7,974 research outputs found
Effect of P-Phenylediamine on the Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Type 304 in Hydrochloric Acid
The effect of P-Phenylediamine on the corrosion behaviour of 304 stainless steel in 3M Hydrochloric acid solution contaminated with 3.5% sodium chloride was investigated using weight loss and potentiostatic polarization techniques. Corrosion parameters such as anodic and cathodic Tafel slope constants, corrosion potential, corrosion current, corrosion current densities, surface coverage and inhibition efficiency were calculated. The polarization measurements indicated that the inhibitors are of mixed type and inhibit corrosion by adsorption on the surface of steel due to the presence of more than one active centre in the inhibitor molecule. The inhibition effect ranged from 38.1% to 81.9% maximum at a concentration of between 0.125% to 1% before dropping sharply to between 9% and 4% at 1.25% to 1.5% concentration. The adsorption obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm up to 1% inhibitor concentration
Graph-analytic engineering method of corrosion current calculation in multielectrode system
The calculation methods of corrosion current in multielectrode system have been analysed. The algorithm of graph-analytical engineering method of corrosion current calculation in multielectrode system including the principles of graphic and analytical calculation methods is presented. As an illustrative example the case with three electrodes (copper, iron, and aldrey) is considered
Corrosion Polarization Behaviour of Type 316 Stainless Steel in Strong Acids and Acid Chlorides
The corrosion resistance and/or susceptibility of Type 316 austenitic stainless steel was separately performed at ambient temperature in different concentrations (the intermediate and the concentrated) of sulphuric acid, H2SO4, and phosphoric acid, H3PO4. Similar tests were also performed by the addition of 2% (20g/l) sodium chloride, NaCl, to each of the specified acid concentrations to form their acid chlorides. Potentiostatic polarization method was used for the corrosion investigation. The electrochemical corrosion reactions exhibited both the passive and active corrosion reactions characteristics. The acids at the intermediate concentrations show more obvious active corrosion reactions; while in the concentrated form they were relatively passive – the passivity that was associated with the oxidizing nature of the concentrated acids. The addition of 2% NaCl to each of the test medium concentration gave increased active corrosion reactions that could be due to the test electrodes’ surface protective film rupture by anodic dissolution. In all the tests, however, the magnitude of corrosion could be considered to be lo
Electrochemical deposition of a copper carboxylate layer on copper as potential corrosion inhibitor
Carboxylic acids and sodium carboxylates are used to protect metals against aqueous and atmospheric corrosion. In this paper we describe the application of a layer of copper carboxylate on the surface of a copper electrode by means of cyclic voltammetry technique, and tests which measure the corresponding resistance to aqueous corrosion. Unlike the soaking process, which also forms a film on the surface, the use of cyclic voltammetry allows one to follow the deposition process of the copper carboxylates onto the electrode. The modified electrodes have been characterized with infrared spectroscopy. In addition the corrosion resistance of the film has been investigated using polarization resistance and Tafel plot measurements
Tribo-corrosion mechanisms of stainless steel in soft drinks
Tribo-corrosion mechanisms of 316L Stainless Steel in slurries containing common household soft drinks have been studied through investigating the micro-abrasion-corrosion performance using a ball and disk apparatus which has been modified to measure the in-situ corrosion current during the abrasion process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH and solution viscosity on the micro-abrasion-corrosion performance of the material. 316L Stainless Steel was selected because it is commonly used as a dental replacement material. This is an important area of work as the use of steel retainers as well as other stainless steel dental replacements is still widespread and the effectiveness of these devices will be determined by their tribological and tribo-corrosion performance. Additionally, an attempt has been made to investigate the importance of the pH and viscosity variables on the tribo-corrosive synergism, wastage and mechanism maps
Chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion in blended cement concretes expores to chloride-sulfate environments
This paper reports the results of a study conducted to investigate the influence of sulphate concentration and
associated cation type on chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion in blended cement concretes. Reinforced concrete
specimens were exposed to chloride plus sulphate solutions for a period of 1200 days. The exposure solutions
contained a fixed concentration of 5% sodium chloride and the sulphate concentration was varied from 0 to 4%
SO4
2 . The effect of cation type associated with sulphate ions, namely Naþ and Mgþþ, on chloride-induced
reinforcement corrosion was also evaluated. Reinforcement corrosion was assessed by measuring corrosion potentials
and corrosion current density at regular intervals. The results indicated that the presence of sulphate ions in
the chloride solution increased the corrosion current density, but no significant effect on the time to initiation of
reinforcement corrosion was noted. Further, the corrosion current density increased with increasing sulphate
concentration and the period of exposure. The corrosion current density on steel in the blended cement concrete
specimens was much less than that in the plain cement concrete specimens, indicating that the corrosion resistance
of blended cements was much better than that of plain cements. The cation type associated with sulphate ions did
not significantly influence either the initiation or rate of reinforcement corrosion
Electrochemical studies of mild steel corrosion inhibition in sulfuric acid chloride by aniline
The corrosion behavior of mild steel in dilute hydrochloric acid under
the inhibiting action of various concentrations of aniline was studied using the
weight loss and linear polarization resistance technique. The efficiency of the
inhibitor increased with the increase in the inhibitor concentration. The results
obtained reveal that aniline performed effectively as a corrosion inhibitor. The
adsorption mechanism indicates mixed molecular interaction from values of Gibbs
free energy. The values of the inhibition efficiency calculated from the two tech-
niques are in reasonably good agreement. The adsorption of the inhibiting com-
pound was found to obey Langmuir, Frumkin and Freudlich adsorption isotherms.
The mechanism of inhibition was discussed in the light of the chemical structure of
the inhibiting compound and their adsorption on steel surfaces in relation to the
potentiodynamic parameters
Features of medical implant passivation using anodic oxide films
The passivation ability of metals from groups IV and V of the Periodic Table is considered. Anodic treatment is able to neutralize the increase of metal hardening when comminuting grains to nanometre sizes. The deposition of metal oxide film coatings on a cobalt–chromium alloy surface results in substantial passivation of its surface and prevents cobalt and chromium accumulation in bone tissues. The decrease of surface activity of titanium implants can be achieved both by cleaning the surface during vacuum annealing before oxidation and by the increase of the anodic oxide film thickness, which limits mass and charge transfer through the implant surface. Recommended titanium implant treatment regimens are vacuum annealing at 650 °C and anodic oxidation to attain an oxide thickness less or equal to 300 nm
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