 162): "The patterning of tone marks in Old Kyoto texts divides the vocabulary into virtually the same classes as those arrived at by comparing the accent distinctions found in the modern dialects. This means that the Old Kyoto dialect had a pitch system similar to that of proto-Japanese. The standard language of the Heian period may not actually be the ancestor of all the dialects of Japan, but at least as far as the accent system is concerned, it is close enough to the proto system to be used as a working model. The significance of this fact is important: It means that each of the dialects included in the comparison has as much to tell, at least potentially, as any other dialect about Old Kyoto accent.
Multi-Dialect Speech Recognition With A Single Sequence-To-Sequence Model
Sequence-to-sequence models provide a simple and elegant solution for
building speech recognition systems by folding separate components of a typical
system, namely acoustic (AM), pronunciation (PM) and language (LM) models into
a single neural network. In this work, we look at one such sequence-to-sequence
model, namely listen, attend and spell (LAS), and explore the possibility of
training a single model to serve different English dialects, which simplifies
the process of training multi-dialect systems without the need for separate AM,
PM and LMs for each dialect. We show that simply pooling the data from all
dialects into one LAS model falls behind the performance of a model fine-tuned
on each dialect. We then look at incorporating dialect-specific information
into the model, both by modifying the training targets by inserting the dialect
symbol at the end of the original grapheme sequence and also feeding a 1-hot
representation of the dialect information into all layers of the model.
Experimental results on seven English dialects show that our proposed system is
effective in modeling dialect variations within a single LAS model,
outperforming a LAS model trained individually on each of the seven dialects by
3.1 ~ 16.5% relative.Comment: submitted to ICASSP 201
Parallel grammaticalizations in Tibeto-Burman : evidence of Sapir's 'Drift'
In chapters seven and eight of his book Language, Sapir talked about what he called âdriftâ, the changes that a language undergoes through time [...]. Dialects of a language are formed when that language is broken into different segments that no longer move along the same exact drift. Even so, the general drift of a language has its deep and its shallow currents; those features that distinguish closely related dialects will be of the rapid, shallow currents, while the deeper, slower currents may remain consistent between the dialects for millennia. It is this latter type that Sapir felt is âfundamental to the genius of the languageâ (p. 172), and he said that âThe momentum of the more fundamental, the pre-dialectal, drift is often such that languages long disconnected will pass through the same or strikingly similar phasesâ (p. 172)
Reading dialect varieties in the literary macrotext
Film and television adaptations of the classics frequently portray the regional and social dialects that supposedly belong to their characters even when in the original novels these same characters speak in standard dialogue or are characterised by way of a few impressionistic â linguistically speaking â brushstrokes. In novel adaptations, television programmes have proven to be even more realistic than cinema. In contemporary film and literature, on the other hand, we can count illustrious examples of how the scale of realism has tipped decidedly towards the portrayal of dialects in literature, rather than in their audiovisual counterparts: novels can be more extreme in their depiction of non-standard varieties than their relative adaptations for the screen. The interplay between literature and its adaptations for cinema and TV screens can shed light on the multifarious function of dialects in fictional dialogues and mirror the changing attitude of readers and viewers towards this socially loaded featur
Phonetic convergence in temporal organization during shadowed speech
The goal of this study was to examine phonetic convergence (when one imitates the phonetic characteristics of another talker) in various measures of temporal organization during shadowed speech across different American English dialects. Participants from the Northern and Midland American English dialect regions, plus several "mobile" talkers, were asked to read 72 sentences to establish a baseline for temporal organization, and then to repeat the same 72 sentences after Northern, Midland, and Southern model talkers. Measures of temporal organization (i.e., %V, ÎC, ÎV, rPVI-C, and nPVI-V) were calculated for the read sentences, shadowed sentences, and model talker sentences. Statistical analysis of the differences in distance between the model talker sentences and the shadowers' read and shadowed sentences, respectively, revealed significant convergence by all three shadowing groups toward the model dialects for ÎV, and significant divergence by Mobile talkers away from the model talkers for nPVI-V. Though the result of divergence by Mobile talkers was unexpected, both results provide evidence that support previous studies, which claim that social perception is a large contributing factor in convergence and divergence. These results are also consistent with previous findings demonstrating variation across dialects in temporal organization and, in addition, provide evidence for variation across dialects in convergence in temporal organization.The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Research ScholarshipNo embargoAcademic Major: Linguistic
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