Contextual Mobile Learning for professionals working in the “Smart City”

In this study, we propose an innovative approach using the “Contextual Mobile Learning System” based on the “Electronic Performance Support System” (EPSS) to support efficient just-in-time learning for professionals working in the “Smart city”. In this paper, we present the principle and the structure of our contextual mobile learning system, which uses a search engine to find appropriate learning units in relation with working activities and conditions and the user’s / worker’s profile. We further discuss the proposed system structure, supportive process and context-driven engine. Finally, we describe a scenario using our contextual mobile learning system

Illuminating Smart City Solutions – A Taxonomy and Clusters

With urban problems intensifying, Smart City solutions are recognized by researchers and practitioners as one of the most promising solutions to make urban areas economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. While many elements of Smart City solutions have been explored, existing works either treat Smart City solutions as technical black boxes or focus exclusively on Smart City solutions’ technical or non-technical characteristics. Therefore, to conceptualize the unique characteristics of Smart City solutions currently available, we developed a multi-layer taxonomy based on Smart City solution literature and a sample of 106 Smart City solutions. Moreover, we identified three clusters, each covering a typical combination of characteristics of Smart City solutions. We evaluated our findings by applying the Q-sort method. The results contribute to the descriptive knowledge of Smart City solutions as a first step for a theory for analyzing and enable researchers and practitioners to understand Smart City solutions more holistically

A citizen-centred approach to education in the smart city: incidental language learning for supporting the inclusion of recent migrants

Smart cities are often developed in a top-down approach and designers may see citizens as bits within data flows. A more human-centred perspective would be to consider what the smart city might afford its citizens. A high speed, pervasive network infrastructure offers the opportunity for ubiquitous mobile learning to become a reality. The MASELTOV project sees the smart city as enabling technology enhanced incidental learning: unplanned or unintentional learning that takes place in everyday life, in any place, at any time, with the city itself the context and the prompt for learning episodes. Migrants in particular will benefit: limited in their opportunity to attend formal education yet with a pressing need for language learning to support their integration. Incidental learning services, like smart city planning, need interdisciplinary communication for successful development. We describe the MASELTOV Incidental Learning Framework which will act as a boundary object to facilitate this process.

The smart city as mobile policy: Insights on contemporary urbanism

Under embargo until: 2021-12-19What can the smart city discourse tell us about contemporary urbanism? This discourse is arguably a key exemplar of the increasingly mobile and networked characteristic of urban policy-making, and can reveal important insights into the policy processes currently shaping cities. For that purpose, this paper empirically examines smart city networks funded by the European Union, in particular three so-called ‘Lighthouse cities’ for smart city development – Nottingham, Stavanger and Stockholm – and their contested local implementation. On the basis of these cases, we highlight three characteristics that emerge when smart city policies are made mobile: glossiness, fragmentation and randomness. We propose that with intensifying policy mobility these qualities may be increasingly important features of contemporary urban policy-making, that condition possibilities to govern cities in response to critical urban challenges.acceptedVersio

Smart Governance: Opportunities for technologically-mediated citizen co-production

Citizens increasingly contribute directly to the evolution of sustainable cities, in particular where new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) promise to transform urban governance into ‘Smart city governance’ and where ICTs are integrated in strategies for citizen participation and the co-production of public services and policy. This article provides a multi-disciplinary understanding of Smart city governance, including new insights around the opportunities for citizen engagement in the co-production of service-delivery and decision-making. Using findings from a review of Smart cities literature and practice, the article aims to establish the breadth of Smart city initiatives which emphasise citizen participation and the realities of delivering such initiatives in complex city environments. Emphasising the emerging role of the technologically ‘empowered’ citizen, a new conceptual model is presented, where mutual trust, shared understanding and new opportunities for co-production emerge in an environment mediated by new technology – this form of Smart governance is referred to here as ‘technologically-mediated municipal reciprocity’

The alignment of university curricula with the building of a smart city: a case study from Barcelona

This paper argues the role of the University in the Smart City transformation strategy. The theoretical structure takes as reference the recent Complexity theory for city development and their application to the networks of the Connected city. The approach is based on a justified selection of Barcelona and its four universities. We carry out a deductive and interpretivist method interviewing 19 senior experts whole profiles represent the dif- ferent forces of the Triple Helix model. Our results show the Barcelona city hall has the objective to implement five main innovative services which are fuelled by six main emerging technologies. Nevertheless, we demon- strate that the universities curriculum is not aligned with the city hall's objectives and a gap exists to prepare the undergraduates to the professions required for the Smart City. We recommend six propositions to reshape the University program curricula and leverage the application of Complexity theory to network. The originality of this study is to propose a 3-phases method along with a framework with pre-filled templates and protocols of interviews to analyze universities that pursue the objective to support Smart Cities implementation in a new context of science of cities.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Succeeding with Smart People Initiatives: Difficulties and Preconditions for Smart City Initiatives that Target Citizens

Smart City is a paradigm for the development of urban spaces through the implementation of state-of-the-art ICT. There are two main approaches when developing Smart Cities: top-down and bottom-up. Based on the bottom-up approach, the concepts of Smart People and Smart Communities have emerged as dimensions of the Smart City, advocating for the engagement of citizens in Smart People initiatives. The aim of this research is both to find the types of Smart People initiatives and to identify their difficulties and preconditions for success. However, such initiatives that aim to (1) leverage the citizens intellectually and (2) use citizens as a source of input for ideas and innovation, are understudied. Therefore, this research proposes a concentrated framework of Smart People initiatives from an extensive literature review. On one hand, this framework contributes with a common ground and vocabulary that facilitates the dialogue within and between practitioners and academia. On the other hand, the identification of difficulties and preconditions guides the academia and practitioners in how to successfully account for citizens in the Smart City. From the literature review and the conduct of case studies of five European cities, participation came out as the key difficulty across both types of Smart People initiatives and cases, closely followed by awareness, motivation and complexity

Learning when out and about

[Introduction] Mobile digital devices such as tablet computers and smartphones (mobile phones that can run apps and access the Internet), enable learners to access learning materials while out and about during their daily lives. This enables networked digital learning to move from beyond the classroom and to become part of everyday routines. Smartphones and tablets are increasingly likely to be the first devices a wide range of people will turn to for technology enhanced learning, incorporated into their everyday activities and carried with them. Learning becomes ubiquitous, making use of ‘domesticated’ technologies that serve a variety of purposes in daily life. In this chapter, we consider how smartphones can trigger location specific learning resources to support adults learning languages when out and about, and consider two projects, MASELTOV and SALSA. There has been increased interest in exploring the potential of ‘smart cities’ – urban environments with high-tech infrastructures – to support learning. We look at an example, the SALSA project, where a combination of smartphones, location-based technologies and learning resources has been used to prompt language learners, and to understand whether this motivates them to extend their learning

A smart city for all citizens: an exploration of children’s participation in Norway’s smartest city

In recent years, a 'participatory turn' has emerged as a remedy to counter top-down and techno-centric smart city development approaches. While this shift in smart city policies and strategies offers promise, it also presents challenges. This paper scrutinizes the participatory shift within smart city policies and initiatives in Stavanger, Norway, a pioneer and driving force for smart city development in Northern Europe. Using a qualitative case study of the Lervig Smart Park project, with a particular focus on the inclusion of children and youth, we investigate the methods of participation employed and the stages at which children are integrated into the planning process. Our findings underscore the beneficial outcomes of including children and youth in the Lervig Park design process, yet also reveal significant limitations, especially in the perception of children as capable political subjects and the absence of suitable methodological tools for their engagement across planning phases.publishedVersio

이해관계자 접근을 통한 베트남 중소도시의 스마트시티 개발에 관한 연구

학위논문 (박사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 환경대학원 협동과정 조경학, 2021. 2. 송영근.베트남은 지난 30년 이상의 혁신을 통해 경제적 및 사회적 측면에서 많은 변화와 성과가 있었다. 그러나 이러한 발전에 따라 급속한 도시화가 나타났으며, 많은 지역에서 계획의 과정과 내용에 있어 큰 혼란을 야기하고 있다. 이와 같은 문제는 도시환경 개선을 위하여 계획하는 거버넌스 및 인프라에 압력을 더하고 있다. 다시 말하면, 도시의 발전은 성장 속도 뿐만 아니라 모든 측면에서의 조화가 요구되며, 도시의 발전은 스마트 솔루션에 의해 이루어져야 한다. 스마트 시티로의 전환은 전세계적인 트렌드일 뿐만 아니라, 베트남의 많은 도시에서도 확산되고 있다. 스마트 시티에 있어 필수적인 논의, 특히 전통적인 도시 관리 정책의 관점에서 스마트 기술에 대한 논의가 많이 있었다. 하지만, 기술 측면에서 초점을 맞춘 개발 방식은 스마트 시티를 둘러싼 다양한 요소의 수준을 고려하지 않았다는 비판을 받았다. 스마트 시티는 기술적인 요소뿐만 아니라 복잡한 주변 환경을 고려하여야하기 때문에, 정부가 스마트 정책을 적용함에 있어 다양한 요소를 고려하지 않으면 시민들에게 양질의 서비스를 효과적으로 제공할 수 없을 것이다. 물리적 시스템과 사람 간 상호 작용을 이끌어내는 공공서비스의 최종사용자로서 이해관계자(Stakeholder) 는 정책결정 과정에 있어 아이디어를 제공하고 성공적인 도시 솔루션을 함께 구축하여야 한다. 스마트 시티 개발 과정에서 이해관계자의 역할 정립은 전세계 모든 도시에서 주요 과제로 확인되었다. 모든 과정에서 이해관계자의 참여는 정책결정자가 효과적인 데이터 수집 및 분석과 스마트 시티 개발 과정에서 올바른 의사 결정을 내리는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 스마트 시티 개발에 있어 과학적 연구로서 이해관계자 접근을 통해 베트남 중소 도시의 스마트 시티 개발 준비에 있어 통합적인 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 논문은 우선 스마트 시티 개발 전략과 관련된 선행 연구에 대한 검토와 요인을 추출하였다. 이 과정에서 AHP분석을 통해 요인의 순위를 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 내부 요인 가운데, 시민참여 (0.4141), 행정 , 인프라 (0.2234) 순으로 나타났으며, 외부 요인으로는 정치적 의지 (0.5093), 이해관계자 (0.3373), 기술의 시대 (0.1535) 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 달랏(Da Lat), 냐짱(Nha Trang)과 박닌(Bac Ninh) 등 베트남 3개의 중소도시에서의 설문조사를 실시하여 선형 구조방정식모형(Structural Equation Modeling)을 통해 스마트 시티 개발 준비에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하였다 (adjusted R2=0.589) . 그 결과, 스마트 시티 개발 준비에 영향을 미치는 3개의 주요 요인으로 기술적, 조직적, 환경적 측면으로 나타났으며, 특히 조직 측면에서의 준비는 스마트 시티 개발 준비에 가장 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다 (β coefficient = 0.415; t-value = 8.960; p = 0.000). 마지막으로 초기 단계부터 성공적인 스마트 시티 개발을 위하여 효과적인 전략 지침과 관리 및 운영 원칙에 대한 프레임워크를 제시하였다.After more than 30 years of renovation in economic and social aspects, Vietnam has brought many outstanding achievements. However, rapid urbanization is the defect of this development, accompanied by burly disturbance in planning that municipalities across the country be facing many problems. All of these challenges have put pressure on governance and infrastructure planning to shift the quality of life in cities. Can notice that urban development not only reflected in the growth rate but also harmony in all aspects, the urban development process accordingly must be handle by smart solutions. Smart city evolution is becoming a trend not only in mega-urban areas but also spread to many medium-sized cities in Vietnam. There is quite a lot of discussion on smart cities at an essential period, in particular, smart technology from the perspective of traditional urban policy. However, the ways of development focused on technology aspects have criticized because of removing different levels of elements surrounding smart cities. When the government does not consider the various factors in the implementation of smart policy, it may not effectively provide quality services to citizens, because smart cities are not only concerned with technical factors, but also the intricate surroundings. As an end-user of public services, carrying out interactions between the physical system and human, stakeholders must also contribute ideas for policy-making processes and co-create successful city solutions. Establishing the role of stakeholders in smart city development journey has identified as the main challenge for all cities around the world. Prompt stakeholder participation in all steps, which can help regulators effectively collect and analyze data thence right decision making in smart city development process. Thus, the purpose of this thesis conducts scientific research on smart city development, providing integrated guidelines about the smart city development readiness for medium-sized cities in Vietnam by the stakeholder approach. The thesis begins with a review of documents related to the strategy for developing smart cities and estimate research factors. In this process, the study examines uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process to conduct ranking of factors. The result shows that a top priority of internal factors is citizen participation (0.4141) then administration (0.3625), infrastructure (0.2234). External factors took the order of political will (0.5093), stakeholders (0.3373), and the technology era (0.1535). The thesis continues to present survey results in three medium-sized cities in Vietnam including Da Lat, Nha Trang, and Bac Ninh. The study based on linear Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) conducted to identify factors that influence smart city development readiness (adjusted R2=0.589) . The result shows that there are three main factors affecting the readiness to develop a smart city including; Technological Readiness, Organizational Readiness, and Environmental Readiness. In particular, Organizational Readiness has the strongest impact on Smart City Development Readiness (β coefficient = 0.415; t-value = 8.960; p = 0.000). Finally, the thesis concludes with comprises the integrated framework of effective strategic guidelines, managerial, and operational principles that characterize successful smart city development from the foundation stage for Vietnam medium-sized cities.Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Overview 1 1.2 Purpose of the Research 6 1.3 Contribution of the Research 7 1.4 Research Outline 8 Chapter 2. Literature Review 11 2.1 Smart City 11 2.1.1 The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Smart City Emergence 11 2.1.2 Smart City Definitions 13 2.1.3 Smart City Paradigms 17 2.2 Vietnam Smart City Development Context 19 2.3 The foundation of smart city development components 21 2.3.1 Internal Factors 21 2.3.1.1 Citizen Participation 21 2.3.1.2 Administration 23 2.3.1.3 Infrastructure 25 2.3.2 External Factors 28 2.3.2.1 Political Will 28 2.3.2.2 Stakeholder 29 2.3.2.3 Technology Era 31 2.4 Stakeholder Approach to Smart City Development 33 2.5 Existing Stakeholder Study and Lesson Learned 35 2.6 Conclusion 39 Chapter 3. Determinant Factors in Smart City Development 41 3.1 Methodology 41 3.1.1 Model approach 41 3.1.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method research 43 3.1.3 Experts Evaluation Synthesis 47 3.1.4 Data Collection 47 3.2 Estimation of Results 50 3.2.1 Synthesis of Priorities 50 3.2.2 The Relative Importance and Priority of Primary Layer 55 3.2.3 The Relative Importance and Priority of Secondary Layer 58 3.3 Conclusion 61 Chapter 4. Study on the Role of Stakeholder Approach for Sustainable Smart City Development 63 4.1 Hypotheses Development 63 4.1.1 Smart City Development Readiness 63 4.1.2 Technological Readiness 64 4.1.3 Organizational Readiness 66 4.1.4 Environmental Readiness 68 4.2 Methodology 71 4.2.1 Model 71 4.2.2 Preliminary Research 73 4.2.3 Primary Research 76 4.2.3.1 Survey Approach 76 4.2.3.2 Survey questionnaire 78 4.2.3.3 Data Collecting 79 4.2.3.4 Distribution of Respondents 80 4.3 Estimation of Results 83 4.3.1 Measurement Model 83 4.3.1.1 Cronbach’s Alpha Test 83 4.3.1.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis 85 4.3.2 Structural Model 89 4.3.2.1 Measurement structural 89 4.3.2.2 Bootstrapping Test 91 4.3.2.3 Hypothesis Testing 93 4.4 Conclusion 97 Chapter 5. Discussion & Conclusion 99 5.1 Discussion and Implication 99 5.1.1 Discussion 99 5.1.2 Implication 108 5.2 Conclusion 120 5.3 Limitation and Future Work 122 References 123 국문 요약 152 Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire for AHP 154 Appendix B: Survey Questionnaire for smart city development readiness: Stakeholder approach 160 Appendix C: Discriminant Validity & Variance inflation factor 163Docto