Environmental Risk Analysis: Problems and Perspectives in Different Countries

The authors discuss various industrial accidents, which have led to growing concerns about the potential hazards and risks involved in chemical process industries

DEVELOPMENT OF RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR GAS TURBINE

Gas turbines are in operation around the world, used by many industries such as petrochemical, power generation, and oil and gas industries. Thus the safety of operating gas turbine is very crucial and is heavily concerned. Failure of gas turbine especially in those industries can result to risk related issues. An effective risk assessment model is required to assess failures associated with gas turbine and to achieve plant availability and efficiency. This study presents the development of a risk assessment model for gas turbine. The project is developed to assist and to help operators of gas turbine in determining the risk level of failures associated with the gas turbine. Several studies related to the project topic are carried out from journals and books availabl

DEVELOPMENT OF RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR GAS TURBINE

Gas turbines are in operation around the world, used by many industries such as petrochemical, power generation, and oil and gas industries. Thus the safety of operating gas turbine is very crucial and is heavily concerned. Failure of gas turbine especially in those industries can result to risk related issues. An effective risk assessment model is required to assess failures associated with gas turbine and to achieve plant availability and efficiency. This study presents the development of a risk assessment model for gas turbine. The project is developed to assist and to help operators of gas turbine in determining the risk level of failures associated with the gas turbine. Several studies related to the project topic are carried out from journals and books availabl

Accident Damage Analysis Module (ADAM) – Technical Guidance, Software tool for Consequence Analysis calculations

This report provides a technical description of the modelling and assumptions of the Accident Damage Analysis Module (ADAM) software application, which has been recently developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) to assess physical effects of an industrial accident resulting from an unintended release of a dangerous substanceJRC.E.2-Technology Innovation in Securit

Accident Damage Analysis Module (ADAM) – Technical Guidance, Software tool for Consequence Analysis calculations

This report provides a technical description of the modelling and assumptions of the Accident Damage Analysis Module (ADAM) software application, which has been recently developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) to assess physical effects of an industrial accident resulting from an unintended release of a dangerous substanceJRC.E.2-Technology Innovation in Securit

Project risk management and its application into the automotive manufacturing industry: executive summary

In today's competitive environment, there is a continual need for organisations to invest substantial amounts of resource into the development and manufacture of products and processes, and Automotive Manufacturing Organisations are no exception to this. However, if the success rate of the projects undertaken by these organisations could be increased, then the level of resources invested in these projects could potentially be reduced. The management of risk offers a method through which the success rate of projects can be increased. However, as yet, many organisations within the Automotive Manufacturing Sector have not undertaken to integrate a rigorous method of managing the risks to their projects. This work focuses on the development and implementation of a project Risk Management Methodology into the Automotive Manufacturing Industry. The methodology was developed from a rigorous examination into the use of project and risk management into the Automotive Manufacturing Industry, as well as an investigation of risk management and project risk management processes within both the industrial and academic domains. Therefore, the Risk Management Methodology was designed to fit the needs of the users within the Automotive Manufacturing Industry, and as such, is compatible with the project management methods used within this industrial sector. The deliverables of the Risk Management Methodology were compared to 9 risk management processes and were found to give additional benefits to these processes. These were identified as the realisation of quality benefits, improvements to the technology and changes to working practices from reactive to pro-active management, which indicate that the Risk Management Methodology is more suited to Automotive Manufacturing Organisations than the other risk management processes. The Risk Management Methodology is a cyclic process, consisting of 5 stages; identification, assessment, analysis, reduction and/or mitigation and monitoring of the risks. Various tools have been developed as part of the Risk Management Methodology. They are the Front-End Assessment Tool to determine if there is a potential need to use the Risk Management Methodology, a Risk Register Database System to document the identified risks irrespective of geographical location, and the Risk Assessment Tool to enable the level of risk within the project to be reported. In addition to this, a Tracking Tool for Research and Technology Projects, based on the requirements of Rover's Technology Strategy Team, was developed to enable the probability of success of technology projects to be determined and tracked throughout their lifespan. The application of the Risk Management Methodology into 7 projects within the Rover/BMW group enabled the methods through which the assessment of the risks as well as the use of numbers within the tools themselves to be critiqued, as well as benefits of the use of the methodology and the tools to be ascertained. What was determined from its implementation was that it enabled the risks to be made visible through their identification, assessment, analysis and management. Deviations from the proposed plan could be identified, and an effort made to reduce and/or mitigate against the effects of the risks. In addition, the decision making process was improved, through increasing the amount of relevant information within the project and that there was identified a change in the working practices of the individuals and teams, from reactive, firefighting to pro-active management of the project. In conclusion, the Risk Management Methodology and its associated tools and techniques provides the means by which the risks and potential problems within projects in the Automotive Manufacturing Sector can be actively managed and as such, enables the projects to be completed successfully

Investigating intravenous medication preparation errors in hospital clinical areas.

Medication is a leading cause of iatrogenic injury throughout the world and this has spawned a rapidly growing body of patient safety research. Lack of standardisation of terminology and research methods, and international variations in healthcare delivery pose problems when interpreting study findings. Within the UK, intravenous medicines prepared in hospital clinical areas have been identified as an area requiring further investigation. A Delphi consensus technique was used to agree a practical error definition for intravenous medicines assembly and preparation in hospital clinical areas, suitable for multiprofessional and international use. This included a framework of inclusion and exclusion criteria which, if adopted for future research, would reduce variability and allow comparison of results. The definition and framework was translated into an observational data collection tool and validated for observational audit in adult and paediatric ward areas. In depth interviews were used to elucidate nurses' views and opinions regarding problems they experienced with intravenous medicines assembly and preparation and how they resolved them. They suggested that priority should be given to minimising interruptions, to the design and provision of a dedicated workspace, and to use of needle-free devices. Appropriate information on intravenous preparation needed to be readily accessible within clinical areas. Standardisation of the taxonomy, standards applied, and competency required for intravenous medicines preparation is needed. Pharmaceutical manufacturers should improve product design to minimise the number and complexity of manipulations required in the workplace. A human factors approach should be used to analyse and plan medicines safety solutions

Business information requirements for the performance management of aseptic dispensing in the national health service

The purpose of this research is to determine the information to be collected for aseptic dispensing in NHS hospitals, and its use for management and business purposes in relation to capacity, demand, performance and efficiency. Mixed methodologies were adopted on an exploratory basis. Qualitative methods included: regular expert input; workshops; out-turn questionnaires; Affinity Analysis; surveys; and structured interviews. Quantitative methods included: activity data surveys; targeted surveys; and Delphi methods. The research systematised the collection and collation of the required data and determined novel ways of analysing and manipulating it to aid decision-making. These were used to evaluate the impact of major capital investment and variations in practices between different parts of the country. A benchmarking approach should be applied in utilising the data and statistical indicators. Nomenclature issues can influence data quality. Therefore clear, unambiguous guidance was developed for data collection. Existing pharmaceutical information systems will be the main sources of the data for the foreseeable future. The research focused on the North West of England, with successful application in the West Midlands. Its transferability to non-NHS and foreign hospitals is inferred, as long as similar operational arrangements apply. The research enables: the measurement of progress towards implementing the Breckenridge (1996) recommendations; the evaluation of performance for aseptic production and usage to inform capacity planning; and the presentation of the degree of collaboration between hospitals. The research addresses the absence of set data for an important hospital support service, and applies relevant lessons from other fields and industries. It enables a systematic approach to capacity planning and performance evaluation, at a time when the contribution of the service to support clinical governance is being fully recognised