13,410 research outputs found
Optimization of inhomogeneous electron correlation factors in periodic solids
A method is presented for the optimization of one-body and inhomogeneous
two-body terms in correlated electronic wave functions of Jastrow-Slater type.
The most general form of inhomogeneous correlation term which is compatible
with crystal symmetry is used and the energy is minimized with respect to all
parameters using a rapidly convergent iterative approach, based on Monte Carlo
sampling of the energy and fitting energy fluctuations. The energy minimization
is performed exactly within statistical sampling error for the energy
derivatives and the resulting one- and two-body terms of the wave function are
found to be well-determined. The largest calculations performed require the
optimization of over 3000 parameters. The inhomogeneous two-electron
correlation terms are calculated for diamond and rhombohedral graphite. The
optimal terms in diamond are found to be approximately homogeneous and
isotropic over all ranges of electron separation, but exhibit some
inhomogeneity at short- and intermediate-range, whereas those in graphite are
found to be homogeneous at short-range, but inhomogeneous and anisotropic at
intermediate- and long-range electron separation.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, REVTeX4, submitted to PR
Dynamical modeling of collective behavior from pigeon flight data: flock cohesion and dispersion
Several models of flocking have been promoted based on simulations with
qualitatively naturalistic behavior. In this paper we provide the first direct
application of computational modeling methods to infer flocking behavior from
experimental field data. We show that this approach is able to infer general
rules for interaction, or lack of interaction, among members of a flock or,
more generally, any community. Using experimental field measurements of homing
pigeons in flight we demonstrate the existence of a basic distance dependent
attraction/repulsion relationship and show that this rule is sufficient to
explain collective behavior observed in nature. Positional data of individuals
over time are used as input data to a computational algorithm capable of
building complex nonlinear functions that can represent the system behavior.
Topological nearest neighbor interactions are considered to characterize the
components within this model. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated with
simulated noisy data generated from the classical (two dimensional) Vicsek
model. When applied to experimental data from homing pigeon flights we show
that the more complex three dimensional models are capable of predicting and
simulating trajectories, as well as exhibiting realistic collective dynamics.
The simulations of the reconstructed models are used to extract properties of
the collective behavior in pigeons, and how it is affected by changing the
initial conditions of the system. Our results demonstrate that this approach
may be applied to construct models capable of simulating trajectories and
collective dynamics using experimental field measurements of herd movement.
From these models, the behavior of the individual agents (animals) may be
inferred
On Sampling from the Gibbs Distribution with Random Maximum A-Posteriori Perturbations
In this paper we describe how MAP inference can be used to sample efficiently
from Gibbs distributions. Specifically, we provide means for drawing either
approximate or unbiased samples from Gibbs' distributions by introducing low
dimensional perturbations and solving the corresponding MAP assignments. Our
approach also leads to new ways to derive lower bounds on partition functions.
We demonstrate empirically that our method excels in the typical "high signal -
high coupling" regime. The setting results in ragged energy landscapes that are
challenging for alternative approaches to sampling and/or lower bounds
A Bayesian approach to the modelling of alpha Cen A
Determining the physical characteristics of a star is an inverse problem
consisting in estimating the parameters of models for the stellar structure and
evolution, knowing certain observable quantities. We use a Bayesian approach to
solve this problem for alpha Cen A, which allows us to incorporate prior
information on the parameters to be estimated, in order to better constrain the
problem. Our strategy is based on the use of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
algorithm to estimate the posterior probability densities of the stellar
parameters: mass, age, initial chemical composition,... We use the stellar
evolutionary code ASTEC to model the star. To constrain this model both seismic
and non-seismic observations were considered. Several different strategies were
tested to fit these values, either using two or five free parameters in ASTEC.
We are thus able to show evidence that MCMC methods become efficient with
respect to more classical grid-based strategies when the number of parameters
increases. The results of our MCMC algorithm allow us to derive estimates for
the stellar parameters and robust uncertainties thanks to the statistical
analysis of the posterior probability densities. We are also able to compute
odds for the presence of a convective core in alpha Cen A. When using
core-sensitive seismic observational constraints, these can raise above ~40%.
The comparison of results to previous studies also indicates that these seismic
constraints are of critical importance for our knowledge of the structure of
this star.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, to be published in MNRA
Quantum states cannot be transmitted efficiently classically
We show that any classical two-way communication protocol with shared
randomness that can approximately simulate the result of applying an arbitrary
measurement (held by one party) to a quantum state of qubits (held by
another), up to constant accuracy, must transmit at least bits.
This lower bound is optimal and matches the complexity of a simple protocol
based on discretisation using an -net. The proof is based on a lower
bound on the classical communication complexity of a distributed variant of the
Fourier sampling problem. We obtain two optimal quantum-classical separations
as easy corollaries. First, a sampling problem which can be solved with one
quantum query to the input, but which requires classical queries
for an input of size . Second, a nonlocal task which can be solved using
Bell pairs, but for which any approximate classical solution must communicate
bits.Comment: 24 pages; v3: accepted version incorporating many minor corrections
and clarification
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