Computation of Discrete Logarithms in GF(2^607)

International audienceWe describe in this article how we have been able to extend the record for computations of discrete logarithms in characteristic 2 from the previous record over GF(2^503) to a newer mark of GF(2^607), using Coppersmith's algorithm. This has been made possible by several practical improvements to the algorithm. Although the computations have been carried out on fairly standard hardware, our opinion is that we are nearing the current limits of the manageable sizes for this algorithm, and that going substantially further will require deeper improvements to the method

Subquadratic computation of vector generating polynomials and improvement of the block Wiedemann algorithm

This paper describes a new algorithm for computing linear generators (vector generating polynomials) for matrix sequences, running in sub-quadratic time. This algorithm applies in particular to the sequential stage of Coppersmith's block Wiedemann algorithm. Experiments showed that our method can be substituted in place of the quadratic one proposed by Coppersmith, yielding important speedups even for realistic matrix sizes. The base fields we were interested in were finite fields of large characteristic. As an example, we have been able to compute a linear generator for a sequence of 4*4 matrices of length 242 304 defined over GF(2^607) in less than two days on one 667MHz alpha ev67 cpu

Algorithmes de calcul de logarithmes discrets dans les corps finis

Membre du Jury : von zur Gathen, Joachim et Coppersmith, Don et Berger, Thierry et Villard, Gillles et Sendrier, Nicolas et Roblot, XavierComputing discrete logarithms is a fundamental task for public key cryptanalysis. The mere existence of a subexponential algorithm for this purpose is not su±cient to de¯nitely rule on the security level provided by some cryptosystem. Assessing state-of-the-art cryptanalysis calls for a thorough evaluation process. This dissertation contributes to such an evaluation. In particular, a record computation for discrete logarithms over F2607 is described.The first part of this thesis focuses on our study and use of Coppersmith's algorithm for computing discrete logarithms in finite fields of characteristic two. We brought several improvements to this algorithm, which made the record computation feasible. The relevance of such a computation extends beyond the realm of finite fields, because of the existence of the MOV reduction on the one hand, and the recently introduced identity-based cryptography onthe other hand.The second part of this work addresses the classical problem of solving large sparse linear systems over finite fields, using the full power of existing algorithms and hardware in order to solve the largest possible linear systems. Specifically, we show how the block Wiedemann algorithm can be substantially improved in order to become very competitive for solving large sparse linear systems over Fp. Practical considerations on the achievement of the computations implied by this work are also discussed. These computations involved large resources, and required an importantmanagement work on the human side. Driving such tasks also yields some observations.Le calcul de logarithmes discrets est un problème central en cryptologie. Lorsqu'un algorithme sous-exponentiel pour résoudre ce problème existe, le cryptosystème concerné n'est pas nécessairement considéré comme disqualifié, et il convient d'actualiser avec soin l'état de l'art de la cryptanalyse. Les travaux de ce mémoire s'inscrivent dans cette optique. Nous décrivons en particulier comment nous avons atteint un record de calculs de logarithmes discrets: \GFn(607).Dans une première partie, nous exposons les différentes améliorations que nous avons apportées à l'algorithme de Coppersmith pour le calcul de logarithmes discrets en caractéristique 2. Ces améliorations ont rendu possible le record que nous avons atteint. La portée de ce calcul dépassele simple cadre des corps finis, à cause de l'existence de la réduction MOV d'une part, et de la récente introduction des cryptosystèmes fondés sur l'identité.On s'intéresse plus en détail, dans une seconde partie du mémoire, au problème classique de la résolution d'un système linéaire creux défini sur un corps fini, porté aux limites de ce que la technologie (théorique et pratique) permet. Nous montrons comment une amélioration substantielle de l'algorithme de Wiedemann par blocs a rendu celui-ci compétitif pour la résolution d'un grand système linéaire creux sur \GF p.Une partie de ce mémoire est consacrée au point de vue de l'expérimentateur, grand utilisateur de moyens de calcul, de la surcharge de travail humain que cela impose, et des constatations que cette position amène

A comparison of MNT curves and supersingular curves

We compare both the security and performance issues related to the choice of MNT curves against supersingular curves in characteristic three, for pairing based systems. We pay particular attention to equating the relevant security levels and comparing not only computational performance and bandwidth performance. The paper focuses on the BLS signature scheme and the Boneh--Franklin encryption scheme, but a similar analysis can be applied to many other pairing based schemes

Relation collection for the Function Field Sieve

International audienceIn this paper, we focus on the relation collection step of the Function Field Sieve (FFS), which is to date the best known algorithm for computing discrete logarithms in small-characteristic finite fields of cryptographic sizes. Denoting such a finite field by GF(p^n), where p is much smaller than n, the main idea behind this step is to find polynomials of the form a(t)-b(t)x in GF(p)[t][x] which, when considered as principal ideals in carefully selected function fields, can be factored into products of low-degree prime ideals. Such polynomials are called ''relations'', and current record-sized discrete-logarithm computations require billions of them. Collecting relations is therefore a crucial and extremely expensive step in FFS, and a practical implementation thereof requires heavy use of cache-aware sieving algorithms, along with efficient polynomial arithmetic over GF(p)[t]. This paper presents the algorithmic and arithmetic techniques which were put together as part of a new implementation of FFS, aimed at medium- to record-sized computations, and planned for public release in the near future

Pairings in Cryptology: efficiency, security and applications

Abstract The study of pairings can be considered in so many di�erent ways that it may not be useless to state in a few words the plan which has been adopted, and the chief objects at which it has aimed. This is not an attempt to write the whole history of the pairings in cryptology, or to detail every discovery, but rather a general presentation motivated by the two main requirements in cryptology; e�ciency and security. Starting from the basic underlying mathematics, pairing maps are con- structed and a major security issue related to the question of the minimal embedding �eld [12]1 is resolved. This is followed by an exposition on how to compute e�ciently the �nal exponentiation occurring in the calculation of a pairing [124]2 and a thorough survey on the security of the discrete log- arithm problem from both theoretical and implementational perspectives. These two crucial cryptologic requirements being ful�lled an identity based encryption scheme taking advantage of pairings [24]3 is introduced. Then, perceiving the need to hash identities to points on a pairing-friendly elliptic curve in the more general context of identity based cryptography, a new technique to efficiently solve this practical issue is exhibited. Unveiling pairings in cryptology involves a good understanding of both mathematical and cryptologic principles. Therefore, although �rst pre- sented from an abstract mathematical viewpoint, pairings are then studied from a more practical perspective, slowly drifting away toward cryptologic applications