3,164 research outputs found
Synergizing Roadway Infrastructure Investment with Digital Infrastructure for Infrastructure-Based Connected Vehicle Applications: Review of Current Status and Future Directions
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.The safety, mobility, environmental and economic benefits of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are potentially dramatic. However, realization of these benefits largely hinges on the timely upgrading of the existing transportation system. CAVs must be enabled to send and receive data to and from other vehicles and drivers (V2V communication) and to and from infrastructure (V2I communication). Further, infrastructure and the transportation agencies that manage it must be able to collect, process, distribute and archive these data quickly, reliably, and securely. This paper focuses on current digital roadway infrastructure initiatives and highlights the importance of including digital infrastructure investment alongside more traditional infrastructure investment to keep up with the auto industry's push towards this real time communication and data processing capability. Agencies responsible for transportation infrastructure construction and management must collaborate, establishing national and international platforms to guide the planning, deployment and management of digital infrastructure in their jurisdictions. This will help create standardized interoperable national and international systems so that CAV technology is not deployed in a haphazard and uncoordinated manner
Cellular LTE and Solar Energy Harvesting for Long-Term, Reliable Urban Sensor Networks: Challenges and Opportunities
In a world driven by data, cities are increasingly interested in deploying
networks of smart city devices for urban and environmental monitoring. To be
successful, these networks must be reliable, scalable, real-time, low-cost, and
easy to install and maintain -- criteria that are all significantly affected by
the design choices around connectivity and power. LTE networks and solar energy
can seemingly both satisfy the necessary criteria and are often used in
real-world sensor network deployments. However, there have not been extensive
real-world studies to examine how well such networks perform and the challenges
they encounter in urban settings over long periods. In this work, we analyze
the performance of a stationary 118-node LTE-connected, solar-powered sensor
network over one year in Chicago. Results show the promise of LTE networks and
solar panels for city-wide IoT deployments, but also reveal areas for
improvement. Notably, we find 11 sites with inadequate RSS to support sensing
nodes and over 33,000 hours of data loss due to solar energy availability
issues between October and March. Furthermore, we discover that the
neighborhoods most affected by connectivity and charging issues are
socioeconomically disadvantaged areas with a majority Black and Latine
residents. This work presents observations from a networking and powering
perspective of the urban sensor network to help drive reliable, scalable future
smart city deployments. The work also analyzes the impact of land use, adaptive
energy harvesting management strategies, and shortcomings of open data, to
support the need for increased real-world deployments that ensure the design of
equitable smart city networks
Enabling Micro-level Demand-Side Grid Flexiblity in Resource Constrained Environments
The increased penetration of uncertain and variable renewable energy presents
various resource and operational electric grid challenges. Micro-level
(household and small commercial) demand-side grid flexibility could be a
cost-effective strategy to integrate high penetrations of wind and solar
energy, but literature and field deployments exploring the necessary
information and communication technologies (ICTs) are scant. This paper
presents an exploratory framework for enabling information driven grid
flexibility through the Internet of Things (IoT), and a proof-of-concept
wireless sensor gateway (FlexBox) to collect the necessary parameters for
adequately monitoring and actuating the micro-level demand-side. In the summer
of 2015, thirty sensor gateways were deployed in the city of Managua
(Nicaragua) to develop a baseline for a near future small-scale demand response
pilot implementation. FlexBox field data has begun shedding light on
relationships between ambient temperature and load energy consumption, load and
building envelope energy efficiency challenges, latency communication network
challenges, and opportunities to engage existing demand-side user behavioral
patterns. Information driven grid flexibility strategies present great
opportunity to develop new technologies, system architectures, and
implementation approaches that can easily scale across regions, incomes, and
levels of development
Long-Range Communications in Unlicensed Bands: the Rising Stars in the IoT and Smart City Scenarios
Connectivity is probably the most basic building block of the Internet of
Things (IoT) paradigm. Up to know, the two main approaches to provide data
access to the \emph{things} have been based either on multi-hop mesh networks
using short-range communication technologies in the unlicensed spectrum, or on
long-range, legacy cellular technologies, mainly 2G/GSM, operating in the
corresponding licensed frequency bands. Recently, these reference models have
been challenged by a new type of wireless connectivity, characterized by
low-rate, long-range transmission technologies in the unlicensed sub-GHz
frequency bands, used to realize access networks with star topology which are
referred to a \emph{Low-Power Wide Area Networks} (LPWANs). In this paper, we
introduce this new approach to provide connectivity in the IoT scenario,
discussing its advantages over the established paradigms in terms of
efficiency, effectiveness, and architectural design, in particular for the
typical Smart Cities applications
Advanced IoT Technology and Protocols: Review and Future Perspectives
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a disruptive paradigm, altering how we interact with our surroundings and enabling a plethora of novel applications across multiple sectors. This literature review provides a complete overview of the Internet of Things, including applications, technology, protocols, modeling tools, and future directions. The assessment begins by looking at a wide range of IoT applications, such as smart cities, healthcare, industrial automation, smart homes, and more. It then looks into the underlying technologies that enable IoT deployments, including low-power wireless communication protocols, edge computing, and sensor networks. Protocols and routing methods designed expressly for IoT networks are also described, as well as simulation tools used to simulate and evaluate IoT systems. The discussion focuses on critical insights and consequences for the future of IoT, including challenges and potential in security, interoperability, edge intelligence, and sustainability. By tackling these obstacles and using emerging technologies, IoT can create disruptive change across businesses while also improving quality of life. This review seeks to give scholars, practitioners, and stakeholders a thorough grasp of IoT and its implications for the future
Edge Computing : The Computing Infrastructure for the Smart Megacities of the Future
Future mega-cities are expected to be smart and integrate sensing, wireless communications, and artificial intelligence to offer innovative services to their citizens. This development has the potential to generate massive amounts of data which need to be processed in a cost-effective, scalable, and continuous manner. Fulfilling this requirement requires solutions that can offer the necessary computational infrastructure while meeting the constraints of cities (e.g., budget and energy). This paper contributes a research vision for using edge computing to deliver the computing infrastructure for emerging smart mega-cities. We present use cases, identify key requirements, and reflect on the current state-of-the-art. We also address edge server placements, which is a key challenge for the adoption of edge computing, demonstrating how it is needed to determine a scalable and effective deployment of edge nodes for satisfying the processing needs of smart mega-cities.Peer reviewe
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