Разграничение компетенций эксперта-лингвиста и эксперта-автороведа при исследовании объектов авторского права и объектов смежных прав

A controversial issue of the demarcation between a linguistic expert’s and an authorship investigator’s competencies when conducting forensic examinations in cases related to copyright and related rights violations is considered. In this category of cases there is mainly a need to deal with the task of ascertaining particularities of texts related to the fact of plagiarism that is the comparison of texts to reveal matching fragments, presence of borrowing, its direction which is the task of a linguistic expertise. Tasks which fall under the authorship investigator’s purview are associated with the examination of written language skill and aim to determine the authorship and text drafting conditions. Formerly researchers did not separate the tasks of linguistic and authorship investigations indicating the lack of methodological development of the issue. The article suggests some methodological approaches to solving the main tasks of linguistic expertise on cases involving copyright and related rights violations developed as a result of an overview of the practice of conducting such examinations in the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice.Рассмотрен дискуссионный вопрос о разграничении компетенций экспертов лингвиста и автороведа при производстве судебных экспертиз и экспертных исследований по делам, связанным с нарушением авторских и смежных прав. По данной категории дел в основном возникает необходимость решения задач, направленных на установление особенностей текстов, соотносимых с фактом плагиата,– это сравнение текстов на предмет выявления в них совпадающих фрагментов, наличия заимствования, его направления, что является задачей лингвистической экспертизы. Задачи, входящие в компетенцию эксперта-автороведа, связаны с исследованием письменно-речевого навыка и направлены на установление авторства текста и условий составления текста. Ранее исследователи не разделяли задачи лингвистической и автороведческой экспертизы, что свидетельствует о методической неразработанности проблемы. В статье предложены методические подходы к решению основных задач лингвистической экспертизы по делам, связанным с нарушением авторских и смежных прав, разработанные в результате обобщения экспертной практики производства такого рода экспертиз и экспертных исследований в ФБУ РФЦСЭ при Минюсте России

Problem space of modern society: philosophical-communicative and pedagogical interpretations. Part I

This collective monograph offers the description of philosophical bases of definition of communicative competence and pedagogical conditions for the formation of communication skills. The authors of individual chapters have chosen such point of view for the topic which they considered as the most important and specific for their field of study using the methods of logical and semantic analysis of concepts, the method of reflection, textual reconstruction and comparative analysis. The theoretical and applied problems of modern society are investigated in the context of philosophical, communicative and pedagogical interpretations

Text Complexity Levels and Second Language Reading Performance in Indonesia

This study examined the effect of text complexity on L2 reading performance of Indonesian students with different language proficiency levels. Four passages consisting of two low complexities and two high complexities were given to participants. Text complexity levels were analysed using Flesch’s reading ease index or grade level formula (Flesch, 1948, 1951, 1979),Text-Evaluator designed by Education Testing Service (2013), and Coh-Metrix version 3.0 indexes (McNamara, Louwerse, Cai & Graesser, 2013). Additionally, Pearson’s correlation, regression and one-way ANOVA were employed. There were 1054 university EFL students participating in this study. The findings revealed that text complexity had a moderate correlation and significantly contributed to L2 reading. Keywords: text complexity, reading comprehension, readabilit

EFL Teachers’ Reconciliation with Moral Forces Brought into Curriculum

This paper presents EFL teachers’ strategies when reconciling with moral forces underpinning Indonesian curricula: School-based curriculum and character education policy. While School-based curriculum allows teachers to develop more flexible EFL classes, the character education policy promotes such controlled EFL classes that the teachers are required to focus on students’ moral behaviour. The moral forces of the school-based curriculum resonate with communicative language teaching regarding the teachers’ opportunity for developing teaching materials to meet learners’ needs. This paper suggests that the EFL teachers have particular dilemmas as they attempt to embrace the moral forces of two curricula. Keywords: EFL teachers, character education, curriculum reform, moral forces, pedagogic practic

Twentieth century Russian literature in the language classroom

textThis dissertation examines the methodology behind using literature to teach Russian as a foreign language to intermediate level students. Due to the unpredictable trends in Russian student enrollment throughout the twentieth century, the development of a method to match student needs and encourage retention will benefit the field of Russian studies. To this end, this dissertation explores some of the past research regarding the role of the reading skill in foreign language classes. In addition, an examination of previous use of literature as a teaching tool in foreign language classrooms prompted development of possible materials for the Russian language. Based on the investigation of this research, current Russian language textbooks were analyzed in light of their inclusion of literary texts and overall methodological tenor. Following the textbook evaluations, a suggested methodology is elaborated for a textbook that integrates literary texts from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries with exercises for Russian language development. Samples of proposed teaching materials and a proposed table of contents for a textbook of applied literature are presented. The proposed materials focus on twelve literary texts of five hundred words or less, chosen from among twentieth and twenty-first century works of Russian prose. The twelve texts span the length of the twentieth century with one text representing each decade and two for the first decade of the twenty-first century. Different Russian authors, some of whom intermediate students may recognize but most of whom will be unfamiliar, represent each decade. Several sample materials were then tested for their feasibility in a second-year, second-semester Russian language course. Student volunteers were solicited to comment on and work with the test materials, determining a baseline for the practicality and necessity of the materials. Suggestions for future research recognize the importance of expanding the study beyond a limited scope. Finally, the place of applied literature is examined in light of current global tendencies and academic developments.Slavic and Eurasian Studie

The Politics of Racial Translation : Negotiating Foreignness and Authenticity in Russophone Intersectional Feminism and Timati's Hip-hop (2012-2018)

Hva skjer med rase-, kjønns- og seksualitetspolitikk i interseksjonell feminisme og hiphop når de forflytter seg østover til postsovjetiske, russiskspråklige kontekster? Denne avhandlingen utforsker oversettelsens betydning i sirkulasjonen av det amerikanske, engelskspråklige idiomet ‘rase som motstand’ i russiskspråklige tilpasninger av hiphop og interseksjonalitet i perioden 2012-2018. Ved hjelp av digital etnografi, diskursanalyse og nærlesing av et utvalg musikkvideoer, analyseres to oversettelsesprosjekter empirisk: en russiskspråklig grasrotside for interseksjonell feminisme, FIO (Feminist Intersectionality Against Oppression), og den – i Russland kontroversielle – tatarisk-jødiske hiphop-entreprenøren Timati. Denne avhandlingen, som befinner seg i skjæringspunktet mellom kjønns- og seksualitetsstudier, rase- og etnisitetsforskning og postsovjetiske kulturstudier, framhever oversettelse både i sitt teoretiske rammeverk og i metodologisk forskningsdesign. Teoretisk er avhandlingens tilnærming til oversettelse inspirert av feministisk teori, feministisk antropologi og oversettelsesstudier, samt av transnasjonale perspektiver på rasialisering og den voksende forskningen på rase i Russland. Metodologisk trekker avhandlingen på verktøy fra oversettelsesstudier og sosiolingvistikk. Ved å begrepsligjøre oversettelse som en forutsetning for geografisk forflytning av ideer, som et sted for forhandling der ting produseres som ‘fremmede’, og som en generativ snarere enn imiterende prosess, spør den hva raseoversettelse frambringer og hvorfor noen oversettelsesprosjekter framstilles som mer fremmede enn andre. Metoden er å spore hvordan fremmedhet tilskrives ulike objekter, samt å undersøke de oversettelsesstrategiene som brukes i de to nevnte empiriske tilfellene når de gjengir engelskspråklige rasekategorier som ‘white’, ‘black’, ‘people of color’ og ‘women of color’. I tillegg til å undersøke hvilke generative effekter oversettelsene har, bruker studien en multimodal tilnærming som overskrider de semantiske grensene til etnorasekategorier og muliggjør utforsking av rasemessig oversettelse på tvers av flere semiotiske moduser. Avhandlingen begrepsligjør rasemessig oversettelse som gjennomsyret av kjønns- og seksualitetsdynamikk, innebygd i geopolitiske konfrontasjoner og informert av russisk imperial arv, og argumenterer for at rasemessig oversettelse er generativ på flere sentrale måter. Den rasemessige oversettelsen skaper nye og moderne formspråk (russofon interseksjonell feminisme og russisk kommersiell hiphop), kronotopisk plasserte former for personlighet knyttet til bestemte oversettelsesstrategier eller motstand mot dem, samt affektive responser og bestridelser av oversettelsesvalg og oversettelsesprosjekter som stigmatiseres eller verdsettes som ‘fremmede’. De som oversetter, tilnærmer seg det engelskspråklige formspråket ‘rase som motstand’ som ‘fremmed og moderne’, og indekserer en avansert tid og et avansert sted, USA, for å styrke, reparere og modernisere russiskspråklig feminisme og russiske musikkscener. Begge oversettelsesprosjektene posisjonerer fremmedgjøring som en kilde til modernisering, noe som forklarer predisposisjonen for fremmedgjørende oversettelsesstrategier. Fremmedgjørende oversettelsesstrategier og motviljen mot bokstavtrohet i postsovjetiske, russiskspråklige kontekster, kan imidlertid gjøre oversetterne selv fremmede, noe som fremmer jakten på originalitet, forsøk på å forhandle oversettelsens stigma og å reparere kronisk inautentisitet. På nettsidene til det russiskspråklige, interseksjonelle feministiske digitale fellesskapet, skaper moderatorenes tilbøyelighet til translitterasjoner en form for uro, beskyldninger om uforståelighet og en slags motvilje for språkblanding. Moderatorenes rolle som en kosmopolitisk, tospråklig, feministisk elite skiller seg fra vanlige russiskspråklige lesere. Interseksjonalitet sirkulerer som en feministisk kronotop, som FIO ser for seg som en feministisk fremtid, et botemiddel mot den russiskspråklige feminismens rasisme, homofobi og transfobi. Feministiske kronotoper blir brukt i diskusjoner rundt oversettelse og blant annet utnyttet i lokale kronotopiske forestillinger om russisk bakstreverskhet og slavofil trangsynthet. Den bokstavelige oversettelsen av kategorien ‘hvit’ genererer figurer som ‘hvit mann’ og ‘hvite kvinner’ og inngår i det russiskspråklige interseksjonelle feministiske formspråket. Produksjonen av modererende antirasistisk hvithet-i-oversettelse mobiliserer kronotopiske figurer av tilbakestående rasistiske andre som komparativ kontrast til mer moderne kunnskap. Den driver også frem spørsmål om grensene for oversettbarheten til kategorien ‘hvit’ for den situerte antirasistiske post-sovjetiske praksisen i kommentartrådene, inkludert den skiftende kategorien Кавказцы/Kaukasiere. Manglende oversettelse av kategoriene ‘people of color’ og ‘women of color’ genererer blant annet søken etter en postsovjetisk ‘woman of color’ som et russiskspråklig interseksjonelt feministisk subjekt. Slik kanoniseres “rå” oversettelse, den transspråklige spredningen av etno-rasistiske kategorier og instrumentaliseringen av figuren ‘trans woman of color’ av russiskspråklige radfem som et tegn på den russiskspråklige interseksjonalitetens totale fremmedhet. Begrepet realia brukes i materialet som en søken etter å lokalisere det amerikanske raseidiomet og for å belyse særtrekkene ved den post-sovjetiske etnorasiske maktdynamikken. I undersøkelsen av raseoversettelse i Timatis hiphop, vises det hvordan Timati, ved å kombinere amerikansk svart hiphop-estetikk med russisk glamour på 2000-tallet, brukte uoversatt amerikansk svarthet som en kosmopolitisk kulturell kapital for å motvirke volden i den post-sovjetiske rasialiseringen. Ved å nærme seg amerikansk svart estetikk gjennom direkte erfaring med ‘kilden’, fikk Timati transnasjonal suksess med sin etnorasiale formbarhet og evne til å formidle mellom postsovjetiske markeder, lokale økonomiske eliter, amerikansk raseautentisitet og amerikanske hiphop-kjendiser. Han bidro derimot neppe til å avhjelpe hiphopens kroniske inautentisitet i Russland. Forsøk på å håndtere stigmaet fremmedhet og imitasjon, og å oppnå sterkere hiphop-autentisitet på hjemmebane, markerte en reorientering av Timatis prosjekt for rasemessig oversettelse. Fra 2012-2013 figurerer Kaukasus og kaukasiske maskuliniteter som ‘regionale originaler’, noe som gjør det mulig for Timati å oversette den amerikanske svarte maskuliniteten som ligger til grunn for amerikansk hiphop-autentisitet. Han tar i bruk ulike strategier, som ‘vikarierende autentisitet’, memetikk og hiphop-homofobi, og skaper en homofobisk hiphop-meykhana-cipher og visuelle, imperiale troper av et kaukasisk sublim. Skjegget som rasemessig/seksuell metonymi er sentralt for å forstå Timatis prosjekt for rasemessig oversettelse i 2014-2015, som er involvert i seksuell geopolitikk mellom øst og vest. Gjennom hiphop-modernitet og tvillingfantasien om etnisk raseblanding og sentralasiatiske migranters økonomiske oppsving i Russland, oppvurderes den etniske andre fra å være symbol på en sikkerhetstrussel (skjeggete terrorister) til å bli moderne, homofob og kul – og slik i stand til å sikre Russlands organiske og multinasjonale fremtid mot et angivelig korrupt og seksuelt perverst Europa. Høydepunktet i Timatis prosjekt for rasemessig oversettelse i 2014-2016 resulterte i oppfinnelsen av en bevisst memetisk karakter, Teymuraz, som iscenesetter rasistiske klisjeer av kaukasiske og sentralasiatiske menn. Teymuraz, som en del av Russlands hybridkulturelle trend med estetisk populisme, resirkulerer elementer fra New East gopnik-stil, sovjetiske og postsovjetiske komedier om menn fra Kaukasus og Sentral-Asia, blander elementer av samfunnskritikk og tilegner seg de subalternes stemmer. Han utgjør med dette et særegent patriotisk, antirasistisk prosjekt med motstridende implikasjoner. Timatis lekne fremføringer av patriotisme og performativ disidentifikasjon fra USA som kilde til hiphop i 2015 forstår hiphop-patriotisme som en strategi for å lokalisere hiphop i den skiftende geopolitiske konteksten av Russlands vending bort fra Vesten. Russiske diskurser om hiphop-autentisitet, som er opptatt av å oppdage og avsløre plagiat i Timatis arbeid, gir stemme til et særegent arbeid med å skille ‘ekte’ hiphop fra ‘falsk’ hiphop. Dette arbeidet bygger på rasistiske diskurser om handel og umoral, og markerer Timati som ‘fremmed’ - både utenfor sjangerens og den russiske nasjonens grenser – og avslører en russisk etnonasjonal skjevhet som ligger til grunn for russiske diskurser om hiphop-autentisitet. Nøkkelord: oversettelse, interseksjonalitet, rase, etnorasisk, postsovjetisk, russisk hiphop, rap, russisk rap, grasrotfeminisme, digital feminisme, feministiske kronotoper, feministisk oversettelse, feministisk aktivisme, populærmusikk, Russland, russofon, oversettelsesstrategier, litteralisme, translitterasjon, homofobi, transfobi, vikarierende autentisitet, memetikk, realia, rasemessig/seksuell metonymi, indeksikalitet, multimodalitet, den kalde krigen, russisk populærkultur, digital aktivisme, autentisitet, hiphop-maskuliniteter, rasialisering, Kaukasus, Sentral-Asia.What happens to race, gender, and sexuality politics of intersectional feminism and hip-hop when they travel eastwards into post-Soviet Russophone contexts? This thesis explores the role of translation in the circulations of the US Anglophone idiom ‘race as resistance’ in 2012-2018 Russophone adaptations of hip-hop and intersectionality. Drawing on the digital ethnography, discourse analysis, and close reading of a selection of music videos, it empirically analyzes two translation projects: a grassroots Russophone translation-based intersectional feminist page, FIO (Feminist Intersectionality Against Oppression) and – a controversial in Russia – Tatar-Jewish hip-hop entrepreneur, Timati. This thesis, situated at the intersection of gender and sexuality studies, race and ethnicity research, and post-Soviet cultural studies, foregrounds translation in its theoretical framework and methodological research design. Theoretically, the dissertation’s approach to translation is inspired by feminist theory, feminist anthropology, and translation studies, as well as by transnational perspectives on racialization and the growing scholarship on race in Russia. Methodologically it draws on the tools from translation studies and sociolinguistics. Conceptualizing translation as a precondition for travel, as a site of negotiation where things are produced as ‘foreign’ and as a generative rather than imitative process, this thesis asks what racial translation generates and why some translation projects are rendered as more foreign than others. The method is to track the attributions of foreignness and examine the translation strategies used by the two projects mentioned above when rendering English-language racial categories such as ‘white,’ ‘black,’ ‘people of color,’ and ‘women of color.’ The study also uses the multimodal approach that goes beyond the limits of the semantics of ethnoracial categories, allowing for the exploration of racial translation across multiple semiotic modes. Conceptualizing racial translation as saturated in gender and sexuality dynamics, embedded in geopolitical confrontations, and informed by Russian imperial legacies, the thesis argues that racial translation is generative in several central ways. It creates novel and modern idioms (Russophone intersectional feminism and Russian commercial hip-hop), chronotopically positioned types of personhood associated with particular translation strategies or resistance to them, as well as affective responses and contestations of translation choices and translation projects stigmatized or valorized as ‘foreign.’ The translators approach the Anglophone idiom of ‘race as resistance’ as ‘foreign and modern,’ indexing advanced time and place, the USA, brought up to invigorate, repair, and modernize Russophone feminisms and Russian music scenes. Both translation projects position foreignization as a source of modernization, explaining the predisposition for foreignizing translation strategies. However, foreignizing translation strategies and the aversion to literalism within post-Soviet Russophone contexts may render translators themselves foreign, propelling the search for originality, the attempts to negotiate the stigma of translation, and to repair chronic inauthenticity. On the pages of the Russophone intersectional feminist community, the moderators’ predisposition to transliterations generates visceral unease, accusations of unintelligibility, anxieties about the language mixing, and the roles of moderators as cosmopolitan bilingual feminist elites different from ordinary Russophone readers. Intersectionality circulates as a feminist chronotope, envisioned by FIO as a feminist future, a remedy against exclusions within Russophone feminisms such as racism, homophobia, and transphobia. Circulating feminist chronotopes are used in contestations around translation, harnessed on local chronotopic imaginaries such as Russian peasant backwardness and Slavophile parochialism. The literal translation of the category ‘white’ generates figures such as ‘white man’ and ‘white women,’ which enter the Russophone intersectional feminist idiom. The production of anti-racist whiteness-in-translation mobilizes chronotopic figures of backward racist others in comparative contrast with more modern bodies of knowledge and types of personhood. It also propels the questioning of the limits of the translatability of the category ‘white’ for the situated anti-racist post-Soviet praxis in the comment threads, including the shifting category Кавказцы/Caucasians. Non-translation of the categories ‘people of color’ and ‘women of color’ generates, amongst other things, the search for a post-Soviet ‘woman of color’ as a Russophone intersectional feminist subject, the canonization of raw translation, the translingual proliferation of ethnoracial categories and the instrumentalization of the figure of ‘trans woman of color’ by Russophone radfem as a mark of Russophone intersectionality’s total foreignness. Finally, the term realia emerged in the empirical materials as the quest for localizing the US idiom of race, adjusting intersectionality to the specificities of post-Soviet ethnoracial power dynamics. Within the project of racial translation in Timati’s hip-hop, I show how Timati marrying of US black hip-hop aesthetics and Russian glamour in the 2000s deployed untranslated foreign US blackness as a cosmopolitan cultural capital to alleviate the violence of post-Soviet racialization. Approximating US black aesthetics through the direct experience of ‘the source,’ Timati’s ethnoracial malleability and capacity to mediate between post-Soviet markets, local economic elites, US racial authenticity, and US hip-hop celebrities brought him international success, yet hardly helped alleviate chronic hip-hop inauthenticity in Russia. Attempts to manage the stigma of foreignness and imitation and hence achieve a stronger hip-hop authenticity domestically marked a reorientation of Timati’s project of racial translation. From 2012-2013, the Caucasus and Caucasian masculinities figure as ‘regional originals,’ allowing Timati to translate the US black masculinity underpinning US hip-hop authenticity through the strategies of vicarious realness, memetics, and hip-hop homophobia in a gay bashing hip-hop meykhana cipher and visual Imperial tropes of the Caucasian sublime. The beard as racial/sexual metonymy is central for understanding Timati’s project of racial translation involved in East-West sexual geopolitics in the period of 2014-2015: through hip-hop modernity and the twin fantasy of ethnoracial mixing and Central Asian migrant economic uplift in Russia, the ethnoracial other is revalorized away from the image of the security threat (bearded terrorist) as modern, homophobic and cool, able to secure Russia’s organic and multinational future against corrupt and sexually perverse Europe. The pinnacle of Timati’s project of racial translation in 2014-2016 resulted in the invention of a deliberately memetic character, Teymuraz, enacting racialized cliches of Caucasian and Central Asian men. Teymuraz, as part of Russia’s hybrid cultural trend of aesthetic populism, recycles the elements of New East gopnik style, Soviet and post-Soviet comedies about men from the Caucasus and Central Asia, mixes elements of social critique, and appropriates the voices of the subaltern, performing a peculiar patriotic anti-racist project with contradictory implications. Timati’s 2015 ludic performances of hip-hop patriotism, coupled with performative disidentifications from the USA as a source of hip-hop, are read as a strategy of hip-hop localization in the changing geopolitical context of Russia’s turn away from the West. Russian discourses of hip-hop authenticity, preoccupied with detecting and exposing plagiarism in Timati’s work, serve to discern ‘real’ hip-hop from ‘fake’ hip-hop. These acts of discernment draw on the racialized discourses of commerce and immorality, marking Timati as ‘foreign’ - both outside the borders of the genre and the Russian nation – thus exposing the Russian ethnonational bias underpinning Russian discourses of hip-hop authenticity. Keywords: translation, intersectionality, race, ethnoracial, post-Soviet, Russian hip-hop, hip-hop, rap, Russian rap, grassroots feminism, digital feminism, feminist chronotopes, feminist translation, feminist activism, popular music, Russia, Russophone, translation strategies, literalism, transliteration, homophobia, transphobia, vicarious realness, memetics, realia, racial/sexual metonymy, indexicality, multimodality, Cold War, Russian popular culture, digital activism, authenticity, hip-hop masculinities, racialization, Caucasus, Central Asia.Doktorgradsavhandlin

Academic integrity : a call to research and action

Originally published in French:L'urgence de l'intégrité académique, Éditions EMS, Management & société, Caen, 2021 (ISBN 978-2-37687-472-0).The urgency of doing complements the urgency of knowing. Urgency here is not the inconsequential injunction of irrational immediacy. It arises in various contexts for good reasons, when there is a threat to the human existence and harms to others. Today, our knowledge based civilization is at risk both by new production models of knowledge and by the shamelessness of knowledge delinquents, exposing the greatest number to important risks. Swiftly, the editors respond to the diagnostic by setting up a reference tool for academic integrity. Across multiple dialogues between the twenty-five chapters and five major themes, the ethical response shapes pragmatic horizons for action, on a range of disciplinary competencies: from science to international diplomacy. An interdisciplinary work indispensable for teachers, students and university researchers and administrators

Of Word and Stone: The History of Medieval Spain through the Lens of Architecture and Language

Medieval Spain is a unique summation of religious and cultural communities. Through the built forms of Al-Andalus, there is unique preservation of societal imprints that parallel the formation of the Castilian language. These two mediums—architecture and language—are a telling of the culture and history of the region. By first observing the historical formation of Spanish, and in turn the various communities which inhabited the Iberian Peninsula, one may find many correlations with architecture created at the same time. After understanding the historical making of the Spanish language, it is important to analyze the language itself and how it differs from English, as a point of reference. Drawing out these theories entails conjecturing over their origin stories, structural similarities, and finally by comparing various equivalencies between the two forms. The landscape of central to southern Spain is a unique area which contains an overlaying of societies and religious groups which used similar styles in their architecture. Through the study of the Jewish, Muslim, and Christian social and political groups, architecture and language can be theorized as more the same than not. The cities of Toledo, Córdoba, and Granada have prominent works which showcase these attributes during the Middle Ages. By studying the culture of Al-Andalus through the forms of architecture and language, one can also see the reflection of language within architecture

Specialised Languages and Multimedia. Linguistic and Cross-cultural Issues

none2noThis book collects academic works focusing on scientific and technical discourse and on the ways in which this type of discourse appears in or is shaped by multimedia products. The originality of this book is to be seen in the variety of approaches used and of the specialised languages investigated in relation to multimodal and multimedia genres. Contributions will particularly focus on new multimodal or multimedia forms of specialised discourse (in institutional, academic, technical, scientific, social or popular settings), linguistic features of specialised discourse in multimodal or multimedia genres, the popularisation of specialised knowledge in multimodal or multimedia genres, the impact of multimodality and multimediality on the construction of scientific and technical discourse, the impact of multimodality/multimediality in the practice and teaching of language, the impact of multimodality/multimediality in the practice and teaching of translation, new multimedia modes of knowledge dissemination, the translation/adaptation of scientific discourse in multimedia products. This volume contributes to the theory and practice of multimodal studies and translation, with a specific focus on specialized discourse.Rivista di Classe A - Volume specialeopenManca E., Bianchi F.Manca, E.; Bianchi, F

Management for Bachelors

The textbook contains educational module, which embraces the content of main regulatory disciplines on specialists training by the direction 6.030601 “Management” in the knowledge branch 03.06 “Management and administration” of the educational and qualification level “Bachelor”. According to the content the disciplines completely conform to curricula approved by scientific and methodological commission on management and agreed with logical and structural scheme of educational process. The textbook embraces almost all aspects of bachelor training. The chapters contain questions for self-control and list of recommended literature. While creating the chapters the results of fundamental and applied scientific researches of the evaluation branch, the forecasting and management of economic potential of complicated industrial system were used