Comparison Between Rectangular and Cylindrical Continuous Ohmic Heating Modelling

Two-dimensional models is developed for collinear cylindrical continuous ohmic heating cell(3-ring electrode inserted in cylindrical column one at the middle and the other two atextremities) and rectangular continuous ohmic heating (two parallel plate electrode insertedalong 0.5m long) to simulate the Electric field distribution, temperature and velocity profilesduring continuous ohmic heating of non-Newtonian power law liquid food (Guava juice) usingcomputational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes using A user defined functions (UDFs) which isemployed in original flat pattern FLUENT 6.1 for electric field equation. The simulation wascarried with and without buoyancy driven force effects. The buoyancy effects show significanceeffect in both colliner and parallel plate electrodes configuration ohmic heating in this study, theparallel plate electrode configuration (transverse electric fields) ohmic heating show uniformtemperature distribution than the collinear one. The computations domain used for the cylindricalheating cell (with diameter of 0.05m and height of 0.50m, and have three electrodes, eachelectrode have width of 0.02m and the distances between electrode is 0.22m) and the rectangularheating cell (with length of 0.2m, width of 0.04m and height 0.6m, the plate electrode is0.2m×0.04m×0.6m inserted along the wall) . In the rectangular ohmic heating the flow behaviormeasurement was used to validate the CFD simulation using water in the temperature range 30-40 0C and in the cylindrical ohmic heating for guava juice in temperature range 30-900C

Formulation and statistical evaluation of a ready-to-drink whey based orange beverage and its storage stability

A value-added functional beverage is formulated utilizing unprocessed liquid whey. Whey has excellent nutritional qualities and bland flavors; it is easy to digest and has a unique functionality in a beverage system. The ready-to-drink beverage is formulated with concentrated whey, orange juice along with an adequate amount of sugar, stabilizer, citric acid and flavor. Orange juice is used since the acidic flavor of whey is compatible With citrus flavors and particularly orange. The health and nutrition benefits of orange further imparts the value to the formulated beverage. Nine blend formulations are prepared by varying the dry matter of whey, fruit juice and sugar content Based on a statistical analysis of the sensory evaluation of the drinks, the optimal formulation is found to have a ratio 3:2 for concentrated liquid whey and orange juice followed by an addition of 8% sugar (w/v) and 0.1% stabilizer (w/v). The shelf-life of the final product is carried out both at room temperature (30+/-2 degrees C) and refrigeration temperature (7+/-1 degrees C) with and without addition of preservatives. The product remains in good condition up to eleven days at room temperature and up to three months under refrigeration condition with addition of 150 ppm of sodium benzoate

Dominance of Cyperus kyllingia Endl. at guava orchard and its possible resistance to glyphosate

Weed resistance, indicated by increasing the level of herbicide for control, might arise due to the continuous use of similar herbicides in the long term without any herbicide rotation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the status of dominant weeds in a guava orchard to determine weed control strategies. The research was carried out from November 2020 to June 2021 at Agribusiness Technology Park IPB, Bogor. Vegetation analysis to define dominance was carried out at 4 blocks using the square method. In each block, five sampling points were randomly selected. Seeds of C. kyllingia were collected and planted as many as 25 seedlings in polybags. Glyphosate herbicide was applied onto C. kyllingia in 3 replications using 9 doses, i.e., 0 (D0), 60.75 (D1), 121.5 (D2), 243 (D3), 486 (D4), 972 (D5), 1944 (D6), 3888 (D7), and 7776 g ha-1 (D8). C. kyllingia mortality percentages were analyzed using linear regression to obtain LD50. The results showed that the dominant weed was C. kyllingia. Block 4 showed the highest significant LD50 value at 759.11 g ha-1 with a resistance index of 2.67 (reduced sensitivity). The presence of dominant C. kyllingia was identified only at block 4, indicating the dominance could correlate with increasing resistance of the particular weed. Keywords: doses; EPSPS; glyphosate; LD50; sedges; vegetation analysi

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

There is increasing evidence that high consumption of fruit and vegetables is beneficial for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention

Effect of heat and thermosonication on kinetics of peroxidase inactivation and vitamin C degradation in seedless guava (Psidium guajava L.)

This study aims to evaluate the effect of heat and the simultaneous application of heat (80-95°C) and ultrasonic waves (thermosonication) on the inactivation kinetic of peroxidase and vitamin C degradation in seedless guava. Ultrasonic wave’s amplitudes except 25 and 100% had significant (P<0.05) effect on peroxidase inactivation rate. The thermal and thermosonication inactivation of peroxidase was described well by first-order kinetics (R2>0.98). In the heat blanching process, the peroxidase inactivation rate constant increased from 1.1×10-2 to 4.6×10-2 s-1. However, the inactivation rate of peroxidase was increased by 1.5–3 times in the temperature range 80–95ºC, with the 50 and 75% ultrasonic wave amplitudes, respectively. Decreases in vitamin C contents due to blanching treatments were found. Blanching processes at high temperature and short time resulted in higher vitamin C retention. It was found that thermosonication treatment inactivates seedless guava peroxidase at less severe blanching conditions and consequently retains vitamin C content at higher levels. The present findings will help to design the blanching conditions in order to reduce the severity of conventional thermal treatments and, therefore, improving the quality of the thermally treated product

Search-based energy optimization of some ubiquitous algorithms

Reducing computational energy consumption is of growing importance, particularly at the extremes (i.e. mobile devices and datacentres). Despite the ubiquity of the JavaTM Virtual Machine (JVM), very little work has been done to apply Search Based Software Engineering (SBSE) to minimize the energy consumption of programs that run on it. We describe OPACITOR , a tool for measuring the energy consumption of JVM programs using a bytecode level model of energy cost. This has several advantages over time-based energy approximations or hardware measurements. It is: deterministic.&nbsp; unaffected by the rest of the computational environment.&nbsp; able to detect small changes in execution profile, making it highly amenable to metaheuristic search which requires locality of representation. We show how generic SBSE approaches coupled with OPACITOR achieve substantial energy savings for three widely-used software components. Multi-Layer Perceptron implementations minimis- ing both energy and error were found, and energy reductions of up to 70% and 39.85% were obtained over the original code for Quicksort and Object-Oriented container classes respectively. These highlight three important considerations for automatically reducing computational energy: tuning software to particular distributions of data; trading off energy use against functional properties; and handling internal dependencies which can exist within software that render simple sweeps over program variants sub-optimal. Against these, global search greatly simplifies the developer&rsquo;s job, freeing development time for other tasks

Leek (Allium fistulosum, L.) Growth and Yield as Affected by Cow Manure and Guava Waste Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Fruit waste can be a good source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) because it contains macro and micronutrients needed by plants. This study aims to determine the type and concentration of LOF for the growth and yield of leek (Allium fistulosum, L.). This research was conducted from June to August 2019, in Pematang Gubernur, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Treatment consist of types of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) which were cow manure (CM) and guava waste (GW) at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Experimental treatment included; without LOF, CM LOF (25%), CM LOF (50%), CM LOF (75%), GW LOF (25%), GW LOF (50%), GW LOF (75%), CM LOF + GW LOF (25%), CM LOF + GW LOF (50%) and CM LOF + GW LOF (75%). The study used a completely randomized design (CRD), one factor, repeated five times. Differences in LOF concentration and source significantly affected the number of leaves and tiller diameter. Nonetheless, it did not affect the number of tillers, plant height, and fresh weight. Cow manure liquid organic fertilizer at a 50 % concentration raised the number of leaves by 35 %, whereas guava waste increased the leaves numbers by 25%. With the application of guava waste liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 75%, so the number of tillers increased by 23%

Host Preference Fruit Flies Bactrocera Carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and Bactrocera Dorsalis (Drew and Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Host plant preference amongst several fruit species was studied for two fruit fly species i.e. Bactrocera carambolae (Drew &amp; Hancock) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Drew &amp; Hancock), which both belong to B. dorsalis species complex. Both fruit fly species are known to be polyphagous and cause significant economic losses as pests of fruit crops. The aim of this research was to assess the host range of these major pests in Indonesia. The research was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory and Insect Specimen Collection Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agriculture Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia from June 2011 to March 2012. Comparative host preference for both species was studied with regard to malaya varieties of star fruit (Averrhoa carambolae), manalagi varieties of mango (Mangifera indica), guava aka water apple (Psidium guajava), citra water guava (Eugenia aquae), Jamaica bol guava (Eugenia malaccenensis), and california papaya (Carica papaya). Our results suggest the strongest preference for malaya star fruit by B. carambolae followed by manalagi mango; and for california papaya followed by manalagi mango by B. dorsalis. The study also found that welahan variety star fruit is least preferred by both species of fruit fly