17,128 research outputs found
Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety, liability, privacy, cybersecurity, and industry risks
The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there
are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended
consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of
the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that
can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by
governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far,
governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to
promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus
on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The
US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to
privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws
to address liability issues, other countries mostly acknowledge these issues,
but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and
cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV
specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less
attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks,
although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might
be negatively affected.Comment: Transport Reviews, 201
Toolbox of Countermeasures for Rural Two-Lane Curves, June 2012
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) estimates that 58 percent of roadway fatalities are lane departures, while 40 percent of fatalities are single-vehicle run-off-road (SVROR) crashes. Addressing lane-departure crashes is therefore a priority for national, state, and local roadway agencies. Horizontal curves are of particular interest because they have been correlated with increased crash occurrence.
This toolbox was developed to assist agencies address crashes at rural curves. The main objective of this toolbox is to summarize the effectiveness of various known curve countermeasures.
While education, enforcement, and policy countermeasures should also be considered, they were not included given the toolbox focuses on roadway-based countermeasures. Furthermore, the toolbox is geared toward rural two-lane curves.
The research team identified countermeasures based on their own research, through a survey of the literature, and through discussions with other professionals. Coverage of curve countermeasures in this toolbox is not necessarily comprehensive.
For each countermeasure covered, this toolbox includes the following information: description, application, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages
Making Transport Safer: V2V-Based Automated Emergency Braking System
An important goal in the field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is to provide driving aids aimed at preventing accidents and reducing the number of traffic victims. The commonest traffic accidents in urban areas are due to sudden braking that demands a very fast response on the part of drivers. Attempts to solve this problem have motivated many ITS advances including the detection of the intention of surrounding cars using lasers, radars or cameras. However, this might not be enough to increase safety when there is a danger of collision. Vehicle to vehicle communications are needed to ensure that the other intentions of cars are also available. The article describes the development of a controller to perform an emergency stop via an electro-hydraulic braking system employed on dry asphalt. An original V2V communication scheme based on WiFi cards has been used for broadcasting positioning information to other vehicles. The reliability of the scheme has been theoretically analyzed to estimate its performance when the number of vehicles involved is much higher. This controller has been incorporated into the AUTOPIA program control for automatic cars. The system has been implemented in Citroën C3 Pluriel, and various tests were performed to evaluate its operation
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