Developments in state level cyber wargaming

Cyber wargaming is an important part of preparations for cyber defense and offense. Current games have taken one of two forms: ‘Capture the flag’ type exercises, usually designed to train network administrators; and umpired manual tabletop or committee games during which the umpire arbitrates outcomes using methods of ‘free’ kriegsspiels wargaming. The former method is technically focused but usually not representative of real technical challenges and responses. The latter method suffers from the lack of umpires with relevant experience to drive the game narrative in a realistic manner. Our research is developing historical benchmarks and templates to introduce into manual games essential details of cyber-attacks and defense. The aim is to create a more plausible cyber wargame and one more useful for education and exploration of this critical issue