Supporting Service Differentiation in Multi-domain Multilayer Optical Networks

Providing differentiated quality of service became more and more important. This is not only because some service requests a high quality and real time transportation, but also because other services such as the capacity greedy applications request a higher bandwidth. In the meantime, has been the hybrid architecture consists of IP/MPLS domain and ASON/GMPLS optical domain projected as the infrastructure of the future internet. This architecture supports the transportation of the in near future expected data traffic on the ASON/GMPLS over DWDM optical domain, whereas it supports all the IP based service applications using the IP/MPLS domain. However, supporting service differentiation in multi-domain multilayer optical networks require the invention on routing scheme that supports both routing policies, the Physical Topology First (PTF) and Virtual Topology First (VTP), which are used to accommodate traffic in multilayer networks. In this work we use a hierarchical routing algorithm to evaluate the service differentiation schemes that are known in the literature in an IP/MPLS over ASON/GMPLS multi-domain network scenario, these service differentiation schemes are the Routing Policy Differentiation (RPD), Virtual Topology Differentiation (VTD) and Virtual Topology Sharing (VTS).&nbsp

Using GRASP and GA to design resilient and cost-effective IP/MPLS networks

The main objective of this thesis is to find good quality solutions for representative instances of the problem of designing a resilient and low cost IP/MPLS network, to be deployed over an existing optical transport network. This research is motivated by two complementary real-world application cases, which comprise the most important commercial and academic networks of Uruguay. To achieve this goal, we performed an exhaustive analysis of existing models and technologies. From all of them we took elements that were contrasted with the particular requirements of our counterparts. We highlight among these requirements, the need of getting solutions transparently implementable over a heterogeneous network environment, which limit us to use widely standardized features of related technologies. We decided to create new models more suitable to fit these needs. These models are intrinsically hard to solve (NP-Hard). Thus we developed metaheuristic based algorithms to find solutions to these real-world instances. Evolutionary Algorithms and Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures obtained the best results. As it usually happens, real-world planning problems are surrounded by uncertainty. Therefore, we have worked closely with our counterparts to reduce the fuzziness upon data to a set of representative cases. They were combined with different strategies of design to get to scenarios, which were translated into instances of these problems. Finally, the algorithms were fed with this information, and from their outcome we derived our results and conclusions

Application Of ICT TO Resource And Disaster Mamagement

Expansion works such as road expansion and location of new facilities had attracted huge compensations for demolished houses, farmlands and facilities, thus making the cost of future developments in the built environment very prohibitive. A number of urban cities in Nigeria are proposing Mega City Projects which call for sustainable physical planning and property management in other to minimize cost. This paper proposes the application of information and communication technology (ICT), particularly the use of modeling and visual reality to sustainable physical planning and property management with a view to carrying out future expansion works with reduced compensation cost. Also, the paper considers the development of a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) for disaster response and management within the built environment

Photonics and Web Engineering: WILGA 2009

The paper is a digest of work presented during a cyclic Ph.D. student symposium on Photonics and Web Engineering WILGA 2009. The subject of WILGA are Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry and High-Energy Physics Experiments. WILGA is sponsored by EuCARD Project. Symposium is organized by ISE PW in cooperation with professional organizations IEEE, SPIE, PSP and KEiT PAN. There are presented mainly Ph.D. and M.Sc. theses as well as achievements of young researchers. These papers, presented in such a big number, more than 250 in some years, are in certain sense a good digest of the condition of academic research capabilities in this branch of science and technology. The undertaken research subjects for Ph.D. theses in electronics is determined by the interest and research capacity (financial, laboratory and intellectual) of the young researchers and their tutors. Basically, the condition of academic electronics research depends on financing coming from applications areas. During Wilga 2009 there were organized, and thus the paper debates, the following topical essions concerning applications of advanced electronics and photonics systems: merging of electronic systems and photonics, Internet engineering, distributed easurement systems, security in information technology, astronomy and space echnology, HEP experiments, environment protection, image processing and iometry. The paper contains also more general remarks concerning the workshops organized by and for the Ph.D. students in advanced photonics and electronics systems. WILGA Symposium used to have several dedicated sessions on EU FP6 CARE Project and now on EU FP7 EuCARD Project. Papers are presented on E-XFEL, FLASH, accelerator timing, LLRF systems and criosystems

KYPO Cyber Range: Design and Use Cases

The physical and cyber worlds are increasingly intertwined and exposed to cyber attacks. The KYPO cyber range provides complex cyber systems and networks in a virtualized, fully controlled and monitored environment. Time-efficient and cost-effective deployment is feasible using cloud resources instead of a dedicated hardware infrastructure. This paper describes the design decisions made during it’s development. We prepared a set of use cases to evaluate the proposed design decisions and to demonstrate the key features of the KYPO cyber range. It was especially cyber training sessions and exercises with hundreds of participants which provided invaluable feedback for KYPO platform development

Complex Urban Systems: Challenges and Integrated Solutions for the Sustainability and Resilience of Cities

For decades, from design theory to urban planning and management, from social sciences to urban environmental science, cities have been probed and analyzed from the partial perspective of single disciplines. The digital era, with its unprecedented data availability, is allowing for testing old theories and developing new ones, ultimately challenging relatively partial models. Our community has been in the last years providing more and more compelling evidence that cities are complex systems with emergent phenomena characterized by the collective behavior of their citizens who are themselves complex systems. However, more recently, it has also been shown that such multiscale complexity alone is not enough to describe some salient features of urban systems. Multilayer network modeling, accounting for both multiplexity of relationships and interdependencies among the city's subsystems, is indeed providing a novel integrated framework to study urban backbones, their resilience to unexpected perturbations due to internal or external factors, and their human flows. In this paper, we first offer an overview of the transdisciplinary efforts made to cope with the three dimensions of complexity of the city: the complexity of the urban environment, the complexity of human cognition about the city, and the complexity of city planning. In particular, we discuss how the most recent findings, for example, relating the health and wellbeing of communities to urban structure and function, from traffic congestion to distinct types of pollution, can be better understood considering a city as a multiscale and multilayer complex system. The new challenges posed by the postpandemic scenario give to this perspective an unprecedented relevance, with the necessity to address issues of reconstruction of the social fabric, recovery from prolonged psychological, social and economic stress with the ensuing mental health and wellbeing issues, and repurposing of urban organization as a consequence of new emerging practices such as massive remote working. By rethinking cities as large-scale active matter systems far from equilibrium which consume energy, process information, and adapt to the environment, we argue that enhancing social engagement, for example, involving citizens in codesigning the city and its changes in this critical postpandemic phase, can trigger widespread adoption of good practices leading to emergent effects with collective benefits which can be directly measured

The International Postal Network and Other Global Flows as Proxies for National Wellbeing.

The digital exhaust left by flows of physical and digital commodities provides a rich measure of the nature, strength and significance of relationships between countries in the global network. With this work, we examine how these traces and the network structure can reveal the socioeconomic profile of different countries. We take into account multiple international networks of physical and digital flows, including the previously unexplored international postal network. By measuring the position of each country in the Trade, Postal, Migration, International Flights, IP and Digital Communications networks, we are able to build proxies for a number of crucial socioeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita and the Human Development Index ranking along with twelve other indicators used as benchmarks of national well-being by the United Nations and other international organisations. In this context, we have also proposed and evaluated a global connectivity degree measure applying multiplex theory across the six networks that accounts for the strength of relationships between countries. We conclude by showing how countries with shared community membership over multiple networks have similar socioeconomic profiles. Combining multiple flow data sources can help understand the forces which drive economic activity on a global level. Such an ability to infer proxy indicators in a context of incomplete information is extremely timely in light of recent discussions on measurement of indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals.Project LASAGNE Contract No. 318132 (STREP) - funded by the European CommissionThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from PLOS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015597

A wideband beamforming antenna array for 802.11ac and 4.9 GHz in modern transportation market

In this work, a novel antenna structure has been proposed, which consists of multiple sub-array features i.e., a field selectable beam (90°, 180°, 270°, and 360°) and the choice of gain (11.16, 14.59 and 17.25 dBi) that can be easily adapted to cater for the dynamic scenarios in the transportation environment. The sub-arrays were designed using the microstrip patch antenna (MPA) concept with capacitive feed and dual substrate stacked up configuration for superior operating bandwidth covering the entire 802.11ac (5.17 to 5.85 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band), in addition to the extended coverage for 4.92 to 4.98 GHz licensed band with narrow azimuth beamwidth of 24°. The sub-array was designed, simulated and experimentally evaluated and the beamforming results revealed that the antenna structure can be integrated with beamforming concepts to provide an enhanced wireless link between the ground base station and the mobile terminals that allows beam steering to focus on the targeted direction and null the interference directions with small beam width. It is expected that the proposed configurable gain/beam beamforming antenna array will further reduce the deployment cost and enhance the anti-interference performance by two-fold, and shall bring the user experience in the transportation market to the next level