A cumulative index to the 1976 issues of a continuing bibliography on Aerospace Medicine and Biology

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in Supplements 151 through 162 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography. It includes three indexes - subject, personal author, and corporate source

Contributory studies to the development, validation and field use of a telemetry system to monitor ventilation and trophic activity in wild Brown Trout

This work was performed as part of a major research project into the evaluation of the ecology of lake dwelling Brown Trout, Salmo trutta L. using ultrasonic biotelemetry techniques. The supplementary research results. leading up to and after the execution of a program of experiments involving the telemetry of feeding and ventilatory rhythms are described: 1. The presence of red (slow) fibres in the adductor mandibulae muscle of Brown Trout was confirmed to be as previously described in the Rainbow Trout, Sälmo gairdneri Richardson and other salmonids. 2. By electromyographic (EMG) and pharmacological means, the red fibres in the a. mandibulae were shown to be active during ventilation and the mosaic fibres comprising the bulk of the muscle were recruited during more dynamic events such as feeding and coughing. Observations were made on the innervation of the red fibres. 3. Comparative investigations made at sea on large deep sea Squaloid and Galeoid sharks (which have a simple adductor muscle like the Trout) showed an identical functional differentiation as obtained in the Trout. 4. The presence of a migratory 'pace setter potential' was found for the first time in Fish. Its use as an indicator of feeding activity by telemetry was rejected on practical grounds. ýýY NO 5. An ultrasonic transmitter was developed to telemeter an analogue of the adductor mandibulae EMG from wild Brown Trout, using a novel electrode design. Four fish were so equipped and released into Airthrey Loch, University of Stirling and tracked for up to 24 hours (following a 24 hr allowance for post-anaesthetic recovery). Feeding and ventilatory periodicity, linear and angular movement patterns and photoperiod were intercorrelated. Angle of turn and subsequent step length were positively correlated and feeding activity was marked by a preference for dextral turning. 'Area restricted searching' and 'area avoided searching' were the probable causes of the movement patterns seen in this and previous investigations at Airthrey Loch. A depth preference and orientation of the fish to topography was demonstrated. Following analysis of the angle of turn and step length data, it was concluded that the larger transmitter package and more severe surgery materially affected the fishes' behaviour relative to data previously obtained at Airthrey Loch using smaller transmitters. 6. Due to difficulties experienced in 5 above due to an unsuspected effect on the a. mandibulae EMG detectable up to 24 hrs post-anaesthesia, a frequency analysis was made of the a. mandibulae EMG of the Brown Trout and several other species. This disclosed that the EMG from red fibres has a frequency spectrum considerably lower than that of 'standard' mammalian muscle. The progressive failure of the EMG transmitter with time was due to a combination of the anaesthetic effect and the frequency spectrum relative to certain design features. (vii, In the light of these observations, subsequent designs of the EMG transmitter were able to take this into account

Use of end-to-side repair of peripheral nerves for neurotization after loss of nerve tissue in a large animal model

End-to-side nerve repair is an experimental technique for repairing peripheral nerves when severe injury renders the proximal nerve stump not available for end-toend repair or the amount of soft tissue loss is such that the gap between the two nerve stumps is too large for conventional nerve grafting techniques. These types of injuries are unfortunately becoming more common, generally as a result from motorcycle accidents. This study uses a large animal model to compare two variations of end-to-side neurorraphy techniques with conventional clinically established methods of nerve repair to assess the feasibility of end-to-side suture as a technique for possible future clinical use. All the experiments were randomized and the author performed all the surgery. The nerve repairs were assessed electrophysiologically and histologically and the muscles supplied by the repaired nerves were assessed physiologically. There were no significant differences in the outcomes of nerve repair between different conventional techniques. End-to-side nerve repair did support nerve regneration but it was all or nothing. When innervation of the distal nerve stump and the recipient FCR muscle did occur, the functional outcomes were inferior to conventional techniques of nerve repair apart from the twitch and tetanic tensions of the FCR muscle. Double end-to-side nerve repair consistently supported nerve regeneration but this repair was inferior to conventional techniques of nerve repair in all measures of outcome except twitch and tetanic muscle tensions. It is likely that regenerating axons used the epineurial and perineurial layers of the donor nerve segment between the two neurorraphy sites as a conduit for axon growth as well as regenerating axons from collateral sprouts in the end-to-side pathway. The function of the donor ulnar nerves in terms of conduction velocity, was compromised in the double end-to-side repair but not the end-to-side repair. Assessment of the donor FCU muscles in terms of the muscle physiological experiments also needs to be properly tested. Further study is needed to assess the effects of placing the proximal neurorraphy site further away from the distal site in a double end-to-side neurorraphy on nerve regeneration. It is not clear from this work why some of the end-to-side neurroraphies supported nerve regeneration and some did not, especially in the light of the fact than none of the repairs had dehisced macroscopically. Although end-to-side neurorraphy did support nerve regeneration with sometimes good return of muscle function, the use of this technique as a clinical tool at this time cannot be recommended

NASA Tech Briefs, Fall 1976

Topics include: NASA TU Services: Technology Utilization services that can assist you in learning about and applying NASA technology; New Product Ideas: A summary of seloc.ted Innovations of value to manufacturers for the development of new products; Electronic Components and Circuits; Electronic Systems; Physical Sciences; Materials; Life Sciences; Mechanics; Machinery; Fabrication Technology; Mathematics and Information Sciences

Aerospace Medicine and Biology. an Annotated Bibliography. 1958-1961 Literature, Volumes VII-X, Part 2

Abstracts on aerospace medicine and biology - bibliography on environmental factors, safety and survival, personnel, pharmacology, toxicology, and life support system

Heart rate variability used to assess changing autonomic functionin transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

The dorsal vagal nucleus (DMNX) and nucleus ambiguus (NA) are two anatomically distinct regions of the medulla oblongata of the brainstem involved with the control of the heart on a beat to beat basis. The vagus nerve has parasympathetic cell bodies located in the DMNX and NA. The presence of the disease associated prion (PrPD) in the DMNX and NA is used in the post mortem diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in animals. It has been shown that PrPD alters the neuronal discharge properties of infected tissue (Barrow, Holmgren et al.1999; Collinge, Whittington et al. 1994). I wished to investigate whether a change in heart rate variability (HRV) influenced by the presence of PrPD deposits in brainstem areas of animals and people incubating TSEs would be detectable. Recordings from control and infected sheep, cattle and humans, consisting of three hundred-second samples of electrocardiogram (ECG) were collected from species specific healthy controls and subjects incubating TSE disease. Data were digitised at a sampling frequency of 1kHz and were translated and analysed using standard software (CED Spike2 ; IBM SPSS). Artefacts and missed beats were corrected based upon screening by eye. ECG R-wave timings were obtained in order to determine variability in the R-R intervals. An instantaneous tachogram was constructed from which power spectra were calculated. Power spectral analysis along with simpler time domain estimates of HRV, such as RMSSD, were employed to investigate differences between control and infected animals. In addition R wave variability within each breath was utilized to examine the vagal control of the heart in relation to breathing and thus investigate a change in function of the specific neurological areas of the brainstem used as diagnostic criteria for such diseases. It was found there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the HRV of infected sheep, cattle and humans incubating TSE disease compared to control samples. Repeated non-invasive longitudinal tests may provide a means to screen animals and humans for the presence of disease associated prions and may give applications in the objective assessments of putative therapeutics in addition to identifying TSE disease at a preclinical stage.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Aerospace Medicine and Biology - A continuing bibliography, February, 1967

Continuing bibliography and abstracts on aerospace medicine and biology - bibliography and abstract

Приборостроение-2023

Издание включает материалы 16-й Международной научно-технической конференции «Приборостроение – 2023» по направлениям: измерительные системы и приборы, технические средства безопасности; методы исследований и метрологическое обеспечение измерений; физические, физико-математические, материаловедческие и технологические основы приборостроения; оптико-электронные системы, лазерная техника и технологии. Материалы конференции могут представлять интерес для научных работников, преподавателей вузов, аспирантов и магистрантов, специалистов реального сектора экономики, занимающихся исследованиями, разработкой и производством приборов и измерительных систем