The affective roots of resource heterogeneity: How founders' emotion regulation helps create social resources in startups

Where do firms' heterogeneous resources come from? Our qualitative, inductive study of nascent firms over seven years revealed that founders' differential use of emotion regula-tion behaviors can explain differential creation of social resources at the firm level. We found that founders' emotion regulation behaviors cluster around three themes: (1) the founder's temporal perspective (short-term versus long-term); (2) the nature of founder benefits (economic versus emotional rewards); and (3) the target of founder attention (self versus others). We theorize that founders' emotion regulation behaviors according to these themes influence the incentives of founders and stakeholders and thereby enable the creation of valuable and difficult-to-imitate social resources for their ventures. Social re-sources include discretionary support provided by founders and stakeholders, as well as founder persistence and stakeholder willingness-to-help. Our study contributes to the strategy literature by showing empirically the link between specific emotion regulation behaviors and the emergence of resource heterogeneity at the firm level. It specifically contributes to resource-based theory by separating the theory's main assumptions and outcomes, reducing concerns about potential tautology.Resource heterogeneity; resource-based view; emotion regulation; entrepreneurship;

How do owner managed businesses transform into ambidextrous organisations?

Organisational ambidexterity research has traditionally focused on large firms. This research answers the call for longitudinal studies into how smaller owner managed businesses balance exploration and exploitation to transform themselves into an ambidextrous organisation. They have different characteristics such as resource availability, informal organisational structure and direct owner manager control, often with nebulous strategic orientation. Empirical research has tended to examine these specific categories and frameworks in isolation observing past behaviour or testing hypotheses. This thesis takes a more holistic, dynamic and open approach via an action research case study that links three established ambidexterity frameworks to the practical implementation of predetermined interventions. This study benefits from the rare opportunity of the researcher also being operationally embedded, leading the design of the controlled action research interventions from theoretical frameworks. It observes a companywide transition to ambidexterity experiencing the dynamic impact of turbulence and complexity from pre-commencement analysis, initiation, conceptualisation, implementation and monitoring, over a three year time horizon. This enabled real time, data rich findings and critical reflective analysis, which contrasts with the usual case study approach of observing past events outside of the researcher’s control trying to match actual events to theory. The research is supplemented by data from independent interviews of other owner managed businesses to verify and triangulate findings. The resultant contribution is the design of a practical ambidexterity toolkit template combining for the first time three established theoretical frameworks. This toolkit presents a new practical five stage ambidexterity pathway supported by sixteen questions developed from practical findings. The first stage is a pre-commencement stage, ensuring a strategy exists which is aligned to ambidexterity. The second stage helps choose the appropriate initiation charter. The third stage conceptualises a plan tailored to a firm’s unique characteristics before implementing this plan as the fourth stage. The fifth monitoring stage acknowledges the dynamic longitudinal aspects and how to measure and monitor progress over the implementation time horizon to efficiently optimise exploration and exploitation balance. The five stage process allows a practitioner to take this standardised toolkit template and tailor it via sixteen questions to design a bespoke ambidextrous pathway, grounded in theory, acknowledging a firm’s unique characteristics and one size does not fit all

The Teaching of Vocabulary through the Multisensory Approach to EFL Third Age Adults in a Public Nursing Home in Pereira, Colombia

El aprendizaje del idioma inglés es un proceso que conlleva beneficios cognitivos, personales, sociales y de crecimiento. Esta investigación cualitativa tuvo como objetivo integrar a una población de adultos mayores en lecciones de vocabulario en inglés basadas en los principios de la teoría de la andragogía

Older Adults and Technology-Based Instruction: Optimizing Learning Outcomes and Transfer

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the cognitive and socio-emotional changes associated with aging and to propose ways in which these changes can be accommodated in a technology-based training environment. We recommend that technology-based training for older adults should: 1) be highly structured, 2) provide feedback and adaptive guidance, 3) include meta-cognitive prompts, 4) incorporate principles derived from cognitive load theory and cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and 5) include a user interface that is simple and consistent throughout the course. With a focus on organizations as well as business schools, we then discuss contextual variables that are expected to enhance older learners\u27 training motivation or improve their transfer of training. Finally, we will recommend areas worthy of exploration that might reveal age-specific differences in TBI design

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 359)

This bibliography lists 164 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during Jan. 1992. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and physiology, life support systems and man/system technology, protective clothing, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, planetary biology, and flight crew behavior and performance

Teaching and learning of number concept in Chinese primary classroom

The research investigated the practices of the teaching and learning of number concept and primary mathematics broadly, within a classroom context in China's Inner Mongolia province. Informed by Vygotsky's cultural historical theoretical framework, and using an ethnographic approach - with triangulated data collection methods, the research examined a teacher's approaches to teaching primary mathematical concepts. The research explored the teacher's rationale and understanding underpinning her classroom practices in order to uncover sociocultural contingencies and influences on the part of both the teacher's and learners' framing of the teaching and learning of mathematics in a Chinese Grade 1 classroom. The findings suggest that the teaching of mathematics, specifically number concept, has been and is undergoing changes, as policy regulations within the Chinese schooling system also undergo transformation. The findings further suggest that the introduction of learner-centred teaching into the Chinese curriculum policy framework has not significantly, if at all, supplanted teacher-controlled approaches in the classroom under investigation. While the emphasis placed by the teacher on precision and efficacy appears to have enabled learners to acquire the necessary skills and procedures to carry out the number operations, the concurrent lack of emphasis on individual, or authentic learner-centred approaches that engage learners in problem-based exploration of knowledge, appears to have inhibited the development amongst learners of independent and critical problem-solving skills

Human Dimensions of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries: An Overview of Context, Concepts, Tools and Methods

This document aims to provide a better understanding of the role of the economic, institutional and sociocultural components within the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) process and to examine some potential methods and approaches that may facilitate the adoption of EAF management. It explores both the human context for the ecosystem approach to fisheries and the human dimensions involved in implementing the EAF. For the former, the report provides background material essential to understand prior to embarking on EAF initiatives, including an understanding of key concepts and issues, of the valuation of aquatic ecosystems socially, culturally and economically, and of the many policy, legal, institutional, social and economic considerations relevant to the EAF. With respect to facilitating EAF implementation, the report deals with a series of specific aspects: (1) determining the boundaries, scale and scope of the EAF; (2) assessing the various benefits and costs involved, seen from social, economic, ecological and management perspectives; (3) utilizing appropriate decision-making tools in EAF; (4) creating and/or adopting internal incentives and institutional arrangements to promote, facilitate and fund the adoption of EAF management; and (5) finding suitable external (non-fisheries) approaches for financing EAF implementation

Methodological issues in the observational studies conducted in older population: a narrative review

Introduction Well-conducted observational studies may represent valuable tools for getting insight to disease etiology, detecting the effect of age-related changes, and providing an important perspective on health risk factors and disabilities in an aging population. Nevertheless, this kind of research poses several challenges for researchers. The main aim of this narrative review was to address the potential methodological issues in performing the observational studies in the elderly, the factors that influence their participation, and the possible solutions for overcoming the barriers to research in this population. Methods Comprehensive search for the papers published in the period from January 1st 1980 until 31st July 2016 in English or Italian was conducted through MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases. Findings from the included papers were finally summarized. Results In cohort studies, the following barriers were addressed: sample size calculation, ascertainment of the target population, frequency of data collection, exposure determination, multifactorial loss to follow-up (drop-outs), cognitive impairment, definition of confounders, and ethical aspects. Case-control studies were reported to be prone to the issues like ascertainment of cases and controls, willingness to participate, data accuracy, recall bias, issues related to patients’ multimorbidity, and cognitive impairment. Conclusions Important factors to consider in research in elderly people include: precise definition of the study population, well conducted recruitment process, engagement with family and home care staff, cognitive impairment assessment and the consequent relevant ethical and legal issues, relief of participant burden in order to minimize withdrawal, and engagement with the media

Computational aerodynamics and artificial intelligence

The general principles of artificial intelligence are reviewed and speculations are made concerning how knowledge based systems can accelerate the process of acquiring new knowledge in aerodynamics, how computational fluid dynamics may use expert systems, and how expert systems may speed the design and development process. In addition, the anatomy of an idealized expert system called AERODYNAMICIST is discussed. Resource requirements for using artificial intelligence in computational fluid dynamics and aerodynamics are examined. Three main conclusions are presented. First, there are two related aspects of computational aerodynamics: reasoning and calculating. Second, a substantial portion of reasoning can be achieved with artificial intelligence. It offers the opportunity of using computers as reasoning machines to set the stage for efficient calculating. Third, expert systems are likely to be new assets of institutions involved in aeronautics for various tasks of computational aerodynamics