Comparative analysis of feeding techniques for cylindrical surrounding patch antenna

In this research work, a Cylindrical Surrounding Patch Antenna (CSPA) with improved performance parameters based on inset feed method compared to other feed techniques has been proposed for 1.8 GHz applications. The designed and simulated CSPA is a rotary version of an initially designed Rectangular Planar Patch Antenna (RPPA). The RPPA is mounted on a cylindrical surface with radius (r) 10 mm which is an increased curvature for better -10 dB S-parameter (S11), impedance Band Width (BW), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, and gain. The copper radiating patch has been conformed on the surface of the grounded flexible polyimide substrate with relative permittivity (εr) 3.5 and thickness (h) 1.6 mm at normalized input impedance of 50 Ω. Results for the RPPA and the proposed CSPA have been compared with existing designs in terms of antenna size, resonant frequency (fr), return loss (S11), and gain while taking cognizance of the feeding techniques. The S11, BW, VSWR, and gain are -12.784 dB, 28 MHz, 1.8, and 4.81 dBi respectively for the rectangular planar patch antenna and -35.571 dB, 66 MHz, 1.5, and 3.74 dBi, respectively for the cylindrical surrounding patch antenna

Variation of Input Impedance with Feeding Position in Probe and inset-Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna

Proper impedance matching of a microstrip patch antenna to the feed line is paramount for efficient radiation. However, impedance matching in such a system is not easy and consequently most systems suffer from return losses. The variation of the input impedance of a probe-fed and inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antennas along the longitudinal and transverse lengths is investigated on probe-fed and microstrip-fed antenna operating at 2.4GHz and 2.0GHz respectively. FEKO simulation software is used to evaluate and characterize the behaviour of the input resistance for varying values of feeding position. It is observed that the transverse variation in the input resistance is very minimal. The conclusion drawn here is that a cosine squared and shifted cosine squared function can be used to exactly locate the feed point in a probe and inset fed antennas respectively for an impedance matched antenna system.   Keywords: Longitudinal feeding position, FEKO, probe feeding, inset feeding, input impedance, return loss

Bandwidth Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna- A Basic Overview

An antenna is a very important device in wireless applications. It converts the electrical energy into RF signal at the transmitter and RF signal into electrical energy at the receiver side. A micro strip antenna consists of a rectangular patch on a ground plane separated by dielectric substrate. The patch in the antenna is made of a conducting material Cu (Copper) or Au (Gold) and this can be in any shape of rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical or some other common shape. Researches of past few year shows that, various work on Microstrip Patch Antenna is attentive on designing compact sized Microstrip Antenna with efficiency and bandwidth optimized. But inherently Microstrip Patch Antenna have narrow bandwidth so to enhance bandwidth various techniques are engaged. Today’s Communication devices need several applications which require higher bandwidth; such as mobile phones these days are getting thinner and smarter but many applications supported by them require higher bandwidth, so microstrip antenna used for performing this operation should provide wider bandwidth as well as their shape should be more efficient and size should be compact so that it should occupy less space while keeping the size of device as small as possible. In this review paper, a review of different techniques used for bandwidth optimization & various shapes of compact and broadband microstrip patch antenna is given

RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING AIR-COUPLED PARASITIC PATCHES FOR BANDWIDTH IMPROVEMENT

Microstrip antennas are becoming increasingly useful these days as they can be printed directly on a circuit board. They are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and design because of the simple 2-dimensional physical geometry. This is a key feature of microstrip antenna to be used in wireless communication field. Thus bandwidth and gain improvement have become major design consideration for practical application of microstrip antennas. The purpose of this paper is to design a rectangular microstrip antenna with parasitic side patches using air coupling. IE3D simulation software is used for simulation and a comparison is made between the basic patch antenna and improved patch antennas

Comparative study of micromixers for laminar blood mixing

Miniaturization is the trend in analytical chemistry and life science. It has been emerging into the research field of microfluidics in the application of LOC. The application is used for biochemistry analysis and require a rapid mixing in small area. Due to laminar flow (Reynold Number < 1) passive micromixer is the best method in fluids mixing. Passive micromixer also depend on the channel geometry for mixing effectiveness. In this study, four different micromixers were evaluated based on the baseline control Y-micromixer. The micromixers are internal rib micromixer, patterned grooves micromixer, obstruction micromixer and slanted rib micromixer. These micromixer has 1000μm channel length, 150μm inlet length, 90o between inlets ports, width and depth are 40μm each. The fluids used for mixing were blood which has 1.0 × 10-6 kg/μms of viscosity and toluene which has low viscosity than blood (0.664 × 10-9 kg/μms). The fluids used to evaluate the differences in term of their visual performance based image’s standard deviation by plotting the graph and mixing efficiency by calculation. Based on these evaluations, the slanted rib micromixer is the best micromixer design with the highest mixing efficiency of 99.85% at the outlet of the channel

Design and Performance Analysis of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication at 2.4 GHz

This paper presents the design of a rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) intended for operation at 2.4 GHz frequency, predominantly used in wireless communication. The proposed MPA, designed on an FR4-Epoxy substrate using a microstrip line feeding approach, was simulated using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The primary metrics evaluated included return loss, gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and half-power beamwidth. The findings revealed an impressive return loss of -25dB and a moderate gain of 1.48 dB at the target frequency. The VSWR value was approximately 1, indicating efficient power transmission with minimal reflections. Furthermore, the antenna exhibited a broad half-power beamwidth of 79 degrees, suggesting its potential for applications requiring extensive signal coverage. This research provides insights into MPA design principles and serves as a foundation for future advancements in wireless communication antenna systems

Design of microstrip patch antenna to deploy unmanned aerial vehicle as UE in 5G wireless network

The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been increasing rapidly in the civilian and military applications, because of UAV's high-performance communication with ground clients, especially for its intrinsic properties such as adaptive altitude, mobility, and flexibility. UAV deployment can be monitored and controlled through 5G wireless network as user equipment (UE) along with other devices. A highly directive microstrip patch antenna (MPA) could establish long-distance communication by overcoming air attenuation and reduce co-channel interference in the limited region if UAV uses a specifically dedicated band, which might enhance spatially reuse of the spectrum. Also, MPA is highly recommended for UAV because of its low weight, low cost, compact size, and flat shape. In this paper, we have designed a highly directive single-band 2×2 and 4×4 antenna array for 5.8 GHz and 28 GHz frequency respectively for UAV application in a focus to deploy UAV through 5G wireless network. Here, The Roger RT5880 (lossy) material utilize as a substrate due to its lower dielectric constant which achieves higher directivity and good mechanical stability. Inset feed technique used to feed antenna for lowering input impedance which provides higher antenna efficiency. The results show a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and 1.596 GHz for 5.8 GHz and 28 GHz antenna array correspondingly with a compact size

Analysis of Finite Microstrip Structures Using an Efficient Implementation of the Integral Equation Technique

An efficient numerical implementation of the Integral Equation technique (IE) has been developed for the analysis of the electrical characteristics of finite microstrip structures. The technique formulates a volume version of the IE for the finite dielectric objects, and a standard surface IE technique for the metallic areas. The system of integral equations formu- lated are solved with special numerical techniques described in this paper. The input impedances of several microstrip antennas have been computed, showing good agreement with respect mea- surements. The technique has shown to be accurate even for complex geometries containing several stacked dielectric layers. The radiation patterns of the structures have also been com- puted, and measured results from real manufactured hardware confirm that backside radiation and secondary lobes are accurately predicted by the theoretical model. The paper also discuss a suitable excitation model for finite size ground planes, and investigates the possibilities for an independent meshing of the metallic areas and the dielectric objects inside a given geom- etry. The practical value of the approach derived is that microstrip circuits can be designed minimizing the volume and size of the dielectric substrates.This work has been supported bythe Spanish National Project ESP2001-4546-PE, and RegionalSeneca Project PB/4/FS/02

Design and simulation of circular microstrip patch antenna with cross-shaped slot

A design of circular microstrip patch antenna were  proposed . The aim of this design to improve the performances of circular microstip antenna for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications . A cross- shaped slot is etched on the circular patch to improving characteristics of antenna such as return loss, bandwidth , vswr,  radiation pattern , and antenna gain . The designed circular patch antenna shows return loss value -27dB and a band width equal to 18% . Also, a the value of vswr is 1.09 and antenna avarage gain equal to 5.2 dB. The circular microstrip patch antenna is designed  at 9.2 GHz frequency by using coaxial feeding technique and Arlon substrate with dielectric constant εr = 3.2 and thickness is 1.7mm . Antenna design and simulation of proposed antenna carried out in Finite Element Method (FEM) based High Frequency Structural Simulation (HFSS) tool. Keyword: Circular Microstrip Antenna, FEM , HFSS, UWB , cross- shaped slot

A Study on Dual-band Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna for Wi-Fi

This paper presents the design of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna for Wi-Fi that operates at 2.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The antenna contains a rectangular patch with two rectangular slots. The first slot is incorporated in the patch while the second slot is incorporated in the ground plane. The antenna is based on a microstrip fed rectangular patch printed on the FR-4 epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm with patch size 24 mm × 21 mm. The simulated result shows that the realized antenna successfully works on dual-band and subsequently achieves a bandwidth of 100 MHz and 200 MHz as well as the return loss about -29.9 dB and -15.16 dB for 2.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz respectively. A stable omnidirectional radiation pattern is observed in the operating frequency bands. The antenna meets the required specifications for 802.11 WLAN standards