Proof for the Equivalence between Some Best-First Algorithms and Depth-First Algorithms for AND/OR Trees

When we want to know if it is a win or a loss at a given position of a game (e.g. chess endgame), the process to figure out this problem corresponds to searching an AND/OR tree. AND/OR-tree search is a method for getting a proof solution (win) or a disproof solution (loss) for such a problem. AO* is well-known as a representative algorithm for searching a proof solution in an AND/OR tree. AO* uses only the idea of proof number. Besides, Allis developed pn-search which uses the idea of proof number and disproof number. Both of them are best-first algorithms. There was no efficient depth-first algorithm using (dis)proof number, until Seo developed his originative algorithm which uses only proof number. Besides, Nagai recently developed PDS which is a depth-first algorithm using both proof number and disproof number. In this paper, we give a proof for the equivalence between AO* which is a best-first algorithm and Seo\u27s depth-first algorithm in the meaning of expanding a certain kind of node. Furthermore, we give a proof for the equivalence between pn-search which is a best-first algorithm and df-pn which is a depth-first algorithm we propose in this paper.PAPE

Proceedings of the Workshop on Change of Representation and Problem Reformulation

The proceedings of the third Workshop on Change of representation and Problem Reformulation is presented. In contrast to the first two workshops, this workshop was focused on analytic or knowledge-based approaches, as opposed to statistical or empirical approaches called 'constructive induction'. The organizing committee believes that there is a potential for combining analytic and inductive approaches at a future date. However, it became apparent at the previous two workshops that the communities pursuing these different approaches are currently interested in largely non-overlapping issues. The constructive induction community has been holding its own workshops, principally in conjunction with the machine learning conference. While this workshop is more focused on analytic approaches, the organizing committee has made an effort to include more application domains. We have greatly expanded from the origins in the machine learning community. Participants in this workshop come from the full spectrum of AI application domains including planning, qualitative physics, software engineering, knowledge representation, and machine learning

Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020

This open access book provides an overview of the dissertations of the eleven nominees for the Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering in 2020. The prize, kindly sponsored by the Gerlind & Ernst Denert Stiftung, is awarded for excellent work within the discipline of Software Engineering, which includes methods, tools and procedures for better and efficient development of high quality software. An essential requirement for the nominated work is its applicability and usability in industrial practice. The book contains eleven papers that describe the works by Jonathan Brachthäuser (EPFL Lausanne) entitled What You See Is What You Get: Practical Effect Handlers in Capability-Passing Style, Mojdeh Golagha’s (Fortiss, Munich) thesis How to Effectively Reduce Failure Analysis Time?, Nikolay Harutyunyan’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work on Open Source Software Governance, Dominic Henze’s (TU Munich) research about Dynamically Scalable Fog Architectures, Anne Hess’s (Fraunhofer IESE, Kaiserslautern) work on Crossing Disciplinary Borders to Improve Requirements Communication, Istvan Koren’s (RWTH Aachen U) thesis DevOpsUse: A Community-Oriented Methodology for Societal Software Engineering, Yannic Noller’s (NU Singapore) work on Hybrid Differential Software Testing, Dominic Steinhofel’s (TU Darmstadt) thesis entitled Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules, Peter Wägemann’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work Static Worst-Case Analyses and Their Validation Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems, Michael von Wenckstern’s (RWTH Aachen U) research on Improving the Model-Based Systems Engineering Process, and Franz Zieris’s (FU Berlin) thesis on Understanding How Pair Programming Actually Works in Industry: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Dynamics – which actually won the award. The chapters describe key findings of the respective works, show their relevance and applicability to practice and industrial software engineering projects, and provide additional information and findings that have only been discovered afterwards, e.g. when applying the results in industry. This way, the book is not only interesting to other researchers, but also to industrial software professionals who would like to learn about the application of state-of-the-art methods in their daily work

Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020

This open access book provides an overview of the dissertations of the eleven nominees for the Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering in 2020. The prize, kindly sponsored by the Gerlind & Ernst Denert Stiftung, is awarded for excellent work within the discipline of Software Engineering, which includes methods, tools and procedures for better and efficient development of high quality software. An essential requirement for the nominated work is its applicability and usability in industrial practice. The book contains eleven papers that describe the works by Jonathan Brachthäuser (EPFL Lausanne) entitled What You See Is What You Get: Practical Effect Handlers in Capability-Passing Style, Mojdeh Golagha’s (Fortiss, Munich) thesis How to Effectively Reduce Failure Analysis Time?, Nikolay Harutyunyan’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work on Open Source Software Governance, Dominic Henze’s (TU Munich) research about Dynamically Scalable Fog Architectures, Anne Hess’s (Fraunhofer IESE, Kaiserslautern) work on Crossing Disciplinary Borders to Improve Requirements Communication, Istvan Koren’s (RWTH Aachen U) thesis DevOpsUse: A Community-Oriented Methodology for Societal Software Engineering, Yannic Noller’s (NU Singapore) work on Hybrid Differential Software Testing, Dominic Steinhofel’s (TU Darmstadt) thesis entitled Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules, Peter Wägemann’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work Static Worst-Case Analyses and Their Validation Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems, Michael von Wenckstern’s (RWTH Aachen U) research on Improving the Model-Based Systems Engineering Process, and Franz Zieris’s (FU Berlin) thesis on Understanding How Pair Programming Actually Works in Industry: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Dynamics – which actually won the award. The chapters describe key findings of the respective works, show their relevance and applicability to practice and industrial software engineering projects, and provide additional information and findings that have only been discovered afterwards, e.g. when applying the results in industry. This way, the book is not only interesting to other researchers, but also to industrial software professionals who would like to learn about the application of state-of-the-art methods in their daily work

Communications Law and Policy: Cases and Materials (Edition 8.0)

This is the most current edition of this book. Disclaimer: This book is intended to be used for academic and reference purposes only. The publisher and authors are not rendering legal or professional advice and this book is not a substitute for such advice. Any opinions expressed in this book are the authors&rsquo; alone and should not be imputed to their employers or affiliated organizations. This text has gone through eight editions across nearly a quarter century. The first edition appeared in 2001, published by Aspen Law &amp; Business. The next three editions were published by Foundation Press, up to 2012. In 2016, Jerry Kang added Alan Butler as a co-author, and we decided to self-publish the fifth edition. Even back then the costs of legal casebooks had gotten out-of-hand, and legal publishers were doing little more than binding pages into a physical item. So, we decided to cut out the intermediary and provide substantial cost savings for students. In 2023, Blake Reid joined the author team, and we took the further step of releasing edition 7.5 of the book as a free PDF under a Creative Commons license. We&rsquo;ve now reached the substantially revised eighth edition. Throughout all editions, the book has retained one fundamental pedagogical principle: Organize learning first by concepts, then by industry. Our goal has been to prioritize a deeper conceptual understanding over industry-specific details because industries, and the technologies that make them possible, are always in flux. The current list of concepts is: (1) power, (2) entry, (3) pricing, (4) indecent content, (5) access, (6) classification, (7) internet platforms, and (8) privacy. The book devotes a chapter to each concept, with the first four chapters exploring a particular concept across multiple industries ranging from legacy telephony, broadcast, and cable TV to modern day internet. Chapters 5 and 6 jointly tackle the concepts of access and classification, with Chapter 5 focusing particularly on access issues in legacy industries and Chapter 6 examining how the legal classification of internet service providers has shaped access policy in the context of net neutrality. Chapter 7 shifts upward in the internet&rsquo;s layer stack, to explore the responsibility of internet platforms for the content that they host. The final chapter surveys communications privacy topics that are appropriate for both communications law courses and privacy law courses. Although law and technology have evolved over the past quarter century, the book&rsquo;s pedagogical commitments have remained the same, even as we have updated, simplified, and pruned. One word of caution to faculty and students alike: the Supreme Court&rsquo;s titanic decisions in Loper Bright and NetChoice on the last opinion day of the 2023&ndash;2024 term (just weeks before the release of this edition) are likely to have enormous, difficult-to-predict impacts on the future of American communications law. We have done our level best in this edition&rsquo;s updates to set the table for vibrant conversations in your classrooms about the shifting administrative and constitutional law foundations of this field. But caveat emptor: things may evolve significantly and unpredictably over the next year. We encourage an especially high degree of situational awareness.</p

Digital Platform Regulation

This Open Access volume provides an in-depth exploration of global policy and governance issues related to digital platform regulation. With an international ensemble of contributors, the volume has at its heard the question: what would actually be involved in digital platform regulation?’. Once a specialised and niche field within internet and digital media studies, internet governance has in recent years moved to the forefront of policy debate. In the wake of scandals such as Cambridge Analytica and the global ‘techlash’ against digital monopolies, platform studies are undergoing a critical turn, but there is a greater need to connect such analysis to questions of public policy. This volume does just that, through a rich array of chapters concretely exploring the operation and influence of digital platforms and their related policy concerns. A wide variety of digital communication platforms are explored, including social media, content portals, search engines and app stores. An important and timely work, ‘Digital Platform Regulation’ provides valuable insights into new global platform-orientated policy reforms, supplying an important resource to researchers everywhere seeking to engage with policymakers in the debate about the power of digital platforms and how to address it