47,862 research outputs found
Adaptive Process Management in Cyber-Physical Domains
The increasing application of process-oriented approaches in new challenging cyber-physical domains beyond business computing (e.g., personalized healthcare, emergency management, factories of the future, home automation, etc.) has led to reconsider the level of flexibility and support required to manage complex processes in such domains. A cyber-physical domain is characterized by the presence of a cyber-physical system coordinating heterogeneous ICT components (PCs, smartphones, sensors, actuators) and involving real world entities (humans, machines, agents, robots, etc.) that perform complex tasks in the “physical” real world to achieve a common goal. The physical world, however, is not entirely predictable, and processes enacted in cyber-physical domains must be robust to unexpected conditions and adaptable to unanticipated exceptions. This demands a more flexible approach in process design and enactment, recognizing that in real-world environments it is not adequate to assume that all possible recovery activities can be predefined for dealing with the exceptions that can ensue. In this chapter, we tackle the above issue and we propose a general approach, a concrete framework and a process management system implementation, called SmartPM, for automatically adapting processes enacted in cyber-physical domains in case of unanticipated exceptions and exogenous events. The adaptation mechanism provided by SmartPM is based on declarative task specifications, execution monitoring for detecting failures and context changes at run-time, and automated planning techniques to self-repair the running process, without requiring to predefine any specific adaptation policy or exception handler at design-time
Formal Concept Analysis and Resolution in Algebraic Domains
We relate two formerly independent areas: Formal concept analysis and logic
of domains. We will establish a correspondene between contextual attribute
logic on formal contexts resp. concept lattices and a clausal logic on coherent
algebraic cpos. We show how to identify the notion of formal concept in the
domain theoretic setting. In particular, we show that a special instance of the
resolution rule from the domain logic coincides with the concept closure
operator from formal concept analysis. The results shed light on the use of
contexts and domains for knowledge representation and reasoning purposes.Comment: 14 pages. We have rewritten the old version according to the
suggestions of some referees. The results are the same. The presentation is
completely differen
Influence of Context on Decision Making during Requirements Elicitation
Requirements engineers should strive to get a better insight into decision
making processes. During elicitation of requirements, decision making
influences how stakeholders communicate with engineers, thereby affecting the
engineers' understanding of requirements for the future information system.
Empirical studies issued from Artificial Intelligence offer an adequate
groundwork to understand how decision making is influenced by some particular
contextual factors. However, no research has gone into the validation of such
empirical studies in the process of collecting needs of the future system's
users. As an answer, the paper empirically studies factors, initially
identified by AI literature, that influence decision making and communication
during requirements elicitation. We argue that the context's structure of the
decision should be considered as a cornerstone to adequately study how
stakeholders decide to communicate or not a requirement. The paper proposes a
context framework to categorize former factors into specific families, and
support the engineers during the elicitation process.Comment: appears in Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on
Acquisition, Representation and Reasoning with Contextualized Knowledge
(ARCOE), 2012, Montpellier, France, held at the European Conference on
Artificial Intelligence (ECAI-12
Hilbert Space Quantum Mechanics is Contextual (Reply to R. B. Griffiths)
In a recent paper Griffiths [38] has argued, based on the consistent
histories interpretation, that Hilbert space quantum mechanics (QM) is
noncontextual. According to Griffiths the problem of contextuality disappears
if the apparatus is "designed and operated by a competent experimentalist" and
we accept the Single Framework Rule (SFR). We will argue from a
representational realist stance that the conclusion is incorrect due to the
misleading understanding provided by Griffiths to the meaning of quantum
contextuality and its relation to physical reality and measurements. We will
discuss how the quite general incomprehension of contextuality has its origin
in the "objective-subjective omelette" created by Heisenberg and Bohr. We will
argue that in order to unscramble the omelette we need to disentangle, firstly,
representational realism from naive realism, secondly, ontology from
epistemology, and thirdly, the different interpretational problems of QM. In
this respect, we will analyze what should be considered as Meaningful Physical
Statements (MPS) within a theory and will argue that Counterfactual Reasoning
(CR) -considered by Griffiths as "tricky"- must be accepted as a necessary
condition for any representational realist interpretation of QM. Finally we
discuss what should be considered as a problem (and what not) in QM from a
representational realist perspective.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1502.0531
Violation of Bell's inequalities in a quantum realistic framework
We discuss the recently observed "loophole free" violation of Bell's
inequalities in the framework of a physically realist view of quantum
mechanics, which requires that physical properties are attributed jointly to a
system, and to the context in which it is embedded. This approach is clearly
different from classical realism, but it does define a meaningful "quantum
realism" from a general philosophical point of view. Consistently with Bell
test experiments, this quantum realism embeds some form of non-locality, but
does not contain any action at a distance, in agreement with quantum mechanics.Comment: This article is closely related to arxiv:1409.2120, with some parts
condensed and others expanded, in order to spell out how the present approach
explains quantum non-locality. In v2 some clarifications and improvements
following referees remark
A constructive modal semantics for contextual verification
This paper introduces a non-standard semantics for a modal version of constructive KT for contextual (assumptions-based) verification. The modal fragment expresses verifiability under extensions of contexts, enjoying adapted validity and (weak) monotonicity properties depending on satisfaction of the contextual data
Supporting adaptiveness of cyber-physical processes through action-based formalisms
Cyber Physical Processes (CPPs) refer to a new generation of business processes enacted in many application environments (e.g., emergency management, smart manufacturing, etc.), in which the presence of Internet-of-Things devices and embedded ICT systems (e.g., smartphones, sensors, actuators) strongly influences the coordination of the real-world entities (e.g., humans, robots, etc.) inhabitating such environments. A Process Management System (PMS) employed for executing CPPs is required to automatically adapt its running processes to anomalous situations and exogenous events by minimising any human intervention. In this paper, we tackle this issue by introducing an approach and an adaptive Cognitive PMS, called SmartPM, which combines process execution monitoring, unanticipated exception detection and automated resolution strategies leveraging on three well-established action-based formalisms developed for reasoning about actions in Artificial Intelligence (AI), including the situation calculus, IndiGolog and automated planning. Interestingly, the use of SmartPM does not require any expertise of the internal working of the AI tools involved in the system
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