When temptation hits you : the influence of weak versus strong food temptations.

In daily life, people are often exposed to food temptations, such as ads for chocolate or friends offering cookies. This article examines how consumers respond to such food temptations. We investigate whether food temptations, differing in strength (weak vs. strong), lead consumers to eat more or rather help them in exerting self-control. The results of three experiments suggest that weak food temptations activate food-related thoughts, and lead to overconsumption. Strong food temptations, on the other hand, inhibit this desire to eat, and help consumers to control their food-intake.Research; Self-control;

Persuading others to avoid persuasion: inoculation theory and resistant health attitudes

Inoculation theory, a theory of conferring resistance to persuasive influence, has established efficacy as a messaging strategy in the health domain. In fact, the earliest research on the theory in the 1960s involved health issues to build empirical support for tenets in the inoculation framework. Over the ensuing decades, scholars have further examined the effectiveness of inoculation-based messages at creating robust positive health attitudes. We overview these efforts, highlight the structure of typical inoculation-based health messages, and describe the similarities and differences between this method of counter-persuasion and other preparatory techniques commonly employed by health researchers and practitioners. Finally, we consider contexts in which inoculation-oriented health messages could be most useful, and describe how the health domain could offer a useful scaffold to study conceptual issues of the theory

Helping Mothers Defend their Decision to Breastfeed

The United States has established breastfeeding as an important health indicator within the Healthy People agenda. Healthy People target goals for breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity remain unmet. The US Surgeon General\u27s Office reports that lack of knowledge and widespread misinformation about breastfeeding are barriers to meeting Healthy People goals. Breastfeeding mothers are vulnerable to messages that cast doubt on their ability to breastfeed. Very little research has examined specific approaches to help people resist negative messages about health beliefs and behaviors. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to test an intervention designed to help mothers defend their breastfeeding decisions and resist influences that attempted to persuade them to give formula to their babies. Women attending prenatal breastfeeding classes were recruited and assigned to comparison and intervention groups. The intervention was a board game based on McGuire\u27s inoculation theory of resistance to influence. Controlling for intention to breastfed, intervention and comparison groups were examined for differences in maternal self-efficacy to resist persuasion to give formula and breastfeeding rates for initiation, duration, and exclusivity. Data analyses consisted of analysis of covariance and logistic regression. There was no significant difference between comparison and intervention groups, both groups had high self-efficacy to resist giving formula to their babies; nor were there significant differences regarding breastfeeding initiation, duration and exclusivity. The lack of significant differences may have been influenced by ceiling effects in all of the breastfeeding variables, possibly due to the high socioeconomic level of the sample. The intervention may have worked better in women who were more prone to dissuasive influence, such as those with lower education

Using Inoculation to Protect Value-in-Diversity Attitudes: An Unsuccessful Test and a Nuanced Antidote

This study tests McGuire’s (1961, 1962, 1964, 1970) inoculation theory as a strategy to protect value-in-diversity attitudes and investigates the impact of inoculation messages on minority and non-minority issue involvement. Results failed to support an overall inoculation effect, but instead indicate a more nuanced path to resistance within the organizational diversity context. Minority members experienced greater susceptibility of their pro-diversity attitudes, and inoculation posed a viable strategy for conferring attitudinal resistance with higher involvement levels

Potential impact of creative infusion on perceptions and behaviors of visitors: theory and evidence from tourism

This study aims to synthesize creative infusion with the theory of inoculation. It is sought to reveal the potential impact of this synthesis’ application on the perceptions and behaviors of visitors. Relationships among variables are assessed using Solomon Four Group and Factorial Modeling based on experimental designs. The data are gathered from tourists (n = 451) at the Seven Churches sites (Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Sardis, Philadelphia, Thyatira and Laodicea) in Turkey. Model results indicate that perceived creative infusion has a significant impact on revisits and recommendations. This is the first study which examines the relationship between perception and behavior by synthesizing creative infusion with inoculation theory in the tourism literature. Furthermore, it is a new contribution to the tourism literature through its revealing that inoculation theory also works in synthesis with creative infusion in the field of destination marketing as previously shown in such fields as behavioral science, communication, marketing and social psychology

An Exploration into the Impact of Social Networking Site (SNS) Use on Body Image and Eating Behavior of Physically Active Men

From SAGE Publishing via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2020-04-02Publication status: PublishedThe rapid proliferation of social networking sites (SNSs) has transformed the way people now socialize and communicate. SNSs have been recognized to contribute to body image (BI) dissatisfaction and disordered eating behavior (EB). Few qualitative studies have explored this issue in men. The aim of the current study was to investigate male SNS use and possible impacts on BI and EB. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight men in the United Kingdom. Interviews aimed to examine men’s views on the potential impact of SNSs on BI and EB. Data were thematically analyzed. Findings suggested that SNSs may be a useful nutrition idea tool and motivational platform for men to improve their diet and exercise uptake. However, results also indicated that SNS use may contribute to BI dissatisfaction and increased risk of disorder. Future research may identify risk factors of SNS use, male BI concerns, and eating pathology across the lifespan

Effects of Image Valence on Audience Visual Attention and Perception Toward Public Service Announcements: The Moderating Role of Issue Involvement

The present study is designed to understand the circumstances under which a public service announcement would be most effective for high or low involved viewers. The research goal is to be able to examine which type of image (positive or negative) regarding global warming public service announcements (PSAs) captures and maintains audience attention. Information found in this study explored the aspects of visual attention, issue involvement, message credibility and overall attitude toward a message. The results found that message credibility had a positive effect on overall attitude toward the message. This study's findings can also add to the Dual-Process Models by providing unique insights for the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Heuristic-Systematic Model research. Moreover, the research collected in this study contribute to established literature while also questioning novel aspects of visual attention in relation to message credibility and attitude that have yet to be answered.Mass Communication

A Beacon of Hope: Inoculating Against Relapse

Inoculation is a robust theory applied to a variety of health behaviors. Social marketing is designed to change behavior by applying marketing tactics in the context of social change. This study combines inoculation theory with social marketing in the context of substance abuse disorders to promote long-term recovery. This is a pilot project that specifically focuses on the Beacon House, a residential recovery treatment center in Louisville, Kentucky. With the growing drug problem in America, it is necessary to implement effective recovery strategies in treatment programs. The social marketing plan focuses on the target audience to outline potential barriers, motivators, and competition to remaining in long-term recovery. Three intervention strategies were developed as part of the project: a core inoculation message, booster messages, and refusal skills training. These strategies utilize inoculation messages in various ways to address the complexity of long-term recovery. While this study focuses on the Beacon House treatment facility, the concepts can be applied to similar treatment centers

COMBATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE BY ADDRESSING HEALTH-NUTRITION RELATED COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING CLAIMS: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF REGULATORY FIT ON THE INOCULATION PROCESS

Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases are a primary threat to human health and development. International and domestic health organizations have called attention to this emerging health care crisis within the United States. This research suggests a systemic, message-based inoculation strategy presents empirically demonstrable techniques useful in stemming the rising rates of NCDs in the U.S. population, by helping to confer a more healthy resistance to puffed up health and nutrition related (HNR) advertising content claims. This research advances inoculation theory by bolstering the force of refutational preemption through good regulatory fit (Higgins, 1997; 1998)