2,513 research outputs found
Design and analysis of a beacon-less routing protocol for large volume content dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks
Largevolumecontentdisseminationispursuedbythegrowingnumberofhighquality applications for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks(VANETs), e.g., the live road surveillance service and the video-based overtaking assistant service. For the highly dynamical vehicular network topology, beacon-less routing protocols have been proven to be efficient in achieving a balance between the system performance and the control overhead. However, to the authors’ best knowledge, the routing design for large volume content has not been well considered in the previous work, which will introduce new challenges, e.g., the enhanced connectivity requirement for a radio link. In this paper, a link Lifetime-aware Beacon-less Routing Protocol (LBRP) is designed for large volume content delivery in VANETs. Each vehicle makes the forwarding decision based on the message header information and its current state, including the speed and position information. A semi-Markov process analytical model is proposed to evaluate the expected delay in constructing one routing path for LBRP. Simulations show that the proposed LBRP scheme outperforms the traditional dissemination protocols in providing a low end-to-end delay. The analytical model is shown to exhibit a good match on the delay estimation with Monte Carlo simulations, as well
Thirty Years of Machine Learning: The Road to Pareto-Optimal Wireless Networks
Future wireless networks have a substantial potential in terms of supporting
a broad range of complex compelling applications both in military and civilian
fields, where the users are able to enjoy high-rate, low-latency, low-cost and
reliable information services. Achieving this ambitious goal requires new radio
techniques for adaptive learning and intelligent decision making because of the
complex heterogeneous nature of the network structures and wireless services.
Machine learning (ML) algorithms have great success in supporting big data
analytics, efficient parameter estimation and interactive decision making.
Hence, in this article, we review the thirty-year history of ML by elaborating
on supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning and deep
learning. Furthermore, we investigate their employment in the compelling
applications of wireless networks, including heterogeneous networks (HetNets),
cognitive radios (CR), Internet of things (IoT), machine to machine networks
(M2M), and so on. This article aims for assisting the readers in clarifying the
motivation and methodology of the various ML algorithms, so as to invoke them
for hitherto unexplored services as well as scenarios of future wireless
networks.Comment: 46 pages, 22 fig
DxNAT - Deep Neural Networks for Explaining Non-Recurring Traffic Congestion
Non-recurring traffic congestion is caused by temporary disruptions, such as
accidents, sports games, adverse weather, etc. We use data related to real-time
traffic speed, jam factors (a traffic congestion indicator), and events
collected over a year from Nashville, TN to train a multi-layered deep neural
network. The traffic dataset contains over 900 million data records. The
network is thereafter used to classify the real-time data and identify
anomalous operations. Compared with traditional approaches of using statistical
or machine learning techniques, our model reaches an accuracy of 98.73 percent
when identifying traffic congestion caused by football games. Our approach
first encodes the traffic across a region as a scaled image. After that the
image data from different timestamps is fused with event- and time-related
data. Then a crossover operator is used as a data augmentation method to
generate training datasets with more balanced classes. Finally, we use the
receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to tune the sensitivity of the
classifier. We present the analysis of the training time and the inference time
separately
Dashboard para apoio à decisão na análise de tráfego e ambiente de uma cidade inteligente
Mestrado em Engenharia InformáticaCities are continuously growing in population, vehicles, infrastructures
and intelligence. Using and deploying smart technologies in the cities
infrastructure can improve the multiple existing areas of a city, such
as mobility by improving the road network, infrastructure by improving
the urban planning and population by contributing with better services.
Porto city has an in-place infrastructure of xed and moving sensors
in more than 400 buses and roadside units, with both GPS and mobility
sensors in moving elements, and with environmental sensors in
xed units. This infrastructure can provide valuable data that can extract
information to better understand the city and, eventually, support
actions to improve the city mobility, urban planning, and environment.
This work has the objective of using the information generated by the
sensors placed in the buses of Porto, and using it to analyze the road
tra c information based on the mobility patterns of the buses. The
data from the environmental sensors deployed in Porto is also provided
and used to analyze the air quality of the city and its in
uence by the
tra c.
The developed system provides a full stack integration of the information
into a city dashboard that displays and correlates the data generated
from the buses movement and the environment from the xed
sensors, allowing di erent visualizations over the road tra c and the
environment in the city, and decisions over the current status of the
city. A good example is the relation of bus speed variation with possible
anomalies on the road or tra c jams. Visualizing such information
with a superior level of detail on the road tra c, more anomalies can
be found, adding more value to a city manager when taking urban
planning decisions to improve the city mobility in a smart way.As cidades tem estado continuamente a crescer tanto em populaçao,
como em veiculos, infra-estruturas e inteligencia. Ao implementar e
usar tecnologias inteligentes na infra-estrutura das cidades, e possivel
melhorar as diversas areas de uma cidade, como a mobilidade ao melhorar
a infra-estrutura das estradas, as infra-estruturas ao melhorar o
planeamento urbano e a populaçao ao disponibilizar melhores serviços.
A cidade do Porto tem neste momento uma infra-estrutura de sensores
fixos e moveis em mais de 400 autocarros, e unidades de comunicação
na estrada, com GPS e sensores de mobilidade nos elementos moveis,
e com sensores ambientais nas unidades fixas. Esta infra-estrutura
proporciona dados valiosos baseados nos padrões de mobilidade dos
autocarros. Os dados dos sensores ambientais são também disponibilizados
e usados para analisar a qualidade do ar da cidade e a sua
influencia perante o trafego de veículos.
O sistema desenvolvido fornece uma integração completa da informação num dashboard da cidade que mostra e correlaciona os dados
gerados pelo movimento dos autocarros e do ambiente a partir dos sensores
fixos, permitindo diferentes visualizações do trânsito nas estradas
e do ambiente na cidade, e decisões sobre o estado actual da cidade.
Um bom exemplo e a relação da variação da velocidade dos autocarros
com possíveis anomalias na estrada ou engarrafamentos. Ao visualizar
esta informação com um nível de detalhe superior nas anomalias encontradas
na estrada, o gestor da cidade pode beneficiar do dashboard
quando precisa de tomar decisões relacionadas com o planeamento urbano
e assim melhorar de uma maneira inteligente a mobilidade da
cidade
On the Feasibility of Social Network-based Pollution Sensing in ITSs
Intense vehicular traffic is recognized as a global societal problem, with a
multifaceted influence on the quality of life of a person. Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS) can play an important role in combating such
problem, decreasing pollution levels and, consequently, their negative effects.
One of the goals of ITSs, in fact, is that of controlling traffic flows,
measuring traffic states, providing vehicles with routes that globally pursue
low pollution conditions. How such systems measure and enforce given traffic
states has been at the center of multiple research efforts in the past few
years. Although many different solutions have been proposed, very limited
effort has been devoted to exploring the potential of social network analysis
in such context. Social networks, in general, provide direct feedback from
people and, as such, potentially very valuable information. A post that tells,
for example, how a person feels about pollution at a given time in a given
location, could be put to good use by an environment aware ITS aiming at
minimizing contaminant emissions in residential areas. This work verifies the
feasibility of using pollution related social network feeds into ITS
operations. In particular, it concentrates on understanding how reliable such
information is, producing an analysis that confronts over 1,500,000 posts and
pollution data obtained from on-the- field sensors over a one-year span.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, Transaction Forma
Computational Intelligence Inspired Data Delivery for Vehicle-to-Roadside Communications
We propose a vehicle-to-roadside communication protocol based on distributed clustering where a coalitional game approach is used to stimulate the vehicles to join a cluster, and a fuzzy logic algorithm is employed to generate stable clusters by considering multiple metrics of vehicle velocity, moving pattern, and signal qualities between vehicles. A reinforcement learning algorithm with game theory based reward allocation is employed to guide each vehicle to select the route that can maximize the whole network performance. The protocol is integrated with a multi-hop data delivery virtualization scheme that works on the top of the transport layer and provides high performance for multi-hop end-to-end data transmissions. We conduct realistic computer simulations to show the performance advantage of the protocol over other approaches
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