2 research outputs found

    Handover in Mobile WiMAX Networks: The State of Art and Research Issues

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    The next-generation Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks, using the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) as the core technology based on the IEEE 802.16 family of standards, is evolving as a Fourth-Generation (4G) technology. With the recent introduction of mobility management frameworks in the IEEE 802.16e standard, WiMAX is now placed in competition to the existing and forthcoming generations of wireless technologies for providing ubiquitous computing solutions. However, the success of a good mobility framework largely depends on the capability of performing fast and seamless handovers irrespective of the deployed architectural scenario. Now that the IEEE has defined the Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) MAC-layer handover management framework, the Network Working Group (NWG) of the WiMAX Forum is working on the development of the upper layers. However, the path to commercialization of a full-fledged WiMAX mobility framework is full of research challenges. This article focuses on potential handover-related research issues in the existing and future WiMAX mobility framework. A survey of these issues in the MAC, Network and Cross-Layer scenarios is presented along with discussion of the different solutions to those challenges. A comparative study of the proposed solutions, coupled with some insights to the relevant issues, is also included

    Gestion du Handover dans les réseaux hétérogÚnes mobiles et sans fil

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    Since 1990, networking and mobile technologies have made a phenomenal unprecedented progress. This progress has been experienced on multiple fronts in parallel; especially on the application level and the user's needs one. This rapid evolution of the technology imposed a need for the existence of heterogeneous environments where the coverage is ensured throughout the different available networks. The challenge with such architecture would be to provide the user with the ability to navigate through the different available networks in a transparent and seamless fashion. However, the navigation among different types of networks is commonly referred to as vertical Handover. The IEEE 802.21 standard offers a component that is called Media Independent Handover (MIH) which has a function that provides the capability of transmitting the state of the connection of the mobile nodes from the lower to upper layers. This layer would exist between layer 2 and layer 3 within the protocol architecture. The main role of MIH is to help the mobile node transfer without interrupt among different types of networks, but the logic of selection is left without implementation. In this context, we worked on the improvement of the Handover management by proposing a new architecture, called VHMC and based on MIH by offering new methods for selecting the destination network. The first solution is a new algorithm called Multiple Criteria Selection Algorithm (MCSA) based on multiple parameters of the quality of service. We used Network Simulator (NS2) for testing our approach and study the number of lost packets and lost time during Handover. The second solution is a new model for selecting the destination network based on fuzzy logic techniques. The distinctive characteristic of this model lies in the study of genuine Handover records taken from a Lebanese mobile operator called "Alfa". A third proposed solution for network selection is based on multiple linear regression theory.Depuis les annĂ©es 90, la technologie rĂ©seau et radio mobile a fait l'objet de progrĂšs phĂ©nomĂ©naux. Cette avancĂ©e technologique s'est faite en parallĂšle du cĂŽtĂ© rĂ©seau, du cĂŽtĂ© application et du cotĂ© besoin de l’utilisateur. L’évolution rapide de la technologie a eu pour consĂ©quence l’existence d’un environnement hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne oĂč la couverture est assurĂ©e par la coexistence de plusieurs types de rĂ©seaux. Le dĂ©fi soulevĂ© par cette architecture est de pouvoir naviguer entre plusieurs rĂ©seaux d’une façon transparente. La navigation entre rĂ©seaux de types diffĂ©rents est connue sous le nom du Handover vertical. Le standard IEEE 802.21 offre une composante appelĂ©e Media Independent Handover (MIH) qui contient une fonction capable de transmettre l’état des liens du nƓud mobile depuis les couches infĂ©rieures vers les couches supĂ©rieures. MIH s’intercale entre le niveau 2 et le niveau 3 dans la pile protocolaire. Le rĂŽle principal de MIH est d’aider le nƓud mobile Ă  faire un transfert sans coupure entre des rĂ©seaux de types diffĂ©rents, mais la logique de sĂ©lection est laissĂ©e sans implĂ©mentation.Dans ce contexte nous avons travaillĂ© sur l’amĂ©lioration de la gestion du Handover en proposant une nouvelle architecture appelĂ©e VHMC et basĂ©e sur MIH offrant des nouvelles mĂ©thodes de sĂ©lection du rĂ©seau destination. La premiĂšre proposition est un nouvel algorithme nommĂ© Multiple Criteria Selection Algorithm (MCSA) basĂ© sur plusieurs paramĂštres de qualitĂ© du service. Nous avons utilisĂ© le simulateur Network Simulator (NS2) pour Ă©valuer nos propositions en Ă©tudiant le nombre de paquets perdus et le temps de latence du Handover durant la pĂ©riode du transfert. La deuxiĂšme contribution est un nouveau modĂšle de sĂ©lection du rĂ©seau destination basĂ© sur la technique de la logique floue. La base d’infĂ©rence, qui est l’élĂ©ment central de la dĂ©cision de ce modĂšle, est dĂ©duit grĂące Ă  une Ă©tude basĂ©e sur un nombre Ă©levĂ© de cas de Handover rĂ©els collectĂ©s des serveurs de la compagnie de tĂ©lĂ©communication libanaise "Alfa". Une troisiĂšme solution est proposĂ©e Ă  travers un nouveau modĂšle de sĂ©lection du rĂ©seau destination basĂ© sur la thĂ©orie de la rĂ©gression linĂ©aire multiple
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