Virtual Astronomy, Information Technology, and the New Scientific Methodology

All sciences, including astronomy, are now entering the era of information abundance. The exponentially increasing volume and complexity of modern data sets promises to transform the scientific practice, but also poses a number of common technological challenges. The Virtual Observatory concept is the astronomical community's response to these challenges: it aims to harness the progress in information technology in the service of astronomy, and at the same time provide a valuable testbed for information technology and applied computer science. Challenges broadly fall into two categories: data handling (or "data farming"), including issues such as archives, intelligent storage, databases, interoperability, fast networks, etc., and data mining, data understanding, and knowledge discovery, which include issues such as automated clustering and classification, multivariate correlation searches, pattern recognition, visualization in highly hyperdimensional parameter spaces, etc., as well as various applications of machine learning in these contexts. Such techniques are forming a methodological foundation for science with massive and complex data sets in general, and are likely to have a much broather impact on the modern society, commerce, information economy, security, etc. There is a powerful emerging synergy between the computationally enabled science and the science-driven computing, which will drive the progress in science, scholarship, and many other venues in the 21st century

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Mengajar Guru di Era Digital

This article aims to review the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in dealing with teachers' teaching challenges in the digital era. The digital age has rapidly changed the educational landscape, affecting the roles and tasks of teachers. They are faced with new challenges, such as managing an abundance of information, adapting teaching styles to individual needs, and providing effective feedback to students. In the face of these challenges, AI technology offers significant potential. This article will outline several ways in which AI technology can be utilized in the context of education. First, AI can assist teachers in managing data and information by using advanced algorithms to analyze and interpret student data. Second, AI technology can support the personalization of learning. Third, AI can be used to provide effective feedback to students. However, there are some challenges that may arise in the utilization of AI technology in the context of education. One of them is the concern about student data privacy and security. In addition, it is also important to consider that AI technology cannot completely replace the role of teachers, but only serves as a powerful tool. In conclusion, the utilization of AI technology can provide significant benefits for teachers in facing challenges in the digital era. By utilizing AI, teachers can manage data more efficiently, provide personalized learning, and provide effective feedback to students. However, it is important to keep in mind the limitations and challenges associated with the use of AI technology in education

Peran Kemajuan Teknologi dalam Dunia Pendidikan

Technology has brought significant changes to the world of education. The 21st century, commonly referred to as the information, globalization or digital age, has witnessed tremendous changes in education due to rapid advances in media, technology and communication. The application of technology in the context of learning has opened the door to wider access to information, increased student participation, and presented innovative teaching methods. The use of software such as online learning platforms, education-related mobile applications, and various e-learning platforms have enabled distance learning and supported self-directed learning approaches. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed including unequal access to technology, the abundance of online materials that can confuse children, and privacy and data security concerns. To optimize the educational benefits of technology, communities and education stakeholders must collaborate, along with consideration of its social and ethical impacts

Automatic processing, quality assurance and serving of real-time weather data

Recent advances in technology have produced a significant increase in the availability of free sensor data over the Internet. With affordable weather monitoring stations now available to individual meteorology enthusiasts a reservoir of real time data such as temperature, rainfall and wind speed can now be obtained for most of the United States and Europe. Despite the abundance of available data, obtaining useable information about the weather in your local neighbourhood requires complex processing that poses several challenges. This paper discusses a collection of technologies and applications that harvest, refine and process this data, culminating in information that has been tailored toward the user. In this case we are particularly interested in allowing a user to make direct queries about the weather at any location, even when this is not directly instrumented, using interpolation methods. We also consider how the uncertainty that the interpolation introduces can then be communicated to the user of the system, using UncertML, a developing standard for uncertainty representation

From Military to Healthcare: Adopting and Expanding Ethical Principles for Generative Artificial Intelligence

In 2020, the U.S. Department of Defense officially disclosed a set of ethical principles to guide the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies on future battlefields. Despite stark differences, there are core similarities between the military and medical service. Warriors on battlefields often face life-altering circumstances that require quick decision-making. Medical providers experience similar challenges in a rapidly changing healthcare environment, such as in the emergency department or during surgery treating a life-threatening condition. Generative AI, an emerging technology designed to efficiently generate valuable information, holds great promise. As computing power becomes more accessible and the abundance of health data, such as electronic health records, electrocardiograms, and medical images, increases, it is inevitable that healthcare will be revolutionized by this technology. Recently, generative AI has captivated the research community, leading to debates about its application in healthcare, mainly due to concerns about transparency and related issues. Meanwhile, concerns about the potential exacerbation of health disparities due to modeling biases have raised notable ethical concerns regarding the use of this technology in healthcare. However, the ethical principles for generative AI in healthcare have been understudied, and decision-makers often fail to consider the significance of generative AI. In this paper, we propose GREAT PLEA ethical principles, encompassing governance, reliability, equity, accountability, traceability, privacy, lawfulness, empathy, and autonomy, for generative AI in healthcare. We aim to proactively address the ethical dilemmas and challenges posed by the integration of generative AI in healthcare

The cognitive operator 4.0

While previous Industrial Revolutions have increasingly seen the human as a cog in the system, each step reducing the cognitive content of work, Industry 4.0 contrarily views the human as a knowledge worker putting increased focus on cognitive skills and specialised craftsmanship. The opportunities that technological advancement provide are in abundance and to be able to fully take advantage of them, understanding how humans interact with increasingly complex technology is crucial. The Operator 4.0, a framework of eight plausible scenarios attempting to highlight what Industry 4.0 entails for the human worker, takes advantage of extended reality technology; having real-time access to large amounts of data and information; being physically enhanced using powered exoskeletons or through collaboration with automation; and finally real-time monitoring of operator status and health as well as the possibility to collaborate socially with other agents in the Industrial Internet of Things, Services, and People. Some of these will impose larger cognitive challenges than others and this paper presents and discusses parts of the Operator 4.0 projections that will have implications on cognitive work

Integrating Diplomacy and Social Media: A Report of the First Annual Aspen Institute Dialogue on Diplomacy and Technology

This report is a result of the first annual Aspen Institute Dialogue on Diplomacy and Technology, or what we call ADDTech. The concept for this Dialogue originated with longtime communications executive and Aspen Institute Trustee Marc Nathanson. Since his tenure as Chairman of the U.S. Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), Nathanson has been concerned with how American diplomacy could more rapidly embrace the changing world of social media and other technologies. He is also a graduate of the University of Denver where former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright's father, Josef Korbel, namesake of the Josef Korbel School of International Relations there, was his professor. Thus, Albright, another Institute Trustee, was a natural partner to create the first Dialogue on Diplomacy and Technology. The cast is ably supplemented with Korbel School Dean and former U.S. Ambassador Christopher Hill and Aspen Institute President Walter Isaacson, who himself was also recently the chair of the BBG.The topic for this inaugural dialogue is how the diplomatic realm could better utilize new communications technologies. The group focused particularly on social media, but needed to differentiate among the various diplomacies in play in the current world, viz., formal state diplomacy, public diplomacy, citizen diplomacy and business diplomacy. Each presents its own array of opportunities as well as problems. In this first Dialogue, much of the time necessarily had to be used to define our terms and learn how technologies are currently being used in each case. To help us in that endeavor, we focused on the Middle East. While the resulting recommendations are therefore rather modest, they set up the series of dialogues to come in the years ahead

Benefits, Challenges and Strategies of Open Access And Repository Implementation in Seventh-Day Adventist University Libraries: An International Perspective

Open Access and institutional repositories are rapidly making their way into the scientific communication s pipe line. Many universities are implementing their own intellectual production repositories using open access strat egy and technology as a means for maintaining and accessing these archives. With this trend, libraries and researchers have free access to an abundance of subject, institutional and author access points. The literature is becoming robust in presenting the results of research depicting benefits from its use and the challenges libraries face implementing such initiatives. This research investigated 92 university and technological library directors from 66 different countries regarding their perspective on OA and institutional rep ository‟s benefits as well as the main challenges they face to implement such initiatives. Th irteen library directors from 10 different countries answered the survey. These results were then compared to the data reported in the litera ture of the area. Eleven benefits were reported. The main ones were: expends the circulation of scientific work; creates global visibility for an institution‟s scholarly works; maximizes research; accelerates the dissemination of research information; prov ides access to archival literature and allows digital copies to be posted in subject - specific institutional repositories. Thirteen barriers or challenges were presented. The main ones being: technological infrastructure; lack of budget or funds; lack of sp ecialized personnel, and lack of implementation and maintenance quality control system

Launching the Grand Challenges for Ocean Conservation

The ten most pressing Grand Challenges in Oceans Conservation were identified at the Oceans Big Think and described in a detailed working document:A Blue Revolution for Oceans: Reengineering Aquaculture for SustainabilityEnding and Recovering from Marine DebrisTransparency and Traceability from Sea to Shore:  Ending OverfishingProtecting Critical Ocean Habitats: New Tools for Marine ProtectionEngineering Ecological Resilience in Near Shore and Coastal AreasReducing the Ecological Footprint of Fishing through Smarter GearArresting the Alien Invasion: Combating Invasive SpeciesCombatting the Effects of Ocean AcidificationEnding Marine Wildlife TraffickingReviving Dead Zones: Combating Ocean Deoxygenation and Nutrient Runof